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"Patriot" freedom of the 17th CPC National Congress.


Of: Ran Yunfei. .


I know the country and the party, the Government is not the same, it is due. However, from the finest in the State of practice in China, as well as the replacement, the actual effect, abduction, at present, China's State Government is its heart, the soul of the party. The current realities of the environment and context, patriotic, inevitably, more often, in love, no matter where you admit, this is your irrational patriotic paradox. Does not recognize such a paradox, but indiscriminate love, on the contrary, it may be that the "country" to you. Here we, the Young Patriots point may not realize it is full of strange means. Government was open to 17 large, so come on a 17 bar in larger freedom. Before the official opening 17 large, you have a 18 big, not too behold it? 8 Yiwu in court, it can be tolerated, what can not? . .


Countries can, of course, love, but it should be clear and rational manner. Current situation of the Patriots have a clear understanding, just like Bellevue said blindly "love to the ancient", and "patriotic must love to metamorphosis." In other words, the "Patriot" really should be sensible and should not be lost control of himself "," Patriot "eventually stop their bones" that horrible disaster is too big. Of course, even if you are a high fever like those "patriotic" freedom, I also respect, I only regret that it seems to me there are better ways and means of patriotism, so afraid to speak up, please criticism. .


A: you are in a foreign rights, you cannot return the procession of freedom.


In other countries you are free to march in our partnership here, you have trouble walking, patriotism is not dispensed to the right of you, you Zeneng without consent casually love? You have the freedom of remote patriotic, but you can not easily return to a more patriotic freedom. In the United States, France, Britain and other countries on the Avenue you can love your country, of course, came back, you can go online patriotic. .


Second: you have publicly condemning the other Governments and leaders of the free State, you cannot publicly condemning their Governments and leaders of the free.


The eighties an extension of political jokes about it (the back one I added): Americans have to the White House to criticize Ronald Reagan's freedom, the Soviet people to the Kremlin to criticize Ronald Reagan's freedom, to Zhongnanhai, the Chinese people can not go the freedom to criticize Ronald Reagan. .


Three: you have not seen CNN, but you have the freedom to protest CNN.


CNN could not find in China, such as any punches either, because there are no private media, the official mouthpiece of the consequences of protest can be imagined. .


4: do you have a built-in anti-CNN's free Web site, but you won't be able to build Web sites against people's freedom.


We need to be as as anti-anti-CNN "People's Daily" free, this is the way of deep patriotism. .


5: do you have on paper anti independence, Tibet, Xinjiang independence freedom, you cannot go to a public association, Assembly back their freedom.


Main unity, the anti-secession seems extremely patriotic, but the country is you talk of love Why? You only listen to the official how to love you free. .


Six: do you have the free patriotic, but countries have more freedom to not love you.


Lao She's "Teahouse" in the regular Si Ye wrote: I love the Qing, to whom Love Our ah. .


7: you have the free patriotic, but also let you do the free temporary residence permit.


As a patriotic young people, why you staying in China? Unless you give me a temporary residence permit to prove that to people who do not patriotic. .


8: do you have any objections to the politicization of the Olympic Games, you have more freedom to support domestic Government Olympic political freedom.


China can focus all its efforts on doing big things, and certainly can "focus all its efforts" to protest against the people he hurt the rights to do so "big." .


9: you cannot accept all kinds of information for free, you also have the couple at home can watch huangdie freedom.


Administration of Radio, Press and Publication Administration to freedom of patriotic young people need to play to the extreme, need not repeat. .


Ten: you have been officially deemed a card to play for free, you will have to be an official freedom of others.


You patriotic anti-Japanese demonstrations, he saw useful, let you go to swim. Got two days he was afraid he could not control the situation, the right to free you patriotic. These two days your "patriotic" feelings to get their permission, so you feel elated, but the two days they would receive for the Olympic Games, and a certain sense has got to be "patriotic", and this is official for you "patriotic "attitude. .


11: do you have made in support of the Government's freedom of expression, you have the freedom to criticize the Government for risk free.


Hu Jia, Guo and so is the example of power of examples is endless or scared wits do it? If some day the Chinese government as criticism of criticism of the government, like any other countries regarding freedom (in fact criticize other governments are not free, you see the international version of the media will know how to speak with one voice), then the patriotic thing has become a perfectly justifiable. .


12: do you have a public recognition of the Government, you have more freedom in a cage free patriotic.


Bush said one of the great achievements of mankind, that is, people will the government shut the cage, so that the Government tame talking in the cage, not the reverse. .


13: whatever the enemy opposition, we will have to embrace freedom. All enemies support, we are opposed to freedom.


This is Quotations from Chairman Mao-depth study. .


14: do you have on your network free patriotic, but you have sensitive words, filter and doesn't come free.


Including your patriotism on the network, probably will hear of this embarrassment. "Patriotism" is still unable to freedom, not to mention other Down? . .


15: do you have to maintain the "Saint" fire of freedom, you must be accompanied by the police in order to watch the Beijing Olympic games free.


Maintaining the "sacred" fire to dozens of big guy, with you watching the Olympics should have tens of thousands of police, great country really spectacular zai! Lofty and imposing? Sway Down? Zhennai cute the States. .


16: do you have to resist China's Carrefour's free, you have to go to France tomorrow without freedom back.


Think Clinton's speech at Peking University's "Patriot" Ma Nan, and she's faster than the United States when she criticized the United States much more excitement to be memorable. Not that you criticize the U.S., you can not go to the United States, but that you at least a certain period of time to Xinkouruyi it, faster than the Sichuan Opera face the king, let us not enough people who want their brains do not understand. At the same time, you go to the Carrefour boycott of free will might end up being kidnapped you love this country's government to stop, do not believe we will wait and see. I oppose the boycott Carrefour, I think this boycott is stupid, but you have the freedom to resist, but when this freedom to the will 竹篮打水一场空.Once again informed that the "Patriot", the State can not just love.


17: Do you have to Western democracy and freedom to enjoy more that is not fit to engage in democratic freedom. .


There are many sea turtles or sea turtles "Patriot" are so, so that the proportion of "Patriot" seems to have a lot of it. Presumably they action proves that the Chinese people have somewhere to enjoy out-of-freedom, not in their own country for free!.


Mao in China today is no longer God, but Prolonged Mao Mao worship, or call again to bring this unprecedented disaster to the Chinese people portrayed as a special person, an honorable man, a poet , a courage storms fighting seaman, an informal, person, one plain and hardworking, approachable person. His body patched underwear and slippers were also broken out the exhibition. .


This is the official and the old and new versions of the left. But history has another hair.


The Mao smoked, he smoked a cigarette factory smoke is specially manufactured. The hair like tea, tea sets and other tableware he also has a porcelain factory in Hunan deliberately fired. .


This hair doesn't like toothpaste, tooth powder used in China, so all tooth powder factory were eliminated after toothpaste factory, specializing in a preserved for him a tooth powder.


The hair eat fish, so even in his visit to the Soviet Union must guarantee that he can eat by hand on the fish. .


The wool from the 50 's, so they take hematinic during his visit to the Soviet Union in 1957, the prior sent a special delivery for a couple of big box of herbal medicine, and a special medicinal pot to boil the Chinese Ambassador to the Soviet Embassy. When Mao left, accompanied by a trained nurse, devoted to his medicine.


The hair trouble, never take a bath, he guards every day for his brush with hot towels. The hair serious insomnia, and his guard in his bed after going to massage and gently pounding his body until he fell asleep. When the hair trouble for him to rely on others to relax hair, so he will be trained to have hair that chief bodyguard of the great talent, and that the Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi to Lafayette eunuch confidant hair almost, coincidentally, both of them, surnamed Li . The hair hate their dress shoes, so it all has a guard or nurse do it. .


The text of this hair hate annoying comment sections and daily rituals, everything has to do what she likes. His daily schedule and laypeople, although he has been praise for the Red Sun, in fact, this is the Moon the Sun follows the rise and fall, so he will have to adapt to the Sunrise, sunset and the rest of the schedule. The hair never met the foreign guests and guests prior to the agreed time-frame, but when he suddenly wake up, when there is interest in his old age is when you want to see the master did not stay. Many foreign guests is in the eating dessert or sleeping when suddenly informed that our President will see you now. He often sat on the bed wearing pajamas met subordinates, and once attended a memorial service was also wearing pajamas. He sometimes disheveled meeting with foreign guests, but also has the edge of a pool wearing swimming trunks and Khrushchev talks, insist guests will not swim into the water. He resigned as president 50 years when one of the reasons is the reluctance by the two sides agreed to meet a good time dressed new foreign envoys. .


The wool was afraid to fly, so often train tour. In order not to think of the opportunity to kill his enemies, his whereabouts, often in the morning, afternoon and left. His entire moving along all the buses lorries will have to give way, often an entire line of train schedule to the Act of his train. When his train stop to let him sleep, no sound around. Train, plane, fly, car is very far from the stop. When he woke up, went to go, no matter what to do.


The hair like swimming, when he launched in the Yangtze River, not only launched his chief bodyguard to himself, but from the Minister of Public Security to the Hubei provincial party committee must be accompanied tour, they not only pre-water flow velocity and repeated measurement survey the local customs, swimming when they cut off all water traffic. When the hair when swimming in the sea, his favorite in the under guard to wave their challenge around, displaying his indomitable. Start from the Yan'an this wool hooked on dancing, so not only has his Zhongnanhai to the Great Hall of the ballroom, and he visited all the provincial capitals and municipalities, and resort to be slow for his four-step preparation.In the Ballroom in secluded little room for the hair and his partner for the night.


So a twenty eight years Mao dominated China, in addition to the brink of collapse in the national economy, Chinese people can expect? . .


Elderly people prefer to write poetry, but not in favour of others. Therefore, the 1960s and 1970s, Continental Express newspapers never dare to poetry.


The only continent he wrote classical poetry with one of several poets and Bong. (Because of this social context will lead to "false Cui Chen Mingyuan poems" miscarriage of justice). .


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Elderly people like to dance, Zhongnanhai ball repeatedly. .


But they advocate a person to leave bad. Therefore, the 1960s and 1970s the community has no balls.


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Old people like watching old (especially important for this kind of feudal political manipulation of speaking).


However, with the Cultural Revolution, the first "four olds" after "approved Kong Confucianism" by all the ancient code into all poisonous weeds. Many experts and scholars had their homes searched, books have been destroyed. The continent is rich in only his old private collections. .


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Old people like old Peking opera. .


But together, the National Guard during the cultural revolution. People can only see the eight modern pattern play. Shangying factory secret filming old opera film to elderly people.


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Old fee up to $ 1 million in 1960, the cultural revolution at the beginning of their deliberations of Jiang Lin Biao's remuneration standard reference to five times. Death of up to $ 70 million, plus interest is 100 million (see the open press).


Meanwhile, against the "bourgeois married for fame and gain fame," removed all of the country during the Cultural Revolution the author's royalties. .


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Elderly people like to see the import of foreign and Taiwan and Hong Kong films, such as the Bruce Lee films. .


But the cultural revolution was banned in Western countries, the movie. Ordinary light confined to a handful of friendly countries in the movie (the "Korean films at western Hunanese and crying and laughing; Vietnamese film aircraft cannons; Abba movie somehow; China film press release"). So then there is a terminology called "internal movie"--only the offspring look to the people of Europe and the United States imports..


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Old people think "poor rich gets repaired" revolution, worried about people "took" the media ", 1% of money, people really in the spirit" is also very economical, a small number of three big rich hujia (radios, bikes, watch). Most folks in the "household appliances" only a flashlight.


But the old people are not afraid to "repair" the special people and property for the continent's richest man, has a unique private swimming pool on the mainland, and around the palace. There are special smoke, special Pork, the President special ceramics, air conditioning (a term unheard of at that time and people not only never seen before) and so on. .


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National publicity media is expected of the elderly, "I wish the Wanshouwujiang" of Lin Biao's expectations down a file for the "always healthy". .


At the request of the workers are earning big oil "in order to better lives for 20 years." The requirement is "first slope, died after Fossa". To the military requirements are "fear neither hardship nor death." For all the requirements of the common people is the "small flats are important personal things are trivial matters".


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During the cultural revolution, the national promotion "Recalling our sufferings", all of the rich Chinese landlords are capitalists media as no evil oppression of the poor do not liuwencai----also placed special emphasis on the words "black crows.".


In addition to a rich peasant family. .


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Cultural Revolution in the highest order, saying "humble the most intelligent, noble are most stupid." Quite sensational, and I was very excited generation Xiaomin, but did not speculate about:. .


Elderly people are the "lowly" or "noble"? of course not be humble (there is a national song "respectful" and "long live the humble"?). Only those may be noble.


- Thus, although the law of imperial order "noble are most stupid", but the old exception, he is the only noble who does not stupid. .


Elderly people are "smart" or "stupid"? of course would not be stupid ("stupid jiangshan laid"?). Can only be disguises.


- Thus, although the Imperial Law "humble the most intelligent," but old exception, he is the only smart person does not humble. .


From the point of view of logic, the two will show the following conclusions: the Chinese people if he is going to be humble. If you are a fool, he can be distinguished.


The most intelligent and most noble, only one country has! . .


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A similar analysis can also highest order "is not intellectual knowledge," and "people are the real heroes, and we ourselves are often childish and ridiculous." .


--The elderly are the "intellectuals" exception. Elderly people are "our own" exception.


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Maverick, distinctive Ah.


A state, even proudly said that I was carrying out a snake out of its hole, I am powerful than the Emperor! Shame. Taizu Emperor (emperor). .


1. a large number of people to move to the frontier.


2, to protect the interests of farmers, allowing farmers to government officials seized and turned over to the central, the farmers are not allowed to retaliate. .


3. engage in Frontier Corps, army troops, "we keep soldiers million people, or we may charge a grain of rice".


4, diligent in political affairs, slaughter. .


5, great talent, his iron such as clouds, rain, as advisers in favor, XI Hu and played an important role in the group, so that the hero group is very badly hit.


6, the eldest son are short-lived, were not chosen successor, that their positions. .


7, scholars have been flouted, combat.


8, the basic kill hero, leaving only a good hero under. .


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Emperor Hui cases (Zhu Yunwen). .


1, qualifications, revealing.


2, only four years in office. .


Into Emperor (Emperor Zhu di).


1, the same bold vision, to take a campaign to protect the national interests. .


2, Western.


3, when elected successor, to replace the Ren, but some people say that Emperor Xuan Zong was "too good Sun", to set the Ren and Xuanzong succession of ideas. .


4. This is for you, but do have a shake, though by force of circumstance, but the matter so that the "absolutely wrong reading seed."


Renzong Emperor (Ju Chi). .


1, justice, and stable development of the country, began the "rule of renxuan.".


2, because it is too permissive, but also left some hidden dangers. .


Emperor Xuanzong (Zhu zhanji).


1, when the relationship between the emperor Xuanzong harmonious, stable development of economy. .


30 years of reform, it is the reverse, it was like to be melancholy. Looking to the future, someone was optimistic pessimism, it was comfortable it was tensions. Everybody knows that you want to have big changes, but I wonder how it will change, uncertainty about the future of tension and the shadow, in the community. The academic debate today, don't eat too much of nothing, is not a purely boring name-calling amusement, but a value of war, is competing for the right of speech, human rights, fighting for the future shape of war.


Decades of not arguing, so that people "doctrine" some of these concepts have been tired, I feel empty. And here are mostly business people, everyone on the theory and the media controversy of these theoretical issues are often not interested. I want to remind you that, "the wind from the end of the Qingping", social upheaval, often the first debate from the academic atmosphere of the beginning. From the campus, academic forums, seminars on theory of the wind blowing, and a certain social climate, with fit and they will evolve into an irresistible social trend, the different social strata who swallowed.When Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, scholars in the Marxist propaganda when businessmen who cares what these empty? then who would expect them to blow out of the wind will have the effect of subsequent large? then industry saving the nation of merchants, who knows they will all of those deprived of their confiscated? in coming, I see some real estate advertising on the buildings are spread apart, bare does not look good, I know, just know that in the future, the Government has not allowed in the streets to do high-end real estate advertising, that is to stimulate people to make people look uncomfortable. You feel funny? this is getting public opinion. We all live in society, social thought climate change sooner or later into real power, do not underestimate the theoretical arguments and public opinion changes. Rain Comes from Wind, theory, and with public opinion is the wind, and politics is the mountain wind to rain. .


According to the meeting organizer, I am here is to share the problem of "original sin". A few months ago, I left with a few friends argue, from the speech was published, called the land of the sins of Uganda, has caused much controversy. For some of the criticism of left-wing friends, I am back to an article entitled "leftist to competition law, also attracted some criticism. Today revisit the "original sin", I do not want to repeat the past for some time have had the view, I would like to change a point of view, this perspective is no longer on the "original sin" of itself, but rather of "original sin" in the phenomenon itself, of "original sin" to discuss what characteristics both of confrontation, of why some people want to stir up the fire to discuss original sin, why do some people think that should end the debate.In other words, we discuss the "original sin" battlefield withdraw, jump, from above, from the outside, the ideology of the battlefield, look at what people around who is in the journey, are unveiling a look at what kind of spell was used.


To see the original sin of the war debate, let's leave the "original sin" concept itself, first to talk about "populism" and "elitist" are two extreme opposites. Discussion on the original sin, "populism" and "elitism" among the point of view, a matter of original sin argument is not self-evident. I feel and understand the history of the "populist" and "elitism" and in today's performance, we have original sin on the current controversy will have a more thorough understanding.Populism and elitism, two opposing extreme, but today's discussion on original sin, a variety of different perspectives and emotion, in fact, many in between populism and elitism.


Half-demon half god populism. .


In recent years, "populism" are often in the academic argument, are often in the media. Taiwanese Kuomintang Lien Chan said that democratic populism, and do not accuse the DPP is populism. What is populism? academia on populism, there are various different definitions, we don't have to repeat the academics that define, let's take a look at today's media by the concept of "populism".


For example, the recent events in Chongqing nail house, how much we all wanted to come hear, the media, almost one-sided nail households stood side. Jiang Ping jurists came out and said that since the courts have ruled should be implemented to safeguard the authority of the law. These words came out, not only criticized by many users, but also by many friends, Jiang Ping their academic criticism. Jiang Ping responded: "I just sat in the legal side." He meant, I do not sit on one side a strong community, not sitting on the side of vulnerable groups, the principles of law should be transcendent, universal, neutral.The Internet also calls him, asking "江平 sat in the legal side, who sat on the side of the law?" in response to media 江平 said: "the strength of the group are wrong, wrong strength; weak wrong, are wrong. The law does not say that under any circumstances for the protection of vulnerable groups, depending on the vulnerable party. If only generally ask you're strong or weak, if I'm vulnerable you have anything you want to protect me, this is in trouble, this is the typical populist language, typical of populist ideas. Whether we want the people of this doctrine, or to populism? "Here, Jiang Ping used the concept of populism, Jiang Ping used the concept of populism means: If you have any vulnerable situation I have to protect me. Populism is all according to the requirements of vulnerable groups to do..


We can summarize some of the principles of populism.


The first principle of populism: Jiang Ping was jurist, he is from a legal perspective populist, perhaps he believes that populism in the performance of law is the law that the disadvantaged should be better taken care of, the law The balance should be tilted to the vulnerable, and Jiang Ping does not agree with this populist view of law, he thinks the law should go beyond the rich and the poor above the rich and the poor should be equal before the law. Of course, the people are not opposed to Jiang Ping this view, they think first of all Chinese social injustice, the law itself is a strong community groups to develop a strong inclination to, the law itself on the unjust.江平 to respect the law, equal protection of the strong is a priority. Press criticism of standard 江平, unjust laws and may not be legal rulings, it depends on what the article from the critical perspective, many people believe it is necessary to rely on the Justice of moral conscience, relying on the Basic, relying on public opinion. Justice in the moral conscience, not in the legal system, the ruling social conflict, to moral conscience as standard. Moral conscience, above the law. Please note that this is the first principle of populism, justice in the moral conscience.


The second principle of populism: In addition to this first principle, the principle of populism has a second, this is the moral conscience of the general public, or even only among the general population. The more the bottom of society, the more moral conscience. Society is stratified, and there is a weight of moral conscience, natural subsidence, sediment at the bottom of the social crowd. More to the upper walk, the more rarefied moral conscience. This is the first principle and the principle of combining the second, there will be a corollary: the public morality in the bottom, the bottom is just the public's decision.To be ethical and righteous people, get people to go to, especially to the bottom of most suffering people go.


The third principle of populism: But, the bottom mass is distributed, no organization, how should we do? Intellectuals who have the moral and political conscience of the saints are the people going to the mobilization and organization, the people organized into a whole, to destroy or transform the unjust world. To the underlying mass, combined with the underlying public, political sage join forces with the bottom of the public, which formed the third principle of populism. Political sage combined with the underlying mass, and form a cohesive force, and how to transform the world? This is based on many oppress the few.Anyway, the bottom is always most people, always a few people, the underlying advantage is numbers that you want to play most of the advantages, to burst effect.


Populist fourth principle: That the formation of the fourth principle of populist, the principle of the majority of violent resistance. As long as most people do, even the things set on fire killing all must be the motive for justice. In recent years, Wu Jinglian, Jiang Ping, Mao Yushi Scholar, etc., are enjoyed by users with different levels of "many oppress the few," the taste. Heroes face of the four hands, a single critical article Internet users, far less than the influence of scholars articles. But dozens of Internet users with up hundreds of siege, the momentum is different. As long as most people believe the majority opinion, we will be justice.Mass movement, always represents the direction of justice. When the Communist revolution, so it is fascism.


I re-summarize the four principles of populism: moral conscience, the underlying public, political sage combined with the underlying mass, the majority of violent resistance. Populist English words, like popularism, meaning populist, but the Chinese translation is vivid, called "populism." "Nazi" means "pure" is the "essence", the name suggests, "populism" is that "people are the only pure, is the social essence" of the doctrine. It is anti-elitist, and it is not simply that the moral elite, the elite is not society's elite. .


I like to summarize populism, maybe scholars will have different opinions. There are different views on the matter, this is only my own understanding of populism, and I think broadly reflects some of the basic features of populism. Speaking of which, we have reached the conclusion that this is not the early Communist? Yes, absolutely. Marxist theoretical system, can also be seen as a kind of populist sentiment. That is the foundation of a Communist revolution, populism. To allow people to follow their own dry-ground floor, first of all have to put their hands to heaven, "don't say that we have nothing at all, we want to be masters of the world." Mao not only the elite in the moral contempt, "dirt then 10 000 Hou," he even thought that the more knowledge the more against the great human inventions and creativity are to non-intellectuals. He also said that a feminist reading difficult than, pig run, the book will not run. Will butcher the working people to more intellectual, smart and capable. After the founding of the PRC, the capitalists become self-reliant laborers to intellectuals rushed to the factory to accept the poor peasant in rural re-education, which is the practice of populism. .


As a relative system theory, populism is formed in the 19th century Russia. Zhiber Michael Ignatieff had pointed out: "populism is Russia's special phenomenon ... gertsen, Dostoyevsky and the 70 's revolutionaries are populism. The people as a pillar of truth, and that belief has always been the foundation of populism. " "All Russian populism are compassion and sympathy. In the 1970s, the confession of the nobility gave up their own privileges going to people that serve them and integrate them. "Many great men, consciously or unconsciously, for the populist trend has contributed to the formation. Populist trend since the writer first, such as Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, He Uelzen. they are the people on the ground floor is full of mercy and compassion, their description to the bottom of the little people, criminals and the poor, the suffering, the suffering of the human body while describing the great feelings and noble character. In Dostoevsky's novel , murderers, prostitutes, thieves, a positive picture has emerged, their suffering, repentance, conscience, etc. presented to readers.Populism in the style of literary works, social upper surface light and fresh, the essence of the moral decay, hypocrisy, corruption, pollution, the lower surface of society real persons of high moral character, tolerance of humanity, rich in faith and devotion. Society is hell, and powerful is the devil, truth, belief and most of the poor. Rescue society, do not rely on those tares, upper and rely on public awareness and rebellion, rely on the underlying moral to state ethics. This is a campaign going on for nearly a century of thinking can also be called the poor man image building campaign, the bottom gradually sanctified and general "people" concept is gradually brought to the altar, into God, "the people, only people is the creation of the true driving force of history ", and the people against the social elite became the devil. Social progress, has become the people to overthrow the ruling elite's progress. .


The Russian Revolution ROAR not only sent to Marxism-Leninism, sent to a well-grounded Russian populism. "The most menial, most noble and humble," and "Viva" and "people to people rooting flowering," "who accept pinxiazhongnong education" and "intellectuals" choulaojiu. In addition to the influence of Russian populism, populism in China's rapidly growing up, and traditional Chinese culture factors. As we all know, the Chinese traditional culture is the way the three components of Confucianism and Taoism culture, grade and Buddhism has strong anti-grade of populist. Buddhism and Taoism are about equal . Zen Buddhism, said, "everybody Buddha", which evened the mass and the elite distance. I said at the social elite class is the chieftain, "service of literary grace, Perry sword, financial credit surplus, is that the Pirates of the praise, not morality also Zai!" Taoist Chuang Tzu said: "Holy is not dead and more than Thieves." So-called upper saints immortal light, great robbers will not end the phenomenon of rampant. Sage is the great robber. .


There are Chinese literary populism? Mao Zedong era literature, we can say is populism. Today, Chinese literature, populist. I recommend a story called "Neon", the author is Cao Zheng Road, published in the journal of contemporary law last year. It depicts the life of prostitutes. A spinning mill of Mr. Hongmei, workers across the group leader, League Secretary, too advanced producers honor, State enterprise reform laid-off, there is no way to feed sick mother and for their children to school, when a prostitute. Mei Ni novel depicts the suffering of heart and her observation of the world feel very well written, there are such sentences: "We sell out of the flesh, not the soul, as we are gentleman, Do not look at them there thinking they a theory. "which describes the gentleman, full of bastards and robbers, the bottom people are good people.Inside the description to a friend are bullied prostitutes guests, NI Hongmei's operations were organized, get past the factory workers, "tears is like being kept for too long, so all of a sudden, a spray! this is like suddenly walked into an old film, we meet at the Sorbonne, suffocating the no complaining of pain, like a whip-like down storm, working people pull up hands and singing. This is guyan overtook team, is a drowning man saw the coastline. "Prostitute's success, and received compensation," the most important thing is that we made a people, and with dignity. "This novel is very touching, full of the" lower orders "of understanding and compassion, full of the" gentleman "of the contempt and anger, this style is the year the Russian populist literary style. This literature shaped by social psychology, is claiming to be "inferior people" of those death-defying rebellion in social psychology..


Populism is half-God half devil. Say it with half-God, because it is a social oppression and suffering feelings, is not just the reality of corruption, it is society public involvement in politics, to end the unreasonable oppression and exploitation, on the Elimination of social inequality has a great history. In this sense, in addition to the civil violence, I agree with much of the rise of populism. Populism is also half a spot color, because it approaches to solving social problems is wrong, is destructive, ultimately harm the labouring masses. It is just talk to the neglect group unified individual freedom, do not understand everything he found inspiration are based on personal freedom. It as the supreme moral revolution that could transform the masses of humanity and moral movement to purify the human nature, human nature regardless of the fact that the millennium change, regardless of the rule of law society. It advocates a large resistance from the violence, for peace and order is a major threat. Human nature change? If human nature to change, there is no continuity of civilization, we studied the works of thousands of years ago do not understand.Read the hundred schools of thought and ershisishi, you say there's human alter content? man is man and human nature is human nature that we can't use political forces to shape human nature, but can only change the management of human nature. In addition, it is the pursuit of equality and the negative social and rational Multipole differentiation. There is no competition, no power, no progress, but the competition is to talk about the success or failure of winning or losing, will certainly come out level, fair competition of social differentiation, is a natural phenomenon of social progress. Populism, more passion, and romantic, rebellious and destructive power rather than rational, orderly and constructive force, it is a radical performance, and in bones side, it is the fear of the conservative forces of the normal competition . Populist moral glory of human nature only in the struggle to seize power before the flash, and seized power, the greed of human nature under totalitarian evil in the amplification will be more terrible, it's magic out of the highlight. Populist regime of sexual orientation, even in the communist movement and the fascist movement had had practice, and how many should be a great thinker I said, "are complex for the odd, good recovery for the demon" of insight. .


Nearly a hundred years of Russia and China suffering political practice, make countless eyes the great moral sacred aura politicians go down the altars. When the divine moral mask was brutally torn history, only moral does not have the weight, it does not just sinking to the bottom, on behalf of the people, not necessarily the truth. Humanity is half-God half devil, the underlying public is half-demon God, as well as the "people" is a half-demon God, those who will "serve the people" day after day his political Saints, is the same as the half-God half devil. Deify or demonize elites, deify or demonize the people, not the real attitude, but for political and perplexed. I am confused is that all political vigilance, are objectionable. The vast majority of people in this world, neither is pure saint, nor is it pure evil. Good system to play a man's kindness and divine part, the bad system is evil and evil people to play the part. Hopes on a group to be deified The Sacred leaders themselves as they are to achieve justice for them to shape a dream world, it is wrong.Gave them the power of the unregulated, they would become the devil, the devil will not only hurt the elite, but also hurt people. In this sense, the new populism today belongs to the better forget the pain. Alternatively, they themselves are the magic of Enchantment, just use the people to seek their own political power.


It is easy to forget people, tore down the altar of history populism, many people still desperately want it carried back to the altar. Government corruption and social injustice, to stimulate the rise of populism. History shows that the destruction of totalitarian populism, privileges, and corruption of the old system was a positive historical significance, but the populism of the establishment of a fair competition, there is rule of law and order, the new system, it is difficult to do. We have no way to fight as long as a reasonable populist part of the God of nature, rather it is irrational, mass hysteria, the totalitarian violence of the evil part? . .


Is there a way?, Chinese people have created, this is currently the safeguarding campaign. Rights movement is an insult to be damage resistance movement, which maintain the vitality of populism, at rational, peace, within the limits of the law, it expresses a person's divinity was under control in the spot of human nature, it is a democratic and non-populism. To some extent, as long as the populism of the fourth principle, the principle of violence does not start, and I agree with many of the populism of judgement. For me personally, I welcome and support all from the bottom of the protest, struggle not to take knives to injure the only means of killing, they should welcome and support. They do not choose based on moral arrogance of violence and totalitarian, I agree with many other populist elements, in this sense, I can call myself a non-violent non-authoritarian populist. .


Demigod-spot of elitism.


And populism in opposition to various forms of "elitism." What is elitism? Elitism that is a genius and a hero in the creation of history, people who only follow and imitate, not to encourage the elite, not to protect the elite, the society can not progress. Elite to develop the space, the social development of their creativity, and ultimately drive more people to development. In this sense, Deng Xiaoping, "Let some people get rich, and ultimately achieving common prosperity" in that the elitism argument. Jiang Zemin's "Three Represents", the declaration is elitist.The working class is to create advanced productive forces and culture, it is not possible to become a leading force in society. Leftists criticize Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin quietly subversive Mao Zedong thought, this is not a point. China since the reform, one of the greatest features of elitism back to alternate the populism.


Relative system populism, mainly on the traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society in the process of transformation, is the egalitarian concept of existence and reality in contrast to the suffering population, the anger inspired by the contrast between the mood. Compared to populism, elitism can be long. Can even say that human civilization is beginning from elitism. China's Confucius, the ancient Greek Plato, are speaking elite running the country. Confucian ethical elite running the country, about the wisdom of Plato elite running the country. Confucius said: "Only Sophia and Zhi Xia Yu inalienable." Mencius said: "one who govern people, labor people were ruled."Plato were of the view that the only philosopher governance world, and the world. In short, the wise fools to cure, treat the weak to the strong.


Since the reform began to economic development, entrepreneurs and the role of scientists stand out, the new situation re-emergence of elitism. Knowledge economy era, the role of the knowledge elite underscores. China has a famous writer named Wang Xiaobo, a literary field of his liberal, he is very annoying Maoist populism, hate that time of the hollow moralism, he said, want to be on when the intellectual elite, what moral elite inappropriate . It can be said has already replaced elitist populism, become a true mainstream consciousness.This kind of elitism, began from kindergarten, clear the dinosaurs back to compete when the elite to get ahead, to be a celebrity, to be a rich man, when the technology elite, elite. School play playing school, focusing on brand-name enterprises, enterprises have to pledge, seeds. Once into the hell of businessmen and intellectuals, quickly becoming the dominant society. The Government officials also quickly diploma, no college degree not mixed big government. In fact, both the Government and the business elite, elite or have knowledge of the diploma. The business world there are still many people who have not gone to college, but the business has the upper read mostly university. .


In 1978, Deng Xiaoping's reform, understand that you want to make four modernization, leaving no professional intellectuals, it should be the liberation of intellectuals, Deng said: "the intellectuals were already part of the working class itself. "At that time, this is a political treatment, a political position, many intellectuals and heard the argument that, as soon as the tears were accepted, the working class is no longer an alternative and untouchable. Deng Xiaoping said this, nearly three decades, this three decades, the status of intellectuals in the rapid economic development in the market to upgrade, they are the elite, some of them were to become the capital elite, they are no longer part of the working class They also no longer part of anxiety is not a working class. Mao Zedong era, the end of the market economy and commodity production, capitalist tails are cut. After reform and opening up, open economic competition, entrepreneurs in the competition, as the social and economic elite, holding the national urban and rural areas more than 10 million enterprise class. In addition, the individual business has rapidly grown to several thousand households.The initial stages of fawning, is actually a kind of elitism, worship foreign elite world.


The results of elitist policy is clear, rapid economic development, wealth such as the magical land of gushing out from China's rapid growth as the world's big manufacturing country, China's material standard of living of all walks of life are continuing to improve. But at the same time, social conflicts have begun to accumulate, occupied a majority of the elite fruits of economic development, social class continue to divide the public was thrown behind. Not only economically, and in other areas also do so. Distribution is not fair! Populist style of anger began to ferment. At that time, the Internet expanded, it was populism provides a space to vent anger.The Internet is an out-and-out IT elite products, but it is a popular voice communication. I think it is ridiculous, the elites creation and control of the Internet, a populist, performer's greatest stage from the Internet, the elite and mass is to help each other, but in the media world, elite and mass confrontation is continuously being enhanced and shaping it. Who in shaping? not say we all know, this is a wide range of people with complex of populism.


Populism of the four principles, moral conscience, the underlying public, intellectuals and the public underlying the combination of most violent resistance of the elites in these attacks reflect varying degrees. Daughter of a family were officials in Guizhou, chasing the Internet, "is to kill as long as the local administrative officials, I applaud." They would not care whether those killed were innocent children and old people. They do not want to listen to this truth: Crime and Punishment, and only through a fair process of law, to sentence a person's death.Wu Jinglian, jiangping, Mao yushi to express their views on social issues, many Internet users just yells "you're going to die!" and "die with a brick in the dead man." This is called what? to sentenced Wu Jinglian and others to death?.


We may say that in the fierce economic competition, can not need the elite, can not worship the elite, the elite can not protect it? Looking at human history, the world all the great discovery and creation, not all elite few breakthroughs in it? If we say this because we see the elite of the creative and constructive side. Populism to safeguard the bottom right out of high positive values of social equality, but it also disrupts order, and destruction of the construction side, so I say it is half-demon half god.Elitism is not a pure and righteous, and it has a divinity of creative and constructive, but it is also possible to have a black, elitism is half-God half devil. Why say that?.


First, the elite group is quite a mixed bag, good and bad. Elite can be divided into the political elite, economic elite, intellectual elite and so on. Power elite in the political, economic, and social awareness on income, but higher than ordinary people. What is the political elite, senior official in the group. How do they get this high it? Some people are as moral and are prepared, there is the basis of performance. But there are many people rely on family background, obtained by means of bribery or other high-ranking officials were despicable place.Economic elites that rich people groups, some people rely on wisdom, luck and wealth creation, some people rely on collusion abusing its fortune, some by Rob scams fortune. Elite, too, rely on academic achievements have fame, rely on Government collusion and occupy high school. Some of the elite rely on the talent and hard-won wealth of knowledge to join their elite rely on buy body or soul, cheat and make a fortune. Powerful with famous groups is a confusion of grey group. When we use the elite to shape the creation and contribution to the legitimacy of the elite, to counter attacks on the elite groups, we sometimes feel embarrassed, when we come up with some good to excellent when the shield, we will know immediately there is a Heap bad guys running to hide behind. .


Furthermore, the elite have the impulse to self defense. Just like in the past the same bus, on the front, we yell and let us pick up later, when we hate someone crowd. Winners have raised the threshold, the conservative impulse to lessen competition. Climb into the elite circle, just like solidified their interests, the use of State power to suppress competition. The previous period, the film director Jia Zhangke on film directing to suppress the young director's fame was critical. All powers are easy to move toward corruption, political power, economic power, the power of discourse. Unfettered and supervision, the elite group is also very easy to ignore the mass, ignoring the suffering of the evil way. I said: "The great misfortune was invincible." This sentence is very important to the elite group. If a society's elite groups, unfettered, they will surely become a privilege and corruption, to exploitation, oppression and hurt people.These days "Southern weekend" reported that some parts of the coal mines in Shanxi province, in order to save money, to thousands of child labour, they like a slave forced to manage, these children are working, do not give money, just out, this is a completely new era in the coal mine of slavery! background political bosses, the Government does not. Black miners to make money, regardless of the child should live or die. From power and economic point of view, the officer or the black boss, they are upper income, they are "elite" it? We can deny that they are the elite, but can not be denied They are the upper right, this bastard son of a bitch, that it should not be convicted according to law? If the law also protects them, and that is what kind of law? Existence of such elites, it is no wonder that the rise of the social populism. This is the violence and the mob on the tyrant, the underlying sentiment against violence, all to be excited out.Although the reason we know that such a thing, only through the political and institutional reforms and the establishment of the rule of law to resolve, or to civil violence against the social consequences of the dark, or harm to most people. Political reform and the rule of law, it relies on the peaceful political protest, without relying on rational brave defenders action, however, people have the patience? Liberals freedom and the rule of law, in the face of the elite, always some plague, cohabitation, elite scum. Liberals believe that the privileges of democracy and the rule of law, eliminate corruption and evil is the right way, but such a system yet to come. .


Most recently, Mr. Mao yushi published the rich and the poor in order to get protection grew rich on the Internet users furious attack, called Mao yushi heartless rich, that is a powerful boost to the reality of injustice. Mr. Mao yushi said rich, refers to those creative combinations of factors of production, promoting economic growth and create employment opportunities for entrepreneurs. He saw the economic elite of constructive and creative, divine side, he's so worried that China's economic construction core creative forces by suppression and destruction. Internet users against him, accused the rich of heartless lawlessness, is to see the magic of the rich population of those who indulge. Disadvantages populist look at the rich, while the rich elitist is just look at the benefits, both are biased. In this sense, the spirit and rule of law from the national point of view, populism is not good, because it is more concerned about the distribution and not concerned about the creation of more rather than longer than the building in the critical damage. Elitism is not good, because it is more focus on protecting the rights while ignoring the lower the upper right, to create a social injustice and disharmony.Social transformation in China, the need is affirmative, populism, the establishment of human dignity, equality, equality before the law, equal access to education, access to the social equality of opportunities, we need is not a populist of bullies, and are guaranteed equal rights of the weak and strong.


In China, the privilege against the background of a market economy, the rise of elite groups always have a shadow process that Through privatization, the shadow of abuse of power. Political privileges to enter the market, rent-seeking by corrupt means, into a market monopoly interests of the civil service corruption, economic corruption, the academic behind the corruption, there is a political privilege hands. The existence and expansion of political privileges, the formation of China's irrational root causes of social differentiation. .


I'm more about elitism on the order, the rule of law, the creation and advancement of positive value and populist revolt. But historically, in addition to the populist revolt, not elitism revolt? of course, the elitism of revolt, the elite groups in some of the people revolted against the other part, is to represent the history of the direction of upward against the direction of impeding the historical upward. In 1215, King of England was forced to sign the Charter, this is the noble revolt in Britain. Elite rebels, there is a rule of law and order and internal links to some of the more moderate compromise. After all, elite adaptable, any time in any society, are often not the deprivation of the population, they are more moderate and rational. In 1642 the English Civil War, because of the large number of aristocratic elites involved, compared to the later French Revolution, the more moderate. 1789 French Revolution, was so violent, because the bottom of all involved in the community come in, so very violent. The American Revolution is not a populist revolution, but the U.S. elites against unreasonable elite British control, so the founding of the United States who are established in the community, is a high priority to protecting freedoms and rights and interests of the elite society.The United States is very interesting, it is the height of elitism, social elite, incentive elite worship, but at the same time, American society and populism, and its system constantly clear all privileges, clear all obstacles to fair competition, to protect civilians fairer competition. It is acknowledged that competitive level, but it is open to all levels of competition. It makes no privileges of elitism of development, but also to populism to violence. Mao's leadership of the revolutionary war, is typical of populist revolution, so it means great loneliness. Gang of Four, Deng Xiaoping, who smashed promote reform, is a typical conflict of the political elite, so leave room for people and things of the past will not cause the whole society of violence. From the point of view the overall interests of the Chinese people, the people to defend their right and bottom of the internal revolutionary elite is more important. Totalitarian, privilege is the source of all irrational and unfair, it is unfair to the people of the true elite group is also unfair for China is not sustainable development.If the elite do not distinguish between itself and the promotion of rational social change, not to clear political privileges and corruption, the elite groups of destiny will be sad, China's future will be volatile.


Mentioned this, I return to the "original sin" argument up. Both original sin argument, one that the entrepreneur is original sin, and to liquidation. One that the entrepreneur is not a sin, but a former power, made great contributions to China's economic development, to protect them, they are elitist camp. Obviously, the liquidation of original sin, are populist camp, they constantly demonizing entrepreneurs and intellectual elite, the rich wish to usher in a political campaign to suppress. I personally think that both are mythical half and half.The two sides of the divine nature instead of magic, then we need a portal in China that need a cleanup popular labourers'defending and elite consciously change. What is a portal to clean, to promote political reform, clear political and administrative privileges, the clear market unfair competition with the aim of promoting education fair, establishing of social security for vulnerable groups, and only in such circumstances, the elite and the people to actually walk a way, that is, there is a God of elitism, this is the rule of law and protection of free creation, populism has a divine nature, this is a fair distribution between divinity and should be combined. Elitism has an evil, which is privileged monopoly, polarization, populism has an evil, which is totalitarian violence, to many oppress the few, the two evil should be controlled. Elitism bound by fair competition, populism should be bound by the rule of law, this is a benefit of the Chinese way. ◇ liaison Mao Yuanxin. .


When it comes to Mao Zedong's closest confidant — co-ordinators yuanxin, cannot fail to mention Mao Mao Zedong's brother, is also the father of yuanxin to Mao Zedong's relationship. Whenever people are rarely economic expertise in his practice in Chen Yun, and Lin boqu, Wu Liang ping and Ruijin times our economic fields of the "three". Mao Zemin control the National Bank and National Economy Ministry and the mining of tungsten ore with the Guangdong warlord Chenjitang to steal the party to ensure the supply of Soviet history is legendary, but because Mao Zemin earlier sacrifice, so some of his stories have been also known, particularly He later assumed name is Bin Zhou, and Chen Tan officiated at the autumn I Party's united front work in Xinjiang, he used his special status, only took three years to make the financial stability of Xinjiang, and even far away in Moscow, Stalin is on the mystery The Ministry of Finance Deputy Director Deputy Director expressed sufficient interest.Yun Mao Zedong referred specifically to the people, he said: "Comrade Mao Zedong was a very good and practical economic expert, he is rare in the field of finance and economy. ”。.


More importantly, Mao Zemin Mao rarely listen to different views of the people inside. According to Mao Zemin's relatives recalled a time when Mao Zedong in temper, only Mao Zemin to pacify him, and when Mao Ning was ousted after the meeting, the two brothers had done the night was long talk, the content still unknown, but Later, Mao Zedong and Mao Yuanzhi own, Mao Yuanxin said: "Your father was a staunch communist warrior, I hope you learn from him." Mao Zedong's rarely talked about his other relatives and his own impressions of these relatives is the Yang Kaihui no exception.Especially after Mao Mao Zedong in Jiangxi province, those people, but I do not have double the work, as the opposition of Mao Ze-Dong won a certain reputation. It is particularly worth mentioning Mao Zedong several times on his first visit to Changsha school, is sold the House whenever people pig for his journey, and painstakingly picked pole to Mao Zedong, because in order to Mao Zedong, whenever people dropping out of school, Mao Zedong, as Mao brothers received the lowest one, whenever people and "spirit has always been highly commended by Mao Zedong. In 1966, Mao Zedong listened to Li Ne, Mao Yuanxin on Beijing, Harbin, when the Red Guard movement reports, Mao Zedong said: "Now the party like you (referring to Mao Yuanxin) father, not many people like the big picture , and are bent to go bourgeois line of people calling the shots. ". .


Whenever people were sent to the Xinjiang is actually set by Mao Zedong's "Yanan West approach" an important step forward towards the Soviet Union CAI to Stalin's understanding, Yan'an provides a relatively friendly attitude to partners. Whenever people were removed to play before Mao Zedong of the people outside economic competence (CAI raise economic aspects of personnel), and more importantly, Mao Zedong of the people and political background.


It is this layer of origin, many of the nephew of Mao Mao Yuanxin has always been a stigma on the specifications in the Min, rather, as has been well aware of Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing harsh temperament, so in a public occasion, Jiang Qing green eyes on Mao Yuanxin always a plus. Jiang Qing was the author said many times outside in the later Mao Yuanxin how to draw, which is inconsistent with historical facts, because there are indications that since 1954, Mao Zedong, has 17 offices in Beidaihe, a meeting, Mao Yuanxin the presence of times in the nine above, and Li Ne is the number of times as much.Mao yuanxin about apart from the cultural revolution at the beginning of a long passed the so-called maoyuan Chairman Mao and his nephew, the new law has been openly published smash the "gang of counterrevolutionary group of great historical significance of disclosure: Mao Zedong in 1970 and began delegating yuanxin as Northeast region, particularly in Liaoning province" Observer ", and since then, Shao Chen xilian, because keeping up with new high-speed promoted maoyuan. Among them, Chen Xilian publicly praise Mao Yuanxin in Liaoning good as the so-called revolutionary work in the leadership of a new "Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign," while Chen Xilian This was from Huang Yongsheng, Wu and others dissatisfied with constitutional law and reprimand. .


General sense, if Mao insisted, she did not dare to oppose, though her in some time, even in the very moment you can about Mao Zedong's on a certain matter, however, once the identity of the person or Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing only obey the truth, which is why Wang Dongxing and others do not is told, but has always occupied a prominent position. Therefore, maoyuan new flatter and Mao Zedong's culture are closely related.


Mao had personally asked Mao Yuanxin ambitions, Mao Yuanxin said: "want to take responsibility, to assume major responsibility for the revolution." If the same answer on other human beings, Mao probably not agree, however, is unexpected is that Mao Mao Yuanxin approval actually answer.According to Wang Dongxing memories of Mao yuanxin to please, please write them on a regular basis about Mao's writings and experiences of Lenin, his recitation, Mao Zedong's reading time by mouth, with the passage of time, Mao Zedong had reached the conclusion that: "there are some new theories, although not as spring bridge, wenyuan, but some people still strong. He was at the grass-roots level some valuable experience, this is some of our central master most lacking. ”。.


After the defeat Lin Biao, the military temporarily empty, Mao Yuanxin to a party, the military qualifications that are relatively low figures up to the army of Mao Zedong wrote an open recommended candidates. Can be seen, he was the status of the special. In September 1975 after Mao Zedong's health has deteriorated to Mao himself to decide and choose Mao Yuanxin for the Central Political Bureau and a liaison between themselves.It is important to note that this is exactly what plum-before and after the formal reason for the body to exit from the political arena, as the Beijing Municipal CPC Committee Secretary LI-unable to continue to play her special status, leaving a vacuum filled by yuanxin soon, but this is beyond the liaison officers within the basic norms of political life at that time had access to the system of the political Bureau adopted by consensus. In this respect, the new place of Deng Xiaoping Maoyuan, Wang hongwen, Ye Jianying et al., as Mao's last two years, the first VIP.


According to Li Xiannian and others recall, we know that in 1976 the previous meeting of the Central Political Bureau and arrange matters is the first thing the latest from the highest Mao Mao Yuanxin convey instructions, and all present at the meeting of the Political Bureau members, alternates and observers are coming expansion can only "hear the lecture," popping up. Then, is the presiding officer position, how to implement the President's instructions and so on. Mao Yuanxin once arrogant, he told himself: "I just flashed a few remarks the President of one month is enough to learn them."The fact is, including the established successor Hua Guofeng included, is looked up the anti-authoritarian, maoyuan new only Deng Xiaoping in March 1976 by Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Zhang chunqiao, JI dengkui, maoyuan new help panel meeting with yuanxin contradict themselves, and that affair led directly to the then famous yuanxin Remonstrance and wind problems.


45 After the incident came out, Mao Yuanxin, Chen Xilian command Liaoning, one arrested more than 680 people, and the entire event a total of 45 arrests but also the total number of 2145, of which accounted for nearly one-third of Liaoning proportion. So that Ye Jianying said: "Tiananmen Square is in Beijing, right?" After the death of Mao Zedong, Mao Yuanxin Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong during his lifetime was "great humility" in the name of the request of the Central Committee Political Bureau, Mao Yuanxin to consider the qualifications and Politburo members attended the meeting qualifications, Hua Ye Jianying, Wang Dongxing fought back the support of Jiang Qing.Prior to this, no matter who is in Hua Guofeng support did not dare do so blatant antagonism from her observations, not to mention is for co-ordinators yuanxin..


Since Mao Yuanxin appointed as liaison officers, the very despotic, not only Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, who swallow, even the gangster always lawless are greatly dissatisfied, he said Zhang Chunqiao and others: "He (Mao Yuanxin ) a little too arrogant, my Vice-Chairman of the CPC Central Committee how it was, when I was in the Federation Secretary, he was wrong? "and started fostering Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao even remained silent, afraid to stand. This shows that the camp in the Gang of Four, Mao Yuanxin also many enemies.This bit is Mao Zedong had repeatedly praised liaison if not be captured by Hua Guofeng and others, he may not be the final outcome is a hospice.


◇ Purges expert Kang Sheng. .


Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in access after China referred to the Kosei impression, it is clear that he did not believe that this looks what sank the old number theorist, on the contrary, he would take it that the Kosei more like the Soviet Union era of the famous big cleaning executioner leaf. Leaf if he was in the Soviet Union 1936 to 1938 cleansing climax – House of bile war scared people members of leader, he was in 1930, does little to 1935 enter there were only three members of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee (the other two is Stalin and Zhdanov). Ezhov the notorious big purge of the Soviet Union killed 30,000 people personally approved, he was the highest political office to the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee Politburo alternate member and Chairman of the Committee and the Central Party Committee Chairman clear, but the deprivation is so , Ezhov can not and revisionism during the Cultural Revolution with big fighters, "Kang old" par.Kosei party for brighter future is rare, he was called Kang also because his old party qualifications are rare, and, if the husband was persecuted, 000 in the cultural revolution in manufacturing Kosei "party" tragedy in direct persecution of the innocent people, as well as party members and cadres of up to 30 million persons, including death up 16222. If the IP and the public is simply not worth mentioning.


Chen Boda, Kang Sheng look down, he was once very much appreciate the great Mao scholar scoffed, calling him "President House Wulong" (Chen Boda head of the Marxist-done), but we rarely see what is handed down Kang's theory masterpiece, the only cost of great efforts to handle the Selected Works of Lin Biao was edited because of September 13 incident abortion. Kang Sheng is to the party some of the theorists, the more the stay in the oral rather than written, and his theory of the rich oral, the vicious, the pull off well than those who document severe head many times since.One has to work together and Kosei 13 years and older zealous evaluation Kosei: "this humanity cannot trouble, Vu does not get fired, but the various historical periods that emulates a persecuting people barely missed him, and each time the struggle within the party, he is the winner man, even during the ' old ' knacks Changle than he. "Now down to the photo we can see in Yan'an, Mao Zedong and face kind, humble Kosei with signs of problems, this deep-China stone's theory of" the magician "once it is set aside the overwhelming majority of people on the occasion of the imminent disaster.


Kang himself said: "In China there are two shortcut engaged in political, one for people matchmaker, matchmaker because people would do thank you for life; one is doing teacher, his students, so the expanded wings." Kang Sheng Su Ayutthaya, known to deep, heartfelt words of reveal that, although rare, is not unique, there are memories Rui Kang Sheng in the first such Lushan National People's Congress session, and Tian Jiaying air their grievances through the description.However, the heart of the so-called Kosei have a common characteristic, the basic no subject, no specific taunt landed in the hands of the listener, on the contrary, this time to sing and has often been said to grasp, but said that the key will have no hesitation immediately thrown out, as one of the counts of the listener. Kosei above talk of Mao Zedong's former assistants ' philosophy is a good example.


If Shi Zhe, Tian Jiaying, Mao Zedong, Deng Tuo, the three different periods loved the relationship between objects and Kang Sheng to be a necessary explanations, we will find that many of the side of Kang Sheng. .


Normal-once and Mao Zedong's relationship is very good, good to great to talk with two people at their pedigree, Mao Zedong and the teachers-all have a common characteristic, it is early days are on their mother's supporters and opponents of the father, so when normal wise about his mother, kind, hardworking, Mao Zedong was a very emotional responses, such political life hovering in a whirlpool of Mao Zedong and not much to see. Of course, Shi Zhe this pampered signal did not escape Kang Sheng's discernment, Kang Sheng tried all contacts Shi Zhe, as common in the Soviet Union, life experiences, Kang Sheng and Shi Zhe "common language" and ultimately, in addition, Hong survivors sent to the then extravagant milk products, bread and Shi Zhe share.As one of his teachers was the former General Secretary of the philosophy of the Communist International delegation in the second figure of reference, have more ' philosophy to feel the warmth of Kosei lies in subsequent rectification movement, Kosei once a personally approved is found is the spy who separate penalties such as shooting, imprisoned, and was executed on the master list of Che's brother, Kosei know, immediately threw, this method applied at Kosei is rare.


Tian Jiaying the most appreciated and praised Mao Tse-tung, the Hong Tian Jiaying Fuchu Health is a regular, two from time to time talked about a variety of interesting topics, the atmosphere is very harmonious, Tian Jiaying Kang Sheng is called "East Sea saints" As for how kind of compliment Kang Sheng Tian Jiaying Although not known, however, recall data from the present point of view, some comparison is unavoidable if nauseating. Another first to propose the party of Mao Zedong Thought scholar Kang Sheng Deng Tuo was once the companion of archaeological science Alley, Kang Deng Tuo because students enjoy the learning of the stone, often invited Kang was born at home watching all kinds of antiques, two big increase on their own experience talked about, exhilaration. .


However, these three men, when they are no longer classified into political circles, the core of Kosei then showed great "outrage", the latest in Mao Zedong's Division of philosophy was later Kosei framed that put into prison, from qincheng from Kosei "care," personally, three from a pack of events by Mao Zedong's dissatisfaction jiaying soon receive Kosei slight, jiaying if it is not a suicide, it is difficult to escape the Kosei on his attack. Deng Tuo did not even commit suicide to escape Kang Sheng on his "liquidation", Deng Tuo's antique collection of health care in part by Hong raid of the rebels transported to a designated place, then covered by Kang Sheng seal his collection "impartial" acquire them for themselves. And Deng Tuo Shiguweihan, Kang Sheng Deng Tuo gave several top labels to long to produce a complete. Only three out of intact Shi Zhe Kang Sheng's turn against record after the merciless, the other two only in heaven receive. .


◇ Thinkers Zhang chunqiao.


Mao Zedong, although he never said he was a thinker, but his heart will not deny this, and this point no one to deny. However, long hair do not think the party could be awarded this title, many people, he said: "We really know how to party, and Marxism-Leninism is not a lot, so that bogus Marxist to lie for years." this statement in 1966 that, when referring to Liu Shaoqi, said in 1971 when the then refers to Chen Boda.However, both the 1966 and 1971 Mao Zedong says Zhang chunqiao, he has to say: spring bridge is qilu hero, is our party's rare thinkers. But many around squiring recreational to death is just a theorist. Visible, Mao Zedong Zhang chunqiao's expectations of the deep.


Zhang Chunqiao as early as the mid-five years have been some of the founding of Mao Zedong's idea started after the system was studied, using his own words: "read" Red Star over China "decided to follow the President to eat hot pepper, dried revolution." Zhang Chunqiao I never eat chili, but, because of Mao's eating habits, Zhang Chunqiao actually practice eating chili, and even on the beaches of the Venerable Xu Xu Jingxian all three try to figure out on Zhang's effort to express my sincere admiration.Later, the central authorities responsible for staff Xuzhou jingxian ad zhangting revealed that one of Zhang chunqiao in Shanghai head often blocks the recitation of Mao Zedong's speech in Mao Zedong's twice visited Shanghai, Shanghai Municipal Party Committee hearing on Shanghai and East China bourgeois ideology and dynamic reports, Mao on the young Minister impressed. Subsequently, the Secretary of Mao Zedong to the region include Ko, Wang Shi Li jingquan is arduous and said: there is a scholar in Shanghai, told Zhang chunqiao, writing good, political culture, the nose is worth.


For the first time after the Lushan Conference, Mao Zedong once said on the Ke Qingshi: Secretary to the election right, not easy, that I think I am better than you, boat, Li Rui are against me, and Zhang Chunqiao to support you. Can be seen, when Mao Zedong had already Zhang's view the emergence of new changes. Shandong scholar who identified the backbone of the proletarian camp. .


Anting event handler has finished, Mao Zedong or so said: the key bridge in spring time, always taking into account the interests of the proletariat, and Tao Zhu always master of interest one, always has, in our party to its hundreds of years, the spring bridge had flair. Then, Tao Zhu Jiang Qing was instructed to convey, Mao's speech this section, the Party finally saw tall Zhang chunqiao weight.


In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Chunqiao has been unwilling to make a setoff only for he has revealed the situation to his own. In particular, and Tan Zhenlin, Li Xiannian the dispute, although Zhang's leadership, I reflect with sufficient economic layman, but it has repeatedly affirmed by Mao Zedong, in November 1966, Mao Zedong and Zhang's comments on Tan Zhenlin express their views opposing : "Comrade Chen Lin veteran, however, there are empirical, it is to teach children s daughter, or son to teach s daughter? I see is the child taught San Niang.Spring Bridge views worth of State officials, why I like doing Lords rather continue to listen to the voice of the masses? "Li xiannian subsequently apologized to Zhang chunqiao, Zhang understanding Tan Zhen Lin Mao Zedong is proud of the dependents of the rejected Zhang gave him to olive branch, then counter-current in February, has finally given piece of sufficient retaliation. Mao Zedong once accused Tan Zhenlin angry: "You have joined the Party for decades Well, how do? You have lived a 60-year-old, how do?" (That was for Tan Zhenlin said he should not join the party for decades, and lived more than 60 years of argument) then, Mao continued: "You Tan Zhenlin on the economy, focus on agriculture and forestry is not clever I think, last month's report I read, you are still before the set, there is no Gangjumuzhang ah ? I see no ah. Chunqiao remind you why you do not pay attention? I see you are a revolutionary reform to his head, unwilling Trousers dropping Well."(Mao Zedong in 1967, the CPC Central Committee and co-Chair of the Central cultural revolution meet meeting) of the older generation of three-four handsome this thoroughly understand the attitude of Mao for Zhang chunqiao, however, some late, because they have begun to leave a review.


However, the Lin Biao group did not draw enough experience and lessons, but also a blow to this re-start. .


Lin Biao was initially prized Guan, Liu Zhijian, Xiao hua, Lin Biao in deals with political candidates, pointed out: "Luo ronghuan, politics no good, strong wind, the temple 小妖 Tan Zheng's historic contributions resist me, but also to resist the other leaders of the Central, Xiao hua is dead at home, everything is listening to Luo Ruiqing, don't listen to Chairman Mao, do not listen to me. The Prime Minister said he would not listen. Guan feng has been wearing the uniform of a scholar is red scholar. "Therefore, the appointment of Jeffrey Lin Biao had been endorsed, as Deputy Director and even future gateway as Director. General Political Department is not Lin's site, but also to Lin Biao had been prepared to win the territory, a number of Lin Biao and the PLA General Political Department Director is not getting along very well. Lin himself said before: I for many years prominent political, political control of military, however, the General Political Department, and I always opposing, strange Well. However, until his death of Lin Biao, General Political Department of the seal has not been to the Lin Biao and Mao Zedong. Guan Feng's end is the point of the Wang Guan Qi was arrested three people each have their own reasons, and the Commissioner Lin Feng's arrest and the trust is directly related, which is directly lethal Guan Feng Zhang Chunqiao. .


The earliest observed Lin Biao Zhang chunqiao ready to win over Guan Wang Li, and thus win Chen Boda's intention has always been the central interior of the cultural revolution, old explorers Lin Tao Zhu, Wang is arduous, Liu Zhijian and representatives of the Regional Council of Guo Yingqiu, who fell in the future, Jiang Qing, Chen Boda, Kosei and Wang Guan Qi that sent, which has always been the Yu Qi follow her, however, due to the exclusion of Qi Wang Dongxing, ultimately the Yu victims. The key is to cling to Wang Mao, Kang Sheng, Wang larger ambition, he is always guided by Deng Xiaoping, Peng Zhen, who boasted, so, soon fell out of favor, but Wang is one of those who appreciated Chen Boda Wang power collapse, Chen Boda actually do nothing, as related front, the old men is one of Chen Boda, Lin Biao, Chen Boda that can reach out, but, Guan Feng arrested, Lin 有苦说不出 simply can not with assistance, while Lin Biao and Zhang Chunqiao The grudges are resulting. Law of the Constitution of the Wu Lin, who said: "Do not underestimate some of conspirators, the President hundred years, they want to stir up trouble then."Unfortunately, this sentence in the subsequent nine exploded regional discussions were poked out wufaxian, Lin Biao Zhang chunqiao fought against a total attack order.


Mao Zedong set two deliberate Zhang's authority. First, the Lushan meeting on the genius of the discussion, Mao Zedong first to tone through to the sheets, so only the so Wu Faxian, Xu Shiyou, Li Zuopeng, Hun Sen Chu, who was furious the phrase "ironic" one said later, Hun Sen Chu and other general and Lin Biao were protected as independent clearance, and protection of people turned out Zhang Chunqiao. Turning to the constitutional law, who is naturally the people behind the scenes to pursue a. This preparatory work in advance in addition to Jiang Qing, Xie Fu governance and a handful of people know, even Kang Sheng, Chen Boda, Zhou Enlai, were kept in the dark. Moreover, Lin Biao it.Mao Zedong was beaten Lin Biao and Biao victory with the exposure of the Group prematurely are directly associated with the firepower. Zhang chunqiao is certainly not a reason for Mao lin turn, however, but to Mao Zedong provides a very good material, Zhang chunqiao, take this down with her focus of Chen Boda is also a very effective sale.


The second time was after the death of Lin Biao, criticize Lin Biao. At that time, Zhou Enlai, Kang advocacy group in the central body (head is Kang) meeting and greeting the Political Bureau, stressed the award was left, approved far-left. However, Zhang Chunqiao later in the "People's Daily" on actually loud opposition, said: Anti-left can not do without boundaries, can not be exaggerated, nothing extreme left. Only the far right. Later, to meet Chou En-lai were all varying degrees of criticism was, and Zhang Chunqiao once again the so-called truth in disguise. Directly behind the donor was Mao Zedong.Wang Dongxing had not I get jealous of that Zhang chunqiao: "spring bridge comrades theoretical level is very high, is our party's Zhuge Liang. ”。.


Zhang Chunqiao from nine to ten under the support of Mao Zedong, soared, while his position however, the Politburo Standing Committee and vice premier, but power is very impressive, even in his name before Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Ye Jianying, Li Desheng , Wang, etc. In fact, not in his eyes. The most telling is that, when Hua Guofeng will be entrusted with the task of the time, Mao Yuanxin to convey the maximum number of instructions actually to Hua Guofeng major issues over and Chunqiao consultation. .


Mao Zedong was Zhang chunqiao wrote "feeling" after he did not get angry and annoyed, but Jiang Qing Zhang chunqiao, said to comfort their own problems, to Mao Zedong's status and prestige, could accommodate Zhang chunqiao complaining, visible, Zhang's hot.


The reason why Mao Zedong Zhang Chunqiao value, in addition to closely follow the outside and kind words Jiang Qing, the most important is that he is most clearly understand the intention later years of Mao Zedong as a person. Later, Hua Guofeng Zhang Chunqiao on the evaluation is to illustrate the problem, he said: "Hua Guofeng is an opportunist, sooner or later ruin the outcome of the President of the great revolution." If the catastrophe from the perspective of the end of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang's comments Nature is a fallacy, but, according to Mao's continuous revolution under the leadership of the proletariat on the point of view, Zhang was very predictable.In addition, the mastermind of Changsha complain is Zhang chunqiao, Zhang chunqiao has been strongly opposed to Deng Xiaoping's comeback, according to Wang Dongxing memories later, Zhang chunqiao repeatedly expressed to Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao in fact is more likely to threaten the success of the cultural revolution. Mao Zedong later go down with Deng Xiaoping Zhang chunqiao, referred to quote of this.


Zhang Chunqiao was arrested, said Li Xiannian this passage, it is worth pondering: "Zhang Chunqiao is the Political Bureau of the 'tyrant', he said things we did not dare argue, can not be refuted, because we do not know NOT true it is his, Naju Hua is the President. "This shows the relationship between Mao and Zhang Chunqiao. .


◇ Eagle certified canine Xie Fu.


Xie Fu Party and the government has been a mystery, like the military in the history of one of the people, because the earlier death, so that some activities or did not begin, however, because of his importance and role of the superb skills in the Cultural Revolution, so we increasingly willing to look broadly invested in the military merit but exceptionally important political figure and the minions of Mao Zedong in his later years who rarely came. .


1. Xie Fu Zhang guotao and. ..


Xie Fuzhi and Wu Defeng, Huang Zhiyong, Daiji Ying and others were all the way over from the Red Army era revolutionaries, and are well-known experts in the whole person, but thank these people have a rich government and different, Wu Defeng although the whole vicious people, but later After the liberation Dayimieqin, because law enforcement killed his younger brother; Daiji Ying is a Martyrs, and, after liberation he had many times to review the error, there is no similar mistakes; Huang Zhiyong just a mad dog-like figure, not form deterrent.But the treatment is not only rich Hsieh chest deep, and audacious, harden your hearts, either, even if such a wily Kosei who died on Xie Fu is fear. However, the earliest discovery of talents is not Zhang guotao Mao, but instead.


Xie Fuzhi position in the Fourth Army was very prominent, so that Red Fourth Army General Political Department, Organization Department, Sichuan and Shaanxi Provincial CPC Organization Department. Ministers of the Organization is a former confidant and one of the Huangchao Ping Zhang Guo-level, the latter is to monitor the Sichuan-Shaanxi provincial party committee secretary of the Fu-minute jianjun. The many revolutionaries in the Fourth Army has not seen in Xie Fuzhi figure, then his credit from where are they? . .


According to existing red four front Union data record "and the Ministry of public security with regard to the internal adjustment and Xie Fu treatment history file and confirmation of TSE in rich in cultural revolution by circular and other materials we can see, rich in red four front army accountable period mainly cleaning inside the military and stations shall not force of cadres and provides a list of evidence and cleaning. In this context, the "Red Fourth Army Purges Data Record" pointed out: "Xie Fu rule in Zhang Guo's instigation, respectively XJ Shen, who has had students, Wang Sheng, Xu Xiangqian, Fu Zhong issue in detail in the report, and proposed the so-called Zhang Guotao to deal with all dare to fight against the measures taken by the central intention of the most severe measures, which he actively cooperate with the people collecting and framing Xu Xiangqian Huang Chaodeng comrades, Comrade Fu Zhong, Wang Sheng comrades materials, such despicable means to take something out of nothing on the above improper handling of comrades to act, declared the event training is the best way to explain the problem, in addition, together with Huang Chao Xie Fuzhi, Lee Special to the commanders over a large number of teachers to monitor, track。 Xie Fu treatment up with ' to doubt everything ' reactionary slogan, got the thumbs up, Zhang guotao Zhang guotao in four designs political meeting repeatedly praised Xie Fu treatment is the ' sharp awl '. "(The book of 152 pages) and from there we can see, Xie Fu treatment in four designs in the work of a large number is internal to your organization, so this and Super Monster and others. Thus, in the ensuing liquidation Zhang guotao, Xie besides bartered, because there is no direct involvement in the killing of Mr jixun et al., therefore, there is no blood relative. To be an easy ride, but on the other hand because of Mao's efforts to protect, Xie Fuzhi only temporary, switched to a bit of work where it has not been substantial denounce. Subsequently, the Anti-Japanese Army Xing, Yang Xie Fuzhi again also. .


As regards TSE rich in liquidation process of Zhang guotao's crimes, also described in detail below.


2. Xie Fuzhi and Mao. .


Xie Fu conquer pieces by Mao Zedong, precisely because he's discovered Zhang guotao's crimes. Although the four front army came to the Grand place and Zhang guotao Li xiannian, Xu Shiyou et al., however, really close to the Organization of confidential and personal core also only Xie Fu treatment if a hyper-lite, thanks rich rule half brains, but also not die in Xinjiang.


Hsieh Fu rule on the merits, in a lot of literature is no longer mentioned, Zhang Guo things are not taboo, but because the rich rule and the dreams of the TSE, there is no need for him enumerate gracefully, once, in the textbooks, even Chen Xiebing Mission words have been canceled. However, today we look back on this time of history, indeed it is inevitable that such abnormal Xie Fuzhi important people.In the comrade Zhang guotao's wrong decision "very rarely referred to the phrase:" behind the party comrade Zhang guotao among regions warlord, many comrades including Chen Chang Hao Xu xiangqian,, Wang shusheng, Xie Fu dead comrade resist ... According to Xie Fu dead comrades reveal, Zhang guotao for Central has always say …. "Visible, treatment to expose rich Zhang guotao registrant does have sufficient performance.


In Yan'an, Zhu De, Liu Zhang Guo revealed the organization of the military line wrong, now also referred to thank once again rule the rich material provided. Chu said: "Comrade Xie Fuzhi provided some evidence that Zhang Guo intractable leftist opportunist line error ... ...." The most authoritative is Mao's speech. .


Mao Zedong in central political Bureau help educate Zhang guotao work meeting: "the effect of the errors, Comrade Zhang guotao's many comrades ' soldier. Front-rear, so that many people do not know where his dangerousness, however, Xie Fu dead comrades in this regard is doing a lot of good work …. "There is no doubt that these useful work must be on Zhang guotao's fatal blow.


After all these years later, in the Yan'an Rectification Movement meeting, Mao Tse-rich re-mentioned rule, he said: "We Communists have frank bosom, had the error not afraid to be courageous enough to correct mistakes, such as Xie Fuzhi comrades, also suffered Zhang Guo The deception, however, he not only corrected the error, also helped rescue the party Central Committee, and some are still errors in the other good Tong Zhi Zhao confused. "Gengjiakeyi this Hua Xie Yue Ming Zhang Guo Guo Cheng Fu governance in Suo Zai consolidation set of contribution . .


It is precisely because of the treatment of stubborn Xie Fu, thus once again gained the trust of Mao Zedong, he was the starting point towards new laid the Foundation.


3. Xie Fuzhi of "meritorious services." .


But the real cure for rich thanks to demonstrate his great destruction and enough subtlety and finesse you lies after 1959.


Lushan meeting, Luo outgoing Minister of Public Security, the nomination of candidates selected in addition to Minister of Public Security Yang Chengwu, Yang Yong, Zhang Ji-Chun, and others, there Zong Xun. However, Mao Zedong direct pick up a pen, wrote: "The rich rule comrades how? Please tell me what the Politburo meeting." This seems to be to discuss a matter of fact tone tells the Liu Shaoqi and others, Hsieh Fu governance is the perfect candidate.Xie Fu treatment, if elected, Mao Zedong's other member explained: "the police work is important, however, you cannot always front inside out, to engage in all corners, Peng Dehuai they military Club, not Marxism-Leninism, rich treatment is the four designs, however, his loyalty to the party is able to withstand the test of history, have any questions please contact me at any time. "(Long live the Mao Zedong thought" 1972 people publishing 123 pages).


And Xie Fu rule after taking office, really let us down, he not only left a strong impression of Mao Zedong, but also to protect the Kang Sheng, Lin Biao contacted, so that increasingly consolidated his position. .


Kosei in Shanghai period have always said that it was not clear, he was arrested and then actually Zhao Yong soon release event, this issue Su Soseki Rao with, respectively, and spoke of Mao Zedong, especially when East Soseki Rao, specifically designed for this investigation, and the material directly to Mao Zedong, however, this instruction but in 1960, very strange, but, or directly granted Xie Fu. Xie Fuzhi undertook a mission south, took some time to make new conclusions, new conclusions in the end of 1965, Mao Zedong put it to the Kang Sheng, Kang Sheng grateful inexplicable, by Jiang sent a message to Mao Zedong: "The President said that what I do, I will always be the President of a veteran. "and then met with the Red Guards in the south Jiudou Wang Renzhong delegation, Kang Sheng Xie Fuzhi front face, said such words implied some sense:" the rich rule comrades experienced, sharp-eyed, not confused by appearances, in fact, he is our party's outstanding representatives of elimination in front of it. "famous revolutionaries of experts from the mouth of the party's assessment is clearly very important。 While at the same time allowing the terror, Kosei thanks rich rule clearly grasp the material than he saw more background to Kosei, he does not know what is the purpose of the Summit of Mao Zedong. Whereas the representatives of the TSE-treatment of forces, Kosei is clearly better.


Lu Dingyi is Liu Shaoqi or Mao Zedong in 1959 before the propaganda front of the voice, when he a part-time secretary of the Central Propaganda Department chief, Minister of Culture, the Deputy Prime Minister and Politburo alternate member, to become one of the best hot ideological field the great, but his wife Yan Wei Bing is attracted to him again and again to trouble. Monte Cristo is the pseudonym of cases detected in the hands of Xie Fuzhi, in fact, this is not a difficult thing, the key is Xie Fuzhi do this favor to the Jiang Qing, a representative of the swimming pool and Maojiawan contact Jiang Kai machine.From then on, she is no longer the general rule as Xie Fu comrades, but Chairman Mao "proletarian command loyal soldiers". For more on Dr. Lin Biao undoubtedly rich in treatment show plenty of enthusiasm. Nine preparatory meeting, Lin Biao died rich Hsieh proposed entering the Politburo, of course, he knows that this is also the meaning of Mao Zedong.


Wang Guangmei project in addressing the issue, Jiang Qing is the name of consultant, in fact, is the soul, but decided to deal with power directly to Jiang Qing Xie Fuzhi I was, therefore, in the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing to "extend my highest salute the proletarian revolution," when Jiang tell the truth: "There is no rule comrades rich insight and detection capabilities, I was very insignificant." arrogant remarks of Jiang Qing, the moment is not accidental. .


4. Xie Fu dead people.


Xie Fuzhi ruthless side deeply appreciated by Mao Zedong, Zeng Tao Zhu was recalled Mao Zedong's on her many years of a follow Mao Zedong's vision of comrades Mao Zedong, after observation, she said: "The President is not really like Tao Zhu, Tao Zhu is an important because feelings of people. "The Voice of foreign words is not self-evident. But it is clear that Xie Fuzhi reason beyond the so-called revolution revolutionary feelings, so was able to in the history of the two large whirlpool to get the "new." .


In the heyday of Braised Bay most, Xie Fu treatment is the Lin Biao couple told wufaxian flown crabs, HKSAR Chief did not forget to thank rich, Liu Xiang screen couples sent and received the gift of Deputy Commander, Xie Fu treatment also have to be hurriedly House, are very close. However, in the treatment of Mao Zedong's command Xie Fu Wing WONG, Xie Fu treatment not only very hard, and provides very strong evidence. Lushan meeting, Yongsheng times and told a poem, that is not the first "hang gray, cold Shandong original Liu study." And talking about objects, including Hun Sen Chu, Wang Bicheng, Xu Shiyou, and others, including Xu Shiyou, Hun Chu made the necessary explanations. Mao Zedong has been kept in mind, the famous southern tour speech was also specifically referred to this poem, Huang Yongsheng, Mao Zedong said: "I do not believe, Huang Yongsheng will be able to command of the PLA, the PLA who hears him? Some people say I is the Emperor, I hope I die sooner they die a good power ah."(The crushing Lin Biao, the gang of counterrevolutionary group" people's publishing house, 1977), after the death of Lin Biao and Mao Zedong's deliberately let yellow Yongsheng in the General staff declared that notice of the Lin Biao fled, according to the witness recalled that the report was read Yongsheng words out, three degrees is wrong. Mao Zedong said I heard, but to taste.


Lin Biao group in the process of elimination, Xie rich rule and the very ill, but insisted he had been ill and the deployment of Mao dragged the instructions to the Lin Biao, Huang Yongsheng the final blow. Especially the layout of the distribution of a large number of police on duty at the designated locations, though did not play any specific role, but still acknowledged by Mao Zedong. With Zhou Enlai acknowledged that careful thought Xie Fuzhi comrades, outstanding ability. Since Dr Fu's ill treatment, Mao Zedong had enabled Wuzhong, Li Desheng, Wu and others as a backup, but they were told, when we come across can be resolved through discussion with the comrades of the rich rule and told the Prime Minister know. .


Jiuyisan after the incident, Xie Fu dead letter to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, demonstrating their own political attitude, then, in the words of President Jiang Qing, appreciated highly enriched with dead comrades. class consciousness.


Hsieh Fu Jiang governance is deeply aware of the importance of Mao Zedong, so once the Jiang camp trouble, Xie Fuzhi always the first appearance, to spare no effort to apply, such as sub-Peng Yao Yao father a traitor events, Zhang Chunqiao mutiny incident, his wife, Li WJ, Xie Fu is the first time deployed governance, emergency quell dissent, this won the high regard Jiang Qing. So, despite inviting Xie Fuzhi Tianchong alone, but was never camp Lengjian from Jiang Qing. Xie Fuzhi although it can not be compared with Zhou Enlai a pivotal role, but he has been from Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing, the recognition of different directions. .


It can be said that if the rule does not die rich Hsieh, top ten, the position of Li has likely is Xie Fu treatment.


Xie Fu governance as the political life of Mao Zedong's later years are an important part of the expansion in the Cultural Revolution, though, but it was formed in Yenan, recalled another killer of a class of people Kang Sheng's gradually died, we can easily see Mao in his later years of political The development trend of the effort. .


Opening:.


S While Learning, exhilaration. .


A friend coming from afar.


People do not not resentful of it not almost a gentleman. .


Interpretation:.


Educated, often can be realized. Ambitious, often able to blossom. Is a very pleasant experience. .


In the realization of the vision, if there are a number of like-minded comrades fighting side by side with you. It is very fortunate.


But when no one knows when your hard work and ambition, but not resentment of others, not hostility. As regular as the celestial bodies, like the earth as all inclusive. .


The so-called "section, the superior. Terrain-Kun,. ”。.


With that regulate the family prepared. You can enter the golden mean of ancient Chinese philosophy of harmonious world. Taipei's Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall. In the Memorial Hall kindly face, plain Chiang Kai-shek, peaceful sitting hall inscribed the six characters behind: Science, democracy, ethics. His last words simple, fair, wise, hit the Chinese mainland ills. Actually build a harmonious society in Chinese core. .


And Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek was also the 20th century's most far-reaching. In the mid-1970s, I graduated from high school, witnessed Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek's last days of life. At that time, people living in the fast-changing living history, is one of the class struggle and routes in the struggle to turn the power on the eve of seemed panic. Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek's life in a painful era in this era of justice and evil, benevolent and power, light and dark, sophisticated and brutal dazzling resolution, while living in China is non-learning into that black and white confuses right and wrong, Arowana mixed, unpredictable true and false. .


Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), formerly known as Ivan, Chiang Kai-shek, Kai-shek, who, with his ancestral hometown in Zhejiang Fenghua Yixing, Jiangsu Province. His name is taken from the book of changes "," Henan "GUA six second lines of the original meaning of the words:" Chiang Kai-shek, the Kai-shek. "Chiang Kai-shek in the era of sizeable affluence, began as a small King, love, a vindication of the world, save China's ambition, dedication, tempers the tenacity of strong character. Society, he and Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, very appreciated by Mr. Mr. Chiang Kai-shek's impression is: just as intense disdain.


1840, the imperialist powers invaded China again, China do not understand things like a calf, repeated repairs, bullying. After the Qing Dynasty in China, warlord, times of hardship. Is the Chiang Kai-shek led the Chinese people, with imperialism, rural forces have waged a tenacious struggle, military uniform white horse, was only 41 years old on the unity of the divided China. .


After the unification of China, and Chiang Kai-shek's side continued to ride on the battleground, and internally split to split China, all of the central forces to lead the fight on the side of the Chinese people in an orderly manner in the glorious decade building, from the imperialist powers in the hands of the Hankou concession recovery, recover, Weihai city, Shandong province, China's customs authority.


Summer 1937, began full-scale invasion of Japanese imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek led the Chinese people in an extremely difficult domestic and international environment, tirelessly against Japanese imperialist aggression. Even in the most difficult period of World War II, he did not hesitate to resist the U.S. pressure on him to surrender military power, and write the Chinese nation independent and self-epic history page. .


In November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek on behalf of China to attend the meeting in Cairo. On the Chinese people, the meeting with epoch-making significance, because this is the first Chinese leaders to equal status with the Western powers leaders sit together a common vision of the world. This Conference not only for the recapture of the Japanese occupation in China, well after the war, China's great power status, wash the shame of a hundred years.


Once upon a time, Chiang military uniform straight, eyes sharp, handsome. He led the Chinese people beaten to reverse the situation a hundred years to defeat those who stand proud among the nations in the world. .


Is he, China's international status, show to the world of Chinese etiquette shouwang tongues. In August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek's speech, called on the Chinese people "defeated Japan, John".


However, the KMT strive for hegemony, the military defeat Chiang Kai-shek. To help people recuperate, to ensure that the Republic of China's state system, he was on Jan. 21, 1949 step down and retire Zhejiang Xikou reflection to Communist peace talks. Intoxicated at the time of Mao Zedong "and see eras," the excitement, the murderous, do not care about people's suffering, there is no peace in good faith, demands punishment of war criminals, all of the KMT anti-Japanese hero vividly standings. Oct. 1, a beautiful and sad fall of regime change in The People's Republic of China in Beijing.Chiang Kai-shek is now living in Guangzhou Dongshan plum village, 32, Chen JI-Tong mansion, tons of deciduous trees, going to the elements, and sadly missed. Nine months, he sits watching helplessly fall approximation, Acting President Li Tsung-jen weak, without war, the fall of Nanjing, Shanghai, Fuzhou.


Two months after the December 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek of the most tragic day of his life. The winter haze had enveloped the earth, the rumble of artillery smashed the PLA Chengdu, Sichuan, humid calm. Rare poetry of Chiang Kai-shek, an upsurge of emotion, tears brush wrote: revolution into a difficult Indignation, sword sky tears aspect. Then, from Chengdu, and Chiang Ching-kuo took the opportunity to vacate the southeast, fly to Taiwan, and never left him struggling, deep love of the mainland of China. .


Despite Chiang Kai-shek before the collapse of the mountain and courage, but batting an eye pain to experience such great frustration, not to its own nationals, subordinates, colleagues. Chiang Kai-shek with great patience and fortitude and perseverance to his unique vision and charisma, in occasion of the KMT to face disfigured, win the trust of the KMT's backbone, a tiny place in Taiwan that survived the three revolutions in the fruit.


In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek, as the subsequent revival, held in Yangmingshan, "Institute of revolutionary practice," Batch training high-ranking officials and senior generals. Published many articles commandments Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT's defeat means there are poignant of Chen. While inflation is the main reason for the KMT official words and deeds and to live up to the expectations of the citizens, but also the reasons. Although the KMT army camouflage from policy makers, famous flock of, but in the end to get out of hand.His serious face to the outside world, bitter experience and the courage to assume all responsibility to lead the KMT from failed over, Al island began a series of economic reforms and the construction of the 60 's, has laid the Foundation for economic take-off, as today's democratic Taiwan has laid a solid foundation.


Shek in Taiwan, successfully, from his Confucian culture infiltration. For decades, his early early early age mother Shiko paternity. Chiang Kai-year-old when his father died. Half-brother, and occupying most of the family property division. Chiang Kai-shek Chiang mother with a young daughter Jiang Ruilian poor live. But Chiang mother to live frugally and to encourage the cultural flourishing of Chiang Kai-shek left home to study, This achievement a future all-powerful chief of Chiang. Mother was alive, Chiang Kai-shek often return home to visit. After her mother passed away, his mother Xikou to repair the solemn silence of the cemetery. Sun Yat-sen Chiang mother tombstone inscription, please, "the mother of the Tomb of Chiang Kai-shek."There are grave, Chiang Kai-shek, IOI-CI OM, table Memorial mother. ".


Chiang Kai-shek to be sub-Merciful to strict, to be Kai-shek loved, to be folks to Mu. He served as the leadership of the two community charities, one home Wuling secondary schools chancellor; First, Fenghua County, honorary chairman of the orphanage. In 1925, he Xikou original three primary schools into full primary schools as the schools own shophouse. In 1929 he financing 200,000 yuan, the new school in force Shanxi Lu. Chiang Kai-shek from 1932 and chancellor. .


Chiang Kai-shek with themselves, and not to drink alcohol and tobacco, loyal to the motherland. The crucial moment in history, nationalism and abandon the privacy complaints. 1974 China and southern Vietnam war broke out on the sea, the people's Liberation Army reinforcements fleet directly off the Taiwan Strait, many worry, however, Chiang Kai-shek has opened to the people's Liberation Army, ordered the open light, so that the people's Liberation Army successfully passed.


In 1950 the founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China ceremony, the Air Force plans for large-scale bombing of the KMT, but the day to perform the task, the Chiang Kai-shek was not forthcoming orders, Air Force Commander Futuresoft week saw time is running out to the Chiang said, " do not take off, we can not schedule to arrive. "shek final answer," Cancel task. I can not do Xiang Yu, the British and French troops. "he feared the bombing would Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square and other monuments destroyed, and a traitor to the nation. .


Even political opponents, Chiang Kai-shek did not say, not as unjust. On once opposed him-Xiang Zhang, Yan Xishan, Bai Chong XI Li, and, he can be magnanimous, let bygones be bygones.


Even old enemies of Mao Zedong, he did everything humanly possible. 1945, in order to prevent the explosive civil war, Chiang Kai-shek 3 4 invitation, please, please Mao Zedong lived more than 40 days to Chongqing. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek wants to plot, easy. However, Chiang Kai-shek to Mao Zedong's fame, his best pomp. Mao Zedong show his usual cunning, containing quite an enjoyable talk with Mr. Jiang, and even endured the not smoking in front of Chiang. Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong has been heard about a new love, but not into the gift, and immediately sent a plane to Jiang Qing in Yan'an will receive Chongqing, for Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing up at weddings.At the wedding, I developed the Mao Zedong, the presence of Mr. Jiang, raise your glasses in front of the cries of "Viva!" Chiang Kai-shek.


Taichetaiwu Chiang Kai-shek, began in the early seventies. As mainland trouble after following another political campaign, spin everyone nervous, from the President down to the Murano man, the all as nerve Bengjin the rabbit. Chiang Kai-shek finally calm, at ease, smiled compassion. In no way cutting tactics, heaven tolerate. .


Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek had gone through a long process, from look down (1922-1945), the dissatisfied (1946-1966) and finally, the throat-throat convinced (1966-1975).


Early years of Mao Zedong in Hunan Agricultural *** move started by calling on a good idle hands of rural surplus labor, the landlord knocked to the ground, and then set foot on one leg, dragging out flatter Tour Township. Then, the influx of young lady gentry married woman gums, and tumble, causing a terror in the countryside, so like the order of Chiang Kai-shek had shot repression. During the war, when Chiang Kai-shek and the Japanese in the bloody battles, the expansion of the site of Mao Zedong is one side, one side is all powerful wholeheartedly engage in rectification (1941-45), the Communist Party and establish absolute authority.During the civil war, the Soviet Communist Party's secretly abetting, Mao Zedong has lost faith, and against Chiang Kai-shek. Chinese people have no choice of Mao Zedong, China letter. Just like Mongolia, Manchu, Han Chinese, do not select the same.


Control of the mainland to Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek began new look. In the town of anti-, land reform, after killing millions of human lives, Mao does not even taboo to be compared to the emperor, but the full support of the allies of the Soviet Union, the handsome but brazenly said: "What kind of Emperor Qin Shi Huang? He only killed 460 a Confucian, we pit the 46 000 Ru. our suppression of counter, not to kill a number of counter-revolutionary intellectuals? I and the Democrats debate on the off, you call us the emperor, no, we are a hundred times more than the emperor.At us was the first emperor, is a dictator, we have consistently recognized; unfortunately, you said that not enough, we often have to be added. ” 。.


The Chiang Kai-shek himself to gain a firm foothold in Taiwan, had to be implemented in order to survive the white terror, killing thousands of lives, thousands of people off, that was international friends, including allies of the United States, condemned, condemned people. .


In 1957, the Mainland, Chiang Kai-shek in the anti-rightist movement fell below the eyes. Was afraid his nose, called him "the dictatorship, the people of thieves" intellectuals, liberation, low-brow reveals that Chiang Kai-shek. In the anti-rightist movement, a real dictatorship in front, one more frightened of trembling as sieve bran. At this point, if any one of them attacked, they are in a rush, not ignored. The "party of the masses of criticism", they have completely changed. If you say that they oppose Mao Zedong, suddenly, landslides, mourn stomped try, like the ball the same jump up and loudly denied. Mao Zedong God, and if the large Chinese, no one outside the party who actually dared to contradict Mao personally. .


In three years, natural disasters (1959-61), the continent began to knock on fooling the successful, so although they float high hunger does not appear guanbiminfan, Chiang Kai-shek's regime on the last line of the Mainland were shattered.


Not content with bringing high morale of Mao Zedong, has personally initiated and led an unprecedented Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, encouraged under the red flag raised, Sheshi not deep Red Guards swept through the country, smashed all the letters, information, repair things, the destruction of China Millennium Heritage. Red Guards did not let Chiang Kai-shek's graves, to Xikou it exploded. Wherever they are, devastated by the savage level is greater than eight-brutal, worse than the than the Japanese. However, the whole country, in the unforgettable horror of class struggle, cheering, singing the praises loud. .


When Mao Zedong eventually gave him struggle spearheaded the links to the Communist Party of China, comrade, the whole crazy. Hunan's homeboy political spread throughout the country, small city. The capitalist sprawling, then on foot, through a drag-and-out daigaomaozi rolling on the rich capitalist against bad right, her lover, Simmons beds. North and South, confusion ….


After three years of contributions towards the Red Guards, Mao Zedong big hand wave, let them tears to the throne to go to support the border, rural construction. These had anything they want, so millions of people afraid of the eight or nine o'clock in the little sun, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, on so easy and saved the day disappeared in the Chinese city's field of vision. .


In order to become a world leader, Mao Zedong's blowing out your nation has no bonus given to paste revolutionary allies — Albania, North Korea, Vietnam, and his long suffering compatriots have food to eat well, and still YODEL: father Ang mother parent parents as Chairman Mao, walking in the developement of socialism, the more difficult the more forward!.


Chiang Kai-shek often think, under the leadership of Mao Zedong how the Chinese people. Chinese people are no longer ancestors proud of world-acclaimed Millennium material, no longer outspoken, not afraid of life and death of the ethical and shocking, not to not bow down to five dou of rice and Tao Yuan-ming and admiration, not for the Chinese morality of national reputation millennium proud. Comments felon, thought felon, felon ordered to kowtow Shane is. How many people, shouting, long live, made with border; how many people, shouting, long live the wronged and imprisoned; how many people, shouting Long live, suicide tears.After the cultural revolution, "long live" can shout for export, which is the Republic of China in the 20th century?.


Not satisfied with Chiang Kai-shek. In the gilded sky, he saw the great, full of the dead bent reflection. He is full of his beloved Chinese compassion; he does not even bear to the Chinese intellectuals who said it was retribution, it is deserved. He just quietly sigh, secretly tears, compassion helpless. .


Looking back to life, as the ruler of Chiang Kai-shek did wrong, wrong too good, too innocent, but and Mao Zedong juggle people, his hand, he might as well. KMT lost continent, it is his life forever. However, success cannot only look at life. History is not vilified. Kuan, Napoleon's life are not better than Chiang Kai-shek's success. However, their health is of glory. Shangshanruoshui Ah.


As a result, Chiang Kai-shek to see opened, and he calmly, he had calmly. So he Excluding military uniform, wearing the traditional casual, step aside. So he kept busy city of evil, compassion, into a gentle smiling elderly. Then he leisurely and carefree mood, the occasion of the sunny, sun out. So, he revel in being the ceremony, with Yi-grandchildren. .


From 1972 the second half of the bed, Chiang Kai-shek after treatment. Long lying, resulting in significant atrophy, muscle dysfunctions, fecal excretion of the solution. Every day, rely on the medical staff from the rectum of the dug up. Suffering from this disease, it is torture, some will groan, some will scream, but he is a strong man, never complained.


For death, Chiang Kai-shek was not afraid. In his lifetime, the experience of life and death too many. For behind things, he had arranged, he believed that all are now pregnant with the future, history would also he a fair. .


1975 and 5 April, Ching Ming Festival, Chinese traditional festivals in tribute to the dead. In the morning, Chiang Kai-shek sat in a wheelchair, came to greet them with a smile to greet the son Chiang Ching-kuo. Parting gently asked Chiang Ching-kuo: "you should have a good rest. "Night, Chiang Kai-shek in a coma, he tired of life near the end of a hard day is gone. The midnight bell rang before the 10 minutes, in the family surrounding, Chiang Kai-shek's heart has stopped, died at the age of 89.


Son Chiang Ching-kuo fell to the ground crying. Although Chiang Kai-shek are passing away, is so calm, so quiet around, but once he left, but four winds, torrential rain, the earth was moving. Chiang Kai-shek, which is a historical process of changing the name of the Chinese nation, a name the world attention, a recovery from the hands of imperialist powers, other than Hong Kong and Macao Chinese in addition to all the settlements, one for the Chinese people stand equal nation in the world The leader of the forest. When he was in the dead of night, silently left, visibly moved heaven and earth. .


Chiang Kai-shek's serene, calm. His life failed and achievements of the complex interwoven. The 30th anniversary of the death of Chiang Kai-shek, Professor of political science at National Taiwan University, Chiang Kai-shek mingjuzheng lifetime achievement: there are three major expedition China's reunification, leading the Chinese people outstanding eight years, strongly anti-communist, guarding Taiwan are not affected by communism. These three major achievement is sufficient for the Chiang Kai-shek well a generation of leaders.


Comparing the two political figures, which the Chinese people used to a greater. Westerners used to be evil which smaller. Two-phase power evil, the lesser light. Said Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong which greater, more difficult; say which is more evil, more easily. During the Chiang Kai-shek took over mainland China, although the name of dictatorship, but in reality there is no dictatorship. Taiwan's period of rule, the people of Taiwan have the practical interests. Under Mao's treatment in the mainland, but only the people are vain. .


Mao Zedong (1893-1976),, shaoshan, Hunan province. The establishment of the people's Republic of China, the rule of Mao Zedong to show their skills in a stage. Mao Zedong to his own farmers, writers, point, bring the old China, have become the world's youth and vitality.


Mao Zedong's life was a battle of life. To the ups and downs over the vast land of China, fighting with people he enjoyed. From Hunan beat Tyrant, sub-fields began to death sentence for the Lin Biao, who seek refuge with the Russians, the best of luck in the Soviet Union with the help of Night-break transfer to promote the defeat of the KMT, a renewal of Stalin, the world there is no emperor in history has a title, but enjoy the emperor in power. .


Mao Zedong's private life, like his philosophy of struggle, is a crazy and never order, not in order. He did not stop the virtues of life without cigarettes and alcohol, acting on impulse and desire only. During his reign, he lives there serfs who made up the right of the property. Its near who travelled around, much to the people, the people, contrary to his many inexplicable taboo, calamity. He know and use, but the narrow-minded, ruthless enemies never. But in 1971 after him, the end result of burden is too heavy for his ambition. Since then, the loneliness and solitude enveloped him, and increased the suffering of his illness. .


In the spring of 1975, Chiang Kai-shek's death, heavier transition of Mao Zedong's illness. At this time of Mao Zedong has long been a myth, his every move, a sound one, will lead to significant disturbances in China. In this special soil, in the 1970s that a specific political atmosphere, Mao Zedong was offered to the gods, could you let a thousand years of cockerel allow millions of vine germination, allow Deaf mouth. In singing "There never was a savior, not by god emperor" in the eyes of the Chinese people, he is a proud flight, ups and downs over the earth's petrels; in the Chinese quarter of the world's population, he is hope, is the helmsman, the savior, is invincible, Beijing Kingsoft the red sun will never fall. .


However, the Red Sun in their later years were spent in great fear. Lin Biao fled before Mao really should. Since then, he was suspicious of Yi, soldier, and often break out, the torn document, swearing. The past, the future of cross-track in his heart that he often overlap, and insomnia. Oh slumber close comrade, his successor, health, etc..


According to Zhang Yufeng memories, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong repeatedly to get, repeatedly asked: I have no buddy-style around the characters? Zhou Enlai, as usual, always respectfully said: the whole party, army and all the people who love Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao to defend, defend the President thought, followed by President of revolution! Mao will always ask: "is the true? I do not think. On buddy, I, you, have not found it! I have a whole lot of people, they will defend me, you believe it?" And then, Mao would his head and laughed, Zhou Enlai and the people around silent, looked at each other, sweating. .


The beat within, and outside after all the political adversary, Mao Zedong's sadness, friendless. With this in mind, the anniversary of the death of Chiang Kai-shek, put down on the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square on the hundreds of thousands to take under the Zhou Enlai Memorial t dissatisfied people, he is very clear. He knew that Chinese people are distorted, people will eventually have to abandon him. He realized that he left close are unreliable, including most patronize the housekeeper Wang Dongxing. One day, Mao Ze-Dong Wang Dongxing said: "I am dead, you will have the ambition!" Wang Dongxing instantly knelt, mashed with garlic, but as the Mao swore repeatedly.


At this time, Mao Zedong Chiang Kai-shek envy for me. From the historical big stage before, Chiang Kai-shek is so calm. Son Chiang Ching-kuo in Taiwan is welcomed by the titles. While looking around their surroundings, crafty around, stubborn wife evil nephew, incurable, inevitably end Tragic Human dejected. .


Under the first, he had in his heyday, riches: Gao, Su Yu, Liu bocheng, Peng Dehuai, Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, Lin Biao. However, they will think. Thinking of a slave is a slave to danger. To Mao Zedong's aggressive temperament, personality, he fears may not tolerate them. Tiananmen Square events more pathos to swear allegiance to him had burst into tears of dolls are. In the last moments of life, in the interests of the State and individual interests, Mao Zedong, ultimately these once again opted for personal interest. Stalin's experience behind him, make him shiver. So he died, Tuogu, the state power to the honest mediocrity of Hua Guofeng. .


Mao Zedong's envy Chiang Kai-shek, relaxed and easy. Serious illness of Mao Zedong, full taste here alone, the smell of succor. As long as the sober, he would have had that all State decision until the last seconds of life.


Envy shek Mao family harmony, a flourishing population. Mao was alive, the family has never had a family portrait with photo photo. In his later years, no family members, including Jiang Qing, you can free access to his home. .


Mao Zedong envious of Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan, under the control of people's lives and stability, economic prosperity, but also in the seventies of the Mainland economy has come to the edge of death, the wages frozen, all the major agricultural products are supplied, the ticket model dominates, people wear, more poor mountain evil water, freshly on the dregs of the soil.


Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek and even envious of his later years kindly smile. 50's and 60's, he also laughed. And a very hearty laugh. However, after 1971, the fat, clumsy, disheveled, he tired of endless struggle, no longer laugh. His cloudy eyes, hidden implicit regret, people became angry in his whole body. .


1976, Hebei Tangshan earthquake, Tangshan, Tianjin, the entire spread into ruins. Mao Zedong to vibrate more in weakened. He guarded around Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing et al. off and said: "there is an old saying in China that say, I did not say too quickly, and can always be conclusive. I did three things: first, the war, the Japanese people call back home; and Chiang Kai-shek bucket then decades his arrived so few islands, in Beijing, and finally into the forbidden city, on the objection. Another thing you know, is launching the Cultural Revolution. Not many people support this, many people oppose. It was not complete, this estate was handed over to the next generation. How pay? Peace diplomacy fail, the turmoil in the exchange, not well done, future generations how to do, have to bloody up. How do you do, only God knows. . ".


Despite the shock of Mao Zedong's life course, claimed at the time, although he claimed to be really — no free days, at which point he is fear. In his last days, the terminally ill but Palm operating life, honor someone, let all the people around him every day living in who escaped the State again. He said to see Marx, the mind is in bed with Wang, Yuan wencai, Liu Dan, impressively, Peng Dehuai, dengtuo, Liu Shaoqi, encouragement, Lin Biao ….


At 9:45 on September 8, 1976, Mao Zedong with a deep fear, reluctantly closed the book of his life, her hand holding a document, at the age of 83. To attach the Autumn Harvest Uprising started 49 years ago will begin shooting Validamycin business days, the official decided to postpone his death is to 9 September. In any case, on September 9, Nanjing, blue skies, sunny. At 2 o'clock, I and my friends are Nanjing swallow grumble, listening to Jiang Tao shore, looking the river flows east. Hear the bitter tone of broadcasters to notice there will be an important broadcast at 4 o'clock, we feel a sudden fear together. .


Poem: pros and cons who comments on the set, and the younger. Advised, on time, knew at the honor.


Mao Zedong was a great Marxist. He deliberately bring in Marxism-Leninism, a vain attempt to completely remove the Chinese traditional culture. If socialism is nothing but a mirage, revolution only in a form of exploitation and oppression instead of another, then, Mao Zedong, like a crazy fantasy of Utopia believers. Even so, he should get a great share of dreamers deserve respect and sympathy, because he is the most dare to try, most do not care about the consequences of one. .


Westerners to Mao Zedong, saying that he is a giant. In their eyes, and smashed the world of what might be called the giant. Mao Zedong's smash on China. Despite his behavior has been unprecedented in China, however, in his time in the world, he did not unprecedented, it is not without precedent. Before his imitators of Stalin, after effective way of Pol Pot in Cambodia, there is still little known of Kim Il Sung in the DPRK's actions. Together, they have human celebrates the darkest of 20th century history.


Mao's cousin, the early leaders of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang general text after strong after about 1949 when Mao Zedong said: Mao Zedong is a gangster in politics. Mao Ning to make the world who bear him, and do not want him to bear the whole world. As long as the right to their own special benefit, no matter what means can make out, through fire and water on their own can also turn against a comrade in arms, but also compiled a high-sounding reason to deceive the world. .


Close the book and thinking, full of sentimental, Jiang, wool, Tigers and 60 are five · four companies after exercise, while the Northern Expedition in and reveal its prowess. A radical smash Confucius, overall a Marxist-Leninist; is the conservative revolutionaries, and the banner of democratic and ethical banner; a contempt for the Chinese traditional Chinese culture, contempt; an emphasis on the Chinese tradition, the passion for Chinese culture. An inspiring words, and deeds of the Barb; a formality, but Web hidden universe. A person who, on wide; a strict, towards ourselves. A Filial loyalty, Honesty and Honor, return good for evil; an enemy should take courage to pursue tottering foe, then quickly set the enemy to death. A loss of China, a get to China. Is China really is a trouble-making people, the tyrant of the kingdom it? Is democracy really does not suit China's national conditions and it? . .


Yes, Mao Zedong in Chinese history, and the world has a place in the history of the station. He is from one of the Mountain King of Hunan has become the eternal Black Emperor, and his legendary life is enough to satisfy the suffering of the Chinese people's yearning for power and violence. However, after Mao Zedong winds through to the end to the Chinese people have left their mark on what can be memorable political testament? is the only month not to "Office" as past policy?.


Contrast, Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese people left the six words succinctly: Science, democracy, ethics. Thin aftertaste, this fine secluded motto, will benefit generations. .


In January 1989, the 73-year-old former General Secretary Hu Yaobang in Changsha, Hunan, and talk about national affairs, said that China's outlet is a "democracy" and "Science". So far, the continent has not yet been any mention to benevolence, wit as the core of ethics in modernization. However, China today really don't need ethics?.


This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Xi'an Incident. Xi'an Incident was a big influence events in modern China, launched by its domestic and international attention. In the course of the peace deal with the Xi'an Incident, the Communist International and the Soviet Union aspects of the Chinese Communist Party had an important impact.Then, the Communist International, the Soviet Union on the Xi'an incident happened why during what subtle change?, Soviet factors the Xi'an incident on peaceful resolution up how?, in recent years, new decryption of the Communist International, the Soviet Archives, has many precious Telegraph Xi'an incident, as we further study the Xi'an incident has provided new materials that help us understand the problems above.


Initial reaction. .


On 12 December.


Comintern: kill Chiang Kai-shek. .


1936 on 12 December, red wave three occasions through the cold air, in Northwestern China three letters from the security of the Central Telegraph has arrived in Moscow for the Executive Committee of the Communist International. The first two letters of Peter and has been for reporters to the CPC Central Committee call Liu Ding content and Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng's eight-point proposal. After a reported incident of Chiang Kai-shek and say Ye Jianying, a study has been to Xi'an, Zhou Enlai also will attend, along with notification of the plan of action to be taken.


Xi'an Incident so shocked the Communist International, Communist China Communist International and the Comintern Executive Committee members of the delegation of staff members enthusiastically discussing the events. The initial reaction was to kill Chiang Kai-shek, was kept upon the table with his fist shouting "kill"! It was rubbing his hands excitedly exclaimed: "caught!." .


On 13 December.


Soviet Union and the Comintern press on to make qualitative Xi'an Incident, said that Chang is a "traitor", "bandits." .


From December 13, the Soviet Union the Pravda "," Izvestia "newspaper and the Communist international publication of international press newsletter fill issue reports, comments and articles on the nature of the Xi'an incident made a mistake, and this incident started Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng accusations.


December 14, the Soviet Union, "Pravda" in its editorial "China Incident occurred," pointed out:. .


There is no doubt that Zhang Xueliang forces mutiny, should not hesitate to use all means to help the Japanese imperialists pushing slavery China's cause those pro-Japanese molecular campaign. The infamous Japanese lackey Wang Jingwei's name with the occurrence of Shaanxi Province, Zhang closely linked to the mutiny, which also is not accidental.


Here, the Xi'an Incident, the Soviet Union say that China's pro-Japanese elements of a conspiracy. "International Newsletter" and other Communist publications, but also keep to Zhang as "traitors," "bandits." .


Brewing views.


Dec. 14. .


The Executive Committee of the Communist International, presented the "peaceful solution to the conflict of ideas".


According to Dimitrov's diary account, Communist leaders in the December 13 by the Xi'an Incident of the message. The move was immediately made sure that Zhang Xueliang, Wang Ming, head of the CPC delegation to Stalin's proposals for the Chiang Kai-shek took the opportunity to shoot. December 14, in that "Pravda" publicly criticized the attitude of the Xi'an Incident, the Communist International Executive Committee held a work meeting on China, the meeting heard Deng made on the CPC and Zhang and Yang co-operation reports, and decided to send this report to Stalin. Dimitrov this specially wrote a letter to Stalin, the letter said:. .


For our party and the Red Army, a very difficult situation, we believe that there is a need for advice our Chinese comrades take independent position against any conflict, so that a peaceful solution to the conflict, all defending China's territorial integrity and independence of the parties on the basis of the democratic consensus and take joint action. While stressing that the party was at the open letter to the of the KMT, and Mao Zedong's reporter in the Council.


14 Comintern Executive Committee also decided to request a meeting with Comrade Stalin on the Chinese response to the position taken by the Xi'an Incident, views, and to Stalin's Communist International Executive Committee made the recommendation (that is, raised in the letter of advice Dimitrov ). .


That attitude.


Dec. 15. .


The people of the Soviet diplomatic Titus Livius, Nizhny Novgorod and Nanjing, a member of the Government in the Soviet Ambassador met contension Chiang.


December 15, the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs Litvinov should Nanjing Government in the Soviet ambassador met with Chiang Chiang Ting-fu of the request. Chiang to Litvinov that he has "Pravda" and "Izvestia" published an article in the Soviet Government to explain the friendly attitude of the Nanking government sent the text extract their governments. He also told Litvinov, the Soviet Union published article will, and Wang Ching-wei Zhang's action is clearly linked to conspiracy inappropriate, because Wang could not have any contact with the matter. Litvinov in response Contension the conversation on China is deeply concerned about the situation, he said:. .


We think of Peter's action is a great misfortune. I don't think Peter is a collaboration with the Japanese direct action, I prefer this kind of speculation: is affected by some malicious persuaded the judge. We have always supported the unification of China, Chinese generals Club have never expressed sympathy. For the most recent period for the expansion of the Nanjing Government base and strengthen the fight against Japanese Manchukuo coalition efforts, we are particularly pleased. I worry that Japan will take advantage of the recent launch of a new invasion. Anyway, recently was in a State of the Japanese Government is likely as a result of this incident might be saved.


Xi'an Incident, the Soviet Government's efforts to denounce, declare themselves had nothing to do with this incident is out of historical conditions at that time the needs of its foreign policy. Since the victory of the October Socialist Revolution, the Soviet Union has been surrounded by imperialism. Around 1936, the Soviet Union's international situation is very grim. In Europe, Germany and France are mad military preparations, extreme hatred of the socialist Soviet Union. In the Far East, the Japanese imperialists intensified its invasion, while the Soviet Union posed a threat. British and American imperialism, the Japanese invasion of China's troubles expected to lead the Soviet Union, Soviet Union, China is trying to build a barrier in this sector troubles overflow dam to the Soviet Union.The Soviet Union in China's strategic aim is to make the war in China, Japan, thereby holding back for a long time in Japan to Soviets, so that the Soviet Union to concentrate on dealing with the German fascist aggression. From this strategic goal, the establishment of the Soviet Union would like to Chiang Kai-shek-centric anti-Japanese national United Front to block the Japanese invasion of Soviet ambition. The Soviet Union is of the view that only the KMT in China, only they have the power to get the sympathy and support for Britain and the United States; the opposite of the Chinese Communist Party, neither strength without sympathy and support for Britain and the United States. Therefore, the Soviet Government, while not sponsored anti-communist, Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek with more fear. After weighing pros and cons of the Soviet Union condemned the instigators of the Xi'an Incident and Zhang and Yang, urge peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, to avoid another civil war in China to achieve its strategic intent. .


Call back.


Dec. 16. .


The Communist international requirements of the Chinese Communist Party strongly advocate for a peaceful solution to the incident ".


December 16, the Executive Committee of the Communist International to the CPC Central Committee sent a telegram issued by the Dimitrov. Dimitrov telegrams sent the CPC Central Committee, called "Moscow call back." The telegram reads: As you answer calls, we recommend taking the position that a) the Zhang's action, no matter from what motive, the objective can only be detrimental to the Chinese people's unity and strength of the anti-Japanese united front and encourage Japanese aggression against China .(Ii) if the incident has occurred, the Communist Party of China must take into account the realities and strongly advocated the peaceful resolution of the incident on the basis of 1), the restructuring of the Government to absorb some of the anti-Japanese movement and support China's territorial integrity and independence of persons participating in the Government; (2) for the protection of the Chinese people's democratic rights; (3) to stop the execution of the policy of eliminating the Red Army and against Japanese aggression and the Red Army in the fight to cooperate; (4) and those who support the Chinese people from attack of the Japanese imperialism of national cooperation. Finally, we recommend that you do not make an alliance with the Soviet Union's slogan.


Communist International calls on Zhang's evaluation, with significant differences between the Chinese Communist Party; but the principle of peaceful settlement of the incident, consistent with the Communist Party of China, the peaceful settlement of the Chinese Communist Party played an active role in the Xi'an Incident. After the Xi'an Incident, both "Pravda", "Izvestia" and "international communications" published an editorial article published in the Soviet diplomatic conversations, telegrams, or Comintern, no matter what their focus is different in the solution The basic position of the Xi'an Incident, there are two points in common:. .


First, it insisted on the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident. Second, the release of Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing. At that time, due to the Chiang Kai-shek did not give up "I'm first" principle, if not he performs the necessary struggle with Jiang bei only may be difficult to achieve. Therefore, the Chinese Communist Party's forced Chiang Chang, anti-Japanese guidelines and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi'an incident, take the necessary means to force anti-Jiang is correct. The Soviet Union and Communist International on the nature of the Xi'an incident analysis and criticism of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng is totally wrong.


Call back effect. .


The Communist international and the Soviet Union, the peaceful settlement of the claims of the Xi'an incident has played a useful role.


However, the Comintern and the Soviet Union put forward the idea of a peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident played a useful role. This is mainly: first, the Comintern and the Soviet Union this idea, has strengthened the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, the Chinese Communist Party's determination to make more uniform the CPC Central Committee's thinking on the principle of peaceful settlement is no longer any shake, not to seek other solutions Incident form. Meanwhile, the Comintern and the Soviet Union led to this proposition is also the CPC Central Committee has accelerated the process of peaceful settlement of the incident. The changing situation at the time, the importance of speedy resolution of incident.Second, the Communist international and the Soviet Union has always advocated the release of Chiang Kai-shek, the CPC Central Committee in determining how to deal with Chiang Kai-shek's policy. Xi'an incident occurred, the CPC Central Committee, the "Tribunal" Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek, "the strike", although it dropped this demand, but still want to give the necessary disposal of Chiang Kai-shek. After receiving instructions from the Communist International, the CPC Central Committee to fight 21 indicates Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek, Chen talks, when the Chinese Communist Party's requirements are very satisfied, "restore freedom of Chiang Kai-shek. "Since then, the CPC Central Committee gave to dispose of Chiang Kai-shek's consideration.


Dec. 21. .


Central Committee of the Communist International: a call to dianfu 20 December received agree with you, we have also been largely adopted this approach.


The same day, Zhou Enlai made the CPC Central Committee, on behalf of the Communist Party to his qualifications and Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Li-fu, Soong, Yen Hsi-shan, Yu Yu-jen talks. The basic spirit of the telegram and the Communist International calls are the same. Zhou received a telegram immediately after the views of the CPC Central Committee with Zhang and Yang were consulted, both conditions of the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident was further amended, prepared on behalf of the Government of Nanjing TV Soong, who talks. December 25, Zhang, accompanied by the release of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Kai-shek himself back to Nanjing. .


The Communist international and the Soviet Union on peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident was pleased that the KMT temporarily become the Soviet Union in the far East and Japan, the Japan until the failure of a card of the Soviet Union.


-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------。 .


Catch the news of Chiang Kai-shek, the CPC leaders gather in caves, a jubilant. Laughing out loud Mao. Laughter he began to do a thing: get rid of Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek died once, the Chinese power vacuum occurs, it is a golden opportunity to intervene in Moscow. In his first to the Comintern, gross pleads for the telegram to Moscow is involved in: "will you sponsor us" and "used to aid China". He beat around the Bush to give prospective he killed in Moscow, Chiang Kai-shek could recall the Chiang Kai-shek "Nanjing, people tried." Dictionary of the Communist Party, this is tantamount to a penalty. Mao is clear that his goal in contradiction with the Stalin, so pretend he is also just heard that after the catch Chiang to Moscow to ensure the Chinese Communists "in a few days does not make a public declaration." .


Back to Moscow, hair asked Chiang Chang killed. December 12, he immediately after catching to the young generation, said Jiang "emergency" for the very last. At the same time he sent in diplomacy at the talent of Zhou Enlai to Xi'an. Week has been negotiating with Zhang Xueliang, two people seem to feel at home. Party week aims to persuade the Zhang Jiang, thoughtful killed Xian is the first to give hair a telegram saying that Chiang Kai-shek "line of last resort".


Communist China Xi'an 300 km away from the headquarters of security, riding to a few days, Mao invited Zhang to send aircraft to pick the nearby Yan'an Zhou Enlai. Zhang Yanan in the hands of time, there is an airport. Encouraged to send aircraft as soon as possible to the Young Marshal, on the 13th, Zhou Enlai, Mao suggests will bring Moscow to support his words: "Internationally there has been decorated brother, etc., reported later in detail." However, Zhang does not need the Chinese Communists then in private messenger, but Moscow's open support.14, the Soviet Union's two major newspaper Pravda, Izvestiya (Izvestia) are available at the front page of published articles, strongly condemning him, saying his coup d ' état for Japan and unequivocal support of Chiang Kai-shek. Hijacking Chiang Chang in two days, that Moscow had cheated on him, bad faith, he lost his finished.


The blow is very heavy. Young Marshal refused to invite Zhou Enlai to Mao to Zhou Xi'an, asked him to send aircraft to pick up a number of telegraph week, conveniently ignored. Mao only sent in the 15th straight week to the one hand, telegraphed Marshal: "Enlai starting this morning, tomorrow evening to skin Shi 〔16〕 Yan'an. Please send aircraft to the skin on the morning of the 16th airport inspection facilities, see the 'world' word that is then lowered Week. ". .


Week arrive in Yan'an, did not meet him at the aircraft door is closed now, he had in the winter night outside. This is Zhang Xueliang his belly fire out Zhou Enlai. Wool 17 had two telegrams to Zhang: "Enlai yesterday to the skin, the skin outside the Shi shi vigilante Defender does not open, representations not listen. "" Enlai in waiting outside the skin-Shi, velocity has ordered up skin-Shi militia groups in the city. "Day of Peter has calmed down a decision — put Jiang. To do this he needs the cooperation of the Chinese Communist Party. Communist China has been able to work because a large group of key players around the Young Marshal under the control of the Chinese Communist Party, without whose approval would not put Chiang, secretly left there will be life-threatening. Young Marshal sent Leonardo week to pick up the afternoon drive the aircraft. The world with snow, Leonardo saw him take the communists, blindsided, not long ago his plane was also hit by their bullets. He decided to tease them: "I am interested in Aspects of Intellectual bumpy air flights. From time to time, I turned to look at the cabin of those communists see them kick to open the primary long black beard, hand, carrying a jar made spit, my heart Direct Music. ". .


Zhang seems to be something on the surface, but also with the week's hot and steamy, along the week. When the week advised him to kill the Chiang Kai-shek, he himself agreed with. The report of the week: "Zhang agrees to civil war period inevitably siege before rows of last resort in Xi'an. "In order to make it a prerequisite to become a reality, wool and Xian Nanjing want to stir up civil war. He sent the Red Army to Nanjing, 15, had a secret military command to his palace and crush the enemy "devious mind of Nanjing Government." But he had to abandon this plan because it's the Red Army to egg against a rock, or you are unsure whether or not to provoke a civil war. On the 16th, Nanjing declaration of war against Zhang, Xian direction toward sending troops also bombed the outskirts of Xi'an. This is exactly what Mao wants. He tried to persuade Zhang counter, hit Nanjing to: "the enemy's vital in Nanjing and Beijing, the Han, the Longhai line, if two or three million units of strategic surprise detour to Beijing Han Hai made the decision victory, while the overall erected change, consider this prayer. "hair looking forward to war would cut off Zhang's posterior, so he had to kill Chiang. .


Positive movement in the hair, Stalin killed by Chiang Kai-shek was determined to rescue Jiang. December 13, of the second day, the Premier called on coinage in Nanjing, on behalf of the Soviet Union and said to him: "Xi'an, Fox and the Communist Party, such as Chiang Kai-shek's safety danger, jealous of the country will be carried out by the Communists and the push and the Soviet Union, and Japan will force me to resist. "Stalin was in a hurry. Midnight, General Secretary of the Communist International on 14 Dimitrov's phone rang, Stalin. Stalin asked: "what happens in China is not your decision?" Dimitrov quickly replied, "not that it is to help the most in Japan. Our policy is policy. "Stalin then filed on behalf of Wang Ming, the Chinese Communists in the Communist International was preparing to send him a draft telegram to the Chinese Communists, Chiang Kai-shek in favor of killing. Stalin said darkly:" The Ming people? He is not a sabotage it? I heard he wanted to kill Chiang telegram to support. . ".


At that time in the Communist authorities did not want to kill the Chiang Kai-shek, even Stalin's protege, usually cold Mann manuilski also pick, excitedly embraced Dimitrov's Assistant said: "our dear friends to catch up, HA HA!" said the likes of the identity of the telegram, the draft is based on the former Soviet Union Intelligence Agency is responsible for the foreign operations of Kutuzov (Artur Artuzov) recommendations. ' Kutuzov was shot. Shot before he wrote a letter to plead their innocence, xueshu guarding him coolly added: blood "is the nose". Stalin let Wang.


Dimitrov put all responsibility onto Mao to Stalin wrote: "We are repeatedly warned the Chinese Communists, or Communist China with Zhang can be established very close friendships." "It's hard to imagine such a body dry Zhang do not take risks with their coordination, they may be even involved. "These words mean that Mao said he had no prior knowledge of the cable are lies, blatant disregard of gross Moscow's order. After receiving this telegram, according to Soong Ching Ling said Mao, "furious, stomping curse."He is dealing with or receive a phone call to Moscow and Peter are hushed up CPC — didn't even Zhou Enlai, because this is going to be releasing a slew of Xi'an advised Chiang Kai-shek. Gross to continue its efforts to get rid of Chiang Kai-shek. Wool with Moscow as dangerous. But get rid of hair, Chiang Kai-shek after opening the world to him worthy to take the risk. In fact, once you know that Moscow as Zhang Xueliang immediately decided he couldn't kill the Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek and must be protected; he also properly Chiang Kai-shek. He can't trust the Chinese Communists. He is only one way, that is, put Chiang, and go together with Chiang, Chiang did in prison. This is his only hope of survival. Otherwise he will die because of his capture in a number of Chiang and hated his hands. Chiang Chiang will be sent back to a good impression, so Chiang forgive him. This is a gamble, this time he bet on the. Chiang Chiang's successor, with the protection of house arrest with his half a century, and eventually he was allowed to leave Taiwan, in 2001 to hundred years old in Hawaii come to an end. .


December 14, Moscow condemns his coup d ' état climatological later, Zhang went to Chiang Kai-shek, stood there in silence to the Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek's tears to think he's very contrite "If." He went for a long time since the "silent", later came back to Chiang said he had realized that his behavior was "reckless" reckless, "he managed to secretly sent to" Beijing, Chairman of. " Chiang Kai-shek also very cooperative, Xi'an, Nanjing Government declared war on 16, Jiang immediately sent out a letter with the command "must not conflict in Nanjing, and cease bombing." Nanjing did. Chiang Kai-shek to understand that in order to be free, like in negotiations. On his own inconvenience, Nanjing has also made the surface of the hijackers will never compromise on the way, but Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek's wife, brother TV Soong to send a private capacity to negotiate in Xi'an. Song on the 20th arrive in Xi'an, Madame Chiang Kai-shek came after two days. .


20, Moscow sent it to a peaceful solution to the wool in Xi'an of telegrams sent yet again. Wool can no longer pretend you didn't receive any telegram, only the transfer of Zhou Enlai, asked him to help restore the Chiang Kai-shek's "freedom". The goal of Mao and Stalin homology appears. They want to suppress the "Chiang Kai-shek to stop the ' total ' policy", and insisted on Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang see weeks is not a trifle, mean that the Government recognized the PRC is a political force, rather you must destroy the bandits.


On the 23rd, Zhou Enlai with Soong, Zhang talks. Soong said that the conditions of his own little Communist China, he will convey to the Chiang Kai-shek. But Chiang Kai-shek refused to see weeks. Zhang's very anxious, Chiang not see week, they could not walk. Chiang are still firmly rejected. Moscow know what to bait make Tsiang weeks. December 24 Christmas Eve, Bo Gu to Xi'an, the words brought to Moscow. Christmas day is to enter these words to Chou En-lai Chiang Kai-shek's bedroom. This sentence is: will the release of Chiang Ching-kuo in Moscow.It is learned that the Stalin this commitment, it agreed to the terms and conditions of the Communist Party, week in his back to Nanjing negotiate directly go after the "." Chiang, Xi'an meeting was brief, but "to the CPC for my son," transactions and agreements. The civil war came to an end.


In the afternoon, his wife left the Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an. Zhang with their peers, voluntarily flew to do prisoner. After Chiang Kai-shek that some hardships, reputation appears to be rising. Car into Nanjing, the people with warm warm welcome by the night sounds of firecrackers. He seems to be a winner. However, the precursor has been looming transportation. Chiang wishful thinking that can prevent the development of hair, he did not expect, Mao Zedong was able to stop it, Stalin is considered, but the. .


1851, 1, 11, 37-year-old Cantonese Hong Xiuquan in a remote village are up in arms, Guangxi jintian self-proclaimed King, known as the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". Two years later he killed in Nanjing, until 1864, Nanjing city break before the poison, swept more than half of China nearly 14 years.


Hundred years, especially over half a century, Hong has always been a myth in China, until June 2000, Mr. Pan Xulan "peace Miscellaneous say" after publication, the myth began to burst. .


Mao Zedong said: "Hong Xiuquan was born before the Communist Party of China to the West in search of truth," one of the four delegates, he led the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of modern Chinese history is the largest peasant rebellion, according to the necessity of peasant uprisings are always good, farmers ' leader, Hong Xiuquan logic must promote the progress of history.


Dry Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866, just two years from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, finding banks. His home (Guangdong Xiangshan) home from Hong (Guangdong Huaxian County) is also not far, little time listening to the story of Hung, in his young mind the seeds of anti-sown fields is not strange. .


10 years after the death of Hong Xiuquan (1874) was born in Hunan province Huang Xing has also been talk of their own have been the effects of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, "my revolution, motivation, when read in the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of miscellaneous. However, again see the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rebellion from jintian, at first they were aware of the brethren, thus sweeping the Masonic huguang, open Fund mausoleum. Unfortunately, because of their brethren had an axe to grind, or powerful, dog-eat-dog compete, resulting in harmful. I read history at this point, felt angry soar to the chest, feet three sigh. "(5 January 1912, and Li Yan, a conversation," Huang Xing set of 211-212 pages).


The two founders of the Republic of China little time away from the "Heavenly Kingdom" destruction soon, the story of Hong resolutely anti no doubt raise his flag to provide a ready example, but Hong impact on their limited anti this point. More than a century later, the historical truth finally came to light, Mr. Pan Xulan After several years of reflection, had the ring through, uncover the heavy fog, and finally returned to the scene, back to real history. He let us find scenes under the veil has been shrouded in the sacred human evil, licentious, shameless, barbaric, cruel and superstitious. .


A..


Hong Repeated not the first, before the rebels plot had a very long preparation period. In May l844, his only companion, and Feng to the mountains of Guangxi promote his "worship God", because progress slow and hard, just a few months he no patience left. After three years, until Feng experienced hardships in the heel Zijingshan stopped, he ran a big way to act recklessly, make a quick thanks to God in jeopardy, this time he was hiding. Feng so that after the arrest, he was the leader Zeyi save as an excuse to find the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Guangxi fled in panic.Feng rescued by other believers, he was in 1849 to return to the forbidden mountain. This is 1851 previous that Hong Xiuquan, if it is not a good phase of Feng Yunshan calculated to God, to put him a God, as the rebel flag, after all, maybe could not have happened.


1851 Hong Jin Tamura raised his army in a few days, even a county are not accounted for, on weak footing, could not wait to self-styled "King", only reached the town of Wing, in a time when a strong enemy siege big letters on the kings, and issued an edict to the army, spoils. Kill them all the way from Guangxi, where the capture of one place, no time to be young to escape coerced to join the army, or beheaded. Extremely harsh penalty, decapitation has Wumafenshi outside, the most frightening is the "point of day light." Therefore, prior to his team into the Nanjing from tens of thousands of people suddenly became more than 10 million people.Tap into the ancient in Nanjing, on the one hand, they are overwhelmed, very few people design huangyinwudu home; on the one hand, the Nanjing into a big camp, men and women are divided into male and female lines, lines, and wife cannot cohabitation (segregation system implemented for two years), the military there shall be no abolition of private property, the normal business, the implementation of the supply system, etc. That is a "paradise", is in fact a "grave", that is the Kingdom of heaven; but it was a hell of a..


Hong also did not open rebellion, there are wives more than ten people, when Wing breakthrough, it increased to 36 after its capital in Nanjing, it is big beauty, luxury magnificent palace in the beautiful clouds and sky. According to his son, said in the statement he had 88 wives (also said 108 people), as well as ladies than a thousand, one solely for his pleasure, he can only use numbers to numbers, such as the 30th wife, the eighth 11 wives and so on. Since then, the only 40-year-old Hong longer had homes (and therefore gradually lose its power), until 1864, committed suicide before he had a total of only several days out of the palace.The extent of his dissolute shameless and column-column generation of monarchs have been compared. Mr Xu said Mr. Copeland through today's upstarts can see hung, Yang back in mind, this word is not bad. Small farmers strike out for the purpose of the world, sitting, will understand that it is simply the "Wu Ma", steel bed, namely women, including Bok eye, wealth. Such a "Heaven" and then is "Heaven", is not too clear? 。.


Nanjing 1853 Hong Jin, there were massacres. Where the Qing officials, the Manchu people, intellectuals, monks and nuns priests, businessmen, women and men have beheaded many people were killed unbearable abuse, committed suicide on his family, the whole city of Nanjing, a bloody. The ancient capital of ancient cultural relics are severely damaged, the philosophers, ancient books have been banned, burned, more thoroughly than the emperor. This is not only killing of life is the destruction of culture and civilization. .


In 1856 the bloody massacre, said to be "Yang Wei-fighting", in fact, is "hung the infighting among the young." This influence fate "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" to the deep cause of the killing, Wang Yang Qing East coveted "artifacts" that forced him and his son Hong Xiuquan as "Viva". Wei Wang Hung secretly ordered North changhui night from front-line troops back to Beijing, bloody East Palace and killed the King of the East in the wake of the more than men, qinhuai river water is red. Wing Wang dakai is put to film the most visionary, one of the most capable, they are considered to be the most Zeng Guofan powerful opponents. He returned to Beijing accused of killing child too Wei Changhui, Wei ", under the Hong secret order or signal," they kill stone, stone let down the night to escape the city, killed whole families to light. Ground in punitive expedition, Hong Wei and ordered to kill 200 people trusted. Since then, the "Heavenly Kingdom" began to slow down, walked towards dead end. .


In 1863 the l2, in the face of destruction, Hong Xiuquan flatly rejected Li xiucheng "let the city don't go" for repentance, the death of his "little paradise", cozy and denounced, curses Li xiucheng — "I bucket jiangshan, was handed to it. El said no, I was too much of the multitude of water. "Heavy siege of Nanjing, the city is about its feet, he called for the military to" dew "(paraquat). City break in despair before he did it himself, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. City break, a 2 million population of the Metropolitan only million people, almost an empty city.


If you respect the historical facts rather than pure nonsense that, on behalf of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong and absolutely not it advanced and progressive civilization, but ignorance, barbarism, superstition, synonymous, and "explore the truth to the West" is irrelevant. He just borrowed some terms Zhuangshennonggui Christian, incitement, deceit, poor fool with his rebellion, the so-called "Heaven Kingdom," according to historian, said pressure with no enforced. "We Are the World, share the peace," "everywhere uniform, no do not eat warm," the number is deceptive beauty lies.To put it bluntly, in the eyes of religion in Hong Xiuquan best revolt and control subjects, he did not have any religious belief, the so-called "Heaven", but is one of the "Heaven". Late (1859 22 April) arrived in Nanjing Hong Rengan does an understanding of Western civilization, but a superstition, narrow, selfish, stupid, bequeathing Hong Xiuquan how can introduce his "new" senior? what was from the collapse of 1864 was not far away.


2. .


In General, the Chinese peasant rebellion only two outcomes, that is the difference between the success or failure, and no other. Chen, wuguang, angle, Li Zicheng 's, Hong Xiuquan represents a failure of a class, Liu Bang, the Emperor, and so on represent the success of a class.


Liu Bang was the late Qin Sheng Wu majority of the rise of a peasant uprising in the army leaders, history books say that this little "Ting Zhang" little ambition, which is what "Chi" ah! - He saw the emperor's grand parade blurted out - - Men Suddenly in Black students when so too! In other words - a man to do the emperor ah! In the beat, "he could be replaced by" the matchless dignity in Xiang Yu, he established a second dynasty, the unified, centralized system - Han.The Western Han dynasty, the Han dynasty a total of four hundred years, Liu's descendants have dozen until another peasant revolts and up to subvert it, it was still covered under the wing of Cao Cao's existed for many years. We might just remember Liu Bang is the Emperor, but forgot his birth — he was the leader of a peasant rebellion.


Another successful examples is the emperor, he was destitute Fengyang who did beggars, monks, the red scarves in the Yuan Dynasty in the rise of a large uprising, defeated the other peasant rebel army leader Chen Youliang, Shi-Cheng Zhang, etc., North-by- Mongolia, Nanzheng Yunnan border, in the southern Timor achievements generation industry, the Wright brothers created the foundation. Liu and Chu dynasty after dynasty can be said to reflect, Liu, Zhu two names on the account for an important Chinese chronicles 700 years. .


The Han dynasty and the beginning of Ming, and indeed there have been some new scenes, such as reducing people's taxes, etc. But even in their most enlightened period is also accompanied by a big player in the fathers of this bloody slaughter, them we don't see what you deserve. A competent and incompetent Emperor, a decadent decline of dynasties and an enlightened competent Emperor, a nascent dynasty in essence and not much difference, they are not likely to bring true happiness and freedom. Happiness of the people can not be found in the emperor, if the peasant uprising can give us a good king, if the good king will give us freedom, happiness, two thousand years we would have a democratic, prosperous, civilized state. .


Whether it is how they did not dare to teach "trip to the horse, can't complain" assumed eternal Emperor Qin Shi Huang, or dragon throne and piss last emperor Xuantong Qing, millennia how many large and small, the Emperor did not a man, but we always knees at the foot of the throne, made a slave nor. Mr. Lu Xun to read in the history of the "eat" the word, he gave a history of China is divided into two halves: the one making steady temporarily, a slave is a slave but may not want to do. True indeed! 。.


If this reminds me of Chen Sheng, Wu Guang won the world, if not quoted Wu Sangui Forces Entering Shan, Li Zi Cheng did his Dashun stable emperor, large Junya and Han, Ming dynasty, like stretching for hundreds of years what then? Sheng, Wu Guang completely may be related to Liu Bang, Xiang Yu killed as a big fights, the winner Wang, losers die. As for Li Zicheng firmly secured a long bit, I am afraid even smaller than the emperor, the emperor was also in appreciation of talents before you're done, if not to accept a loss for, soaring and others claim that he can not defeat the pack of.And Li Zicheng's departure in fled, leaving at the time of unification and rivers too far when you listen to dog killed the most strategic, BOAI, because Li Yan Li is also the surname "," fear "18 child sit in the world," ballads fulfilled in this "Lee". This superstition, such a cruel man, we can count on him to do the Emperor brought us? 。.


Since ancient times, Chinese people just because of anti-headed, corrupt officials, not anti could maintain clean government, no wonder thousands of years, although the peasant riots continued, but difficult to push history forward. Even after the collapse of the monarchy, from the Yuan, Zhang Xun's old authoritarian to a new authoritarianism, we are familiar. .


3.


If there is a gap between Eastern and Western civilizations, China and the huge gap between the advanced western countries, first of all here. 18th century the United States successfully completed the establishment of democratic institutions in the great country the practice of 19th century China and tsunami occurred in Shan Hu general peasant riots, even if the name of God under the banner, just a couple years of Chinese history again and again The three appeared just another vicious cycle. Hung their heads in addition to power, in addition to beauty, in addition to endless pleasures, what else? Their pursuit is, and Ah Q in Tuguci in the same dream. .


That Hong Xiuquan was to the West in search of the truth of one of the most representative is just a myth has been in the past. Even the Northern Expedition, even if there is no conflict, no Yang Wei dakai, Hong Xiuquan entered Beijing sat frontin "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" just how many dynasties in China, during the long family Chronicle adds a dynasty on..


Hong, Yang before without the world, the so superstitious, barbaric, no way, cruel, anti-culture, than what dynasty did not like. Even if successful in establishing the Hung family dynasty only is a national disaster, civilization back. They stood on opposite side of the fan Hong, Hu, Li, Zuo, etc., while defending the dictatorial, corrupt and incompetent, the crumbling Qing dynasty, but they also protect the several thousand years of Chinese civilization. If we allow Hong-dominated world, only worse than the Qing Government, the old culture would suffer a devastating disaster, but also because the regime with the Han Chinese to overthrow them more strenuous.Of course, they haven't become concubines of Hong Xiuquan was destined to become impossible.


Even if Beijing Hong Jin sat Dragon Mountain, not the history of China or the emperor more than a month Rereading it? Can not touch the fundamental renewal of the millennium with the autocracy itself. For thousands of years we have been living in a Chinese Water Margin, The Water Margin is a microcosm of all the peasant uprising, Liangshanpo hero row seating of the event is an absolute classic symbol of hierarchy. Moreover, they are the banner of "for good" on the cover, only anti-corrupt officials, not against the emperor. Even if they are both anti-corrupt officials, but also anti-headed, they can not oppose could maintain clean government, let alone outside of the model in a new way out.So for thousands of years as many times as large and small peasant uprisings, regardless of success or failure, have not changed anything, from a political system, economy, values, and so there are no changes.


4. .


From Chen, Hong Xiuquan, wuguang to be traced, farmers are up in arms purpose is simply to survive, to make steady slaves, at individual leaders adapted tools. In the history of China always echoed over "generals, innate," "he also can be replaced by" of sounds. Thousands years of night, almost no one ever questioned on this, no one ever thought of seeking outside the regime. Ancient agricultural civilization to the l9 century later, although it has gradually come to an end, but to really step out of the vicious cycle was again easier said than done? Opium War, China can only occur after Hong, Hong is ment Wu Guang, is Huang Chao , Li Zicheng, he banner of religion, founded of God Worship. Inclination of the late Eastern Han began his early Taoism to peace, "Heaven is dead, Huang Set up" rebel life, wise teaching, the history of White Lotus, also not absolutely. .


And Hong Xiuquan contemporaries Marx initially placed on the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" forward, until he realized that a lot of truth, 1862, the thought of giants such lucid Exposition —.


"In addition to other regime change, they did not give themselves to any task ... ... they give people panic than to give the rulers of panic even more severe. All of their mission, if only stricken with ugly confrontation and stagnation of the damage to the decadent, this destruction of signs is not in construction work. ". .


"Obviously, Taiping army is the Chinese people's fantasies are described in the Devil's persona (avatar). However, in order to have this kind of demon. Such evil is stuck in the social life of the product. ”。.


Marx in the phrase, Hong pursue only "regime change." Although his name of "Taiping" banner, to the earth to establish "heaven", but a "monster" the incarnation of the Who can create a "heaven"? Hong Their actions have already made a clear and simple answer. .


In the history of China, no war, and the size of the KMT and the war between the two. Regardless of the number of soldiers on both sides, weapons and equipment level, broad distribution of the battlefield, or unexpected results of the war, as well as its profound impact of the Chinese nation, even before it lasted eight years, is a hard and bitter war or becoming worse.


A pair of fellow sufferers. .


For this war, I have always had a keen interest: how to play into this? why leading the war and reached its peak of popularity, Chiang Kai-shek in a short period of two years over a fierce battle, the exalted position has always been afraid of losing to him without getting kind of Communist? many years have passed, but the scholars made inquiry, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in their respective review and summary. We may wish to put aside historical past, the winner of the world, to show off those losers amusing blaming people fisherman, "gray" mentality and summarized for the KMT. The reasons are:.


First, political dictatorship, corruption and lost people;. .


Second, the Japanese invasion to the Communist Party of the development and growth;.


Third, the Soviet Union to facilitate the making of military foothold in the Northeast;. .


4. u.s. China policy error;.


5, the Communist Party's united front and intelligence activities;. .


Sixth, combined war economy;.


7, a major failure of military strategy;. .


Eight, the KMT internal factions struggle;.


9, the Communist Party liberated the implementation of land reform to win the support of the majority of farmers. .


These are the reasons, there are certain facts that are never wrong. However, in order to cover that this war was still too too thin. As far as I'm concerned, if only chewing lead to victory of the cause is not so long interest. I think that in these political, economic, military, diplomatic, behind the gains and losses must be in possession of a certain culture of spells. It not only determines the nature of this war, and also led it luck, strategy in the so-called "battle" of a few decades ago, paving to unravel the secret of "." If the "general battle is more than just on the battlefield," then after the war a few decades, it is still secretly continuing to occur a role. .


The KMT and the Communist Party, this is one of the twentieth century in China to dominate the fate of a common destiny. The KMT is the younger brother to brother, the Communist Party, even if with the children under xuehaishenchou brother killing palpable wound brother being scattered abroad, brother playing gobble, among them the relationship of consanguinity and ranking is beyond doubt and confusion. Participation in the establishment of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party participated in the reorganization of the Kuomintang, the two parties are warlords are collectively referred to as "revolutionary." Madness is a revolution, the two parties for the purpose of the revolution. If further comparison, we will find more similarities: imitated the Soviet Union, Lenin-style way to go, according to the principles of the Bolshevik Party, the party above the country, the party commands the gun, in fact, is the highest military power to win the party the highest status, the party obey leaders, attention and control of propaganda, the slogan of democracy truly was a tyrant, that other side as "the greatest enemy of the revolution", to all opponents who have accused the other elements. .


Today, the two brothers are slums. The KMT's claims, the Communist Party also almost full old age eight rank. The KMT has revive China Society (a *** November, Honolulu), Alliance (1905 August, Tokyo), the Kuomintang (1912-August, Beijing), the Chinese Revolutionary Party (Tokyo, July 1914) until 1919 October Sun Yat-Sen declared officially changed its name to the Chinese nationalist party, from the outset. The creation of the Communist Party is relatively simple, from all over the country's Communist group representation. If the current name from the founding day of the official to count real difference between the two brothers, less than two years. .


The word "party" of ill omen.


Republic of the initial ruling and opposition parties all around the group one pursues a party. Some called the "Party", some called the "Council", and some called the "Society", some because of the same interests, some because of similar political views, and some because of congenial temperament, and some because of the status of a considerable, and some representatives of a place, some on behalf of a profession, others are temporary alliances, and some purely mob. As a community with activities and influence of groups have a certain organizational form of "party" landed on China's political stage began. This of course is a simple imitation of Western political system. I do not know why exactly use the word.Inherent in Chinese vocabulary, "" this is a somewhat derogatory: scourge of the party, party, party, party, Squire, partisan, jiedangyingsi, party and politics ... is not a good thing. The history of the so-called "party", as in the Squire of the Eastern Han Huandi, the evolution of the Northern Song dynasty, Ming dynasty, when the party by once a party proposed, to the political and social consequences of the disaster. Traditional gentleman scholar who is not a "party". Unfortunately, the overthrow of the monarchy in China, the establishment of a Republic, but Western's "Party" as a "party". It's almost the entire 20th century China's writings on the wall.


Translation of only the surface, it is important to be in fact. KMT from the Revive China Society, developed from the League, despite the restructuring of the Russian Communist Party consultants to help their gang color is still very strong. Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society, that is modeled on a Chinese folk secret societies formed. Take the oath of membership: Union county province who were certain, "driving out the Manchus and restore the Chinese, the creation of united government, if there is Janus-faced, god searcher." Now look at this oath, the prayer does not exceed the Hong God's political ambitions. Taiping Sun admired since childhood, since the promise "Hong second." Revive China Society, once established, a few months members of the development to Baiyu Ren, all of Guangdong origin.Overseas, Hongmen, triad, brothers, Kogi, Freemason accounted for a large proportion. A * ** a month for nine years, Qian simply bring together brothers, triad Princes meetings in Hong Kong, drink blood for UNITA, the collection into a secret organization "xinghan", pushing the total of Sun Yat-Sen as the planning and the intifada.


Subsequently, the Revive China Society has with Huang Xing, Song, Chen Tianhua organizations Hua Xing Hui, Zhang Binglin, Cai, Wu Jingheng organizations Restoration League, joined together to form Alliance. Early Republic, United Republic of Alliance has really Association, the National Labour Party, together the National Council, a Republican, formed the Kuomintang. Sun, after all, small Liuyang, accept complete Western-style education, the knowledge, ideas and aspirations, much higher than the gang leaders. This is he can put forward three principles and the leadership of the revolutionary party to overthrow the Qing monarchy and establish a republic, and the League finally the root cause is different from other gangs.But after all he is not out of the club together, in the transformation from the Alliance to the Kuomintang, the last guiding role and Russian advisers. Russian Communist party organization, and the form of Chinese folk secret sects have many similarities.


China, which features a secret society? First, non-public organization, which under normal circumstances, all such organizations exist in the secret state; 2, with the secret purpose (including the slogans and affirmations), bizarre initiation ceremony with each other's lingo signal; Third, carry out illegal activities; Fourth, the court official varying degrees of resistance. (Mercy and Matsu "Modern Chinese History Studies will be"). .


South and North to teach.


China since the Qing Dynasty, the number of secret societies and the power surge, the numerous, varied. Generally can be divided into two categories. One for the societies, such as the World Council of Elder Brothers; one for the religion, such as the White Lotus, and smells teaching, writing for teaching, teaching the Boxers, in propriety decile system. Between the Party and the religion will not necessarily mutually exclusive, on the contrary, integration may penetrate each other, and even evolution. Luo Qing help by teaching evolved, some of the three provinces will be to teach evolution as fast, Hung Lin taught. And some secret organization will also teach, or be non-teaching. Usually, will be the party prevailing in the south, the religion is prevalent in the north.There is a "teach" the South will.


The predecessor of the Kuomintang Revive China Society, developed from the south, and is consistent with the basic characteristics of secret societies. Communist Party originated in the north. Communist China has a "big" Although held in Shanghai after the founding of the activities in the South than the North to Sheng, the two founders of the Communist Party of Chen, Li Dazhao it is Peking University as a base to spread communism of Marx and Lenin theory of class struggle. April 1921, the Communist International and the Communist Party (Bolshevik) Party sent representatives Voitinsky arrived in Beijing, arrived in Shanghai in May, has to find zhao, Chen Contact Party. Voitinsky mission, clear zone of "missionary" in nature.Soon, Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Changsha, Jinan, Guangzhou, Japan, France, eight of the Communist Group have been established. In the second year, the Communist Party was represented in Shanghai secret group of the party. Also present at the meeting were representatives from the Comintern, Marin and Nikolski. Marin is a member of the Communist International, he worked in the Dutch East India and established the Indonesian Communist Party. He spoke at length, stressing that the Communist Party of China is a Communist Party, to accept the leadership of the Communist International. When he talked about in Moscow and Lenin's meeting — "venue suddenly seem warm up. Lenin in the hearts of the Chinese Communist Party enjoys a high prestige. Marin Speaking of Lenin's concern for China, hoping to establish the Communist Party of China, looking forward to establish a socialist system east of the world, the Chinese Communists on behalf of their eyes are wide open. If we are not allowed to applaud Marin had prior care, so as not to disturb spy, the representatives would certainly warmly applauded. "(Ye Yonglie" red starting point "). .


When we turn our gaze to more than 70 years ago, the starting point of the "red", this is seen a scene: one from the Comintern Vatican advanced to the Protestant missionaries mates to convey the Pope's expectations. This is one of Shanghai in July. Almost at the same time, Beijing also has a secret party, also established a CCP. The Organizer is guaranteed, the public and kwong, key members of the bears have Hill, Wang Kim nong, pengze Xiang, etc. They founded a publication "today", so called "Communist" party today. "Today, the Communist Party faction," sent Pengze Xiang, who went to Moscow, to be recognized and joined the Comintern, but was rejected. The reason is simple, they have not been representative of the Vatican appointed guide, good at Rikkyo door, not the "orthodox" Communist. Soon dissolved. .


Obviously, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China with a secret club together, while the former is party, the latter is a sect. The door to faith (superstition) for cohesion, it is different from the most crucial. The Communist Party to communism as beliefs, from the outset to accept the Communist International (Holy See) leadership and financial support, which makes it distinct from the General Civil sect, even tighter on the organization.


The oldest existing (Red era) of the Chinese Communists into the party oath is: "strictly confidential, subject to discipline, sacrifice, class struggle, to the revolution, and never betray the party." Revive China Society's membership with the affirmation compared to more emphasis on discipline of the Communist Party's oath and secrecy, but also to "sacrifice" for the price. Affirmation of the party members not only strict constraint, there is a further requirement that the unconditional dedication. The establishment of the two parties, especially the two parties through the difficult and complicated path of development, has as the largest political force in the stage of history, of course, is not a simple form of general civil gang. .


The "Pro" and "uniting" distinction.


Before and after the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, Sun Yat-sen and the Soviet Communist Party and government contact, repeatedly met with Voitinsky, Marin and the Russian Government Plenipotentiary C. A. Darling; it with the Soviet Union special envoy flew with hold secret talks, issued a "Declaration of Sun Yat Yue Fei", started reorganizing the Kuomintang, proposed the policy of co-operating with United Russia. January 1924, the first time the KMT National Congress held in Guangzhou, representing a total of 198 people, including Communist Party members joined the KMT Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Lin Boqu, Tan Pingshan, Li Weihan, Xia Xi, in the tree Germany.The General Assembly elected the twenty-four Central Executive Committee members, representing a third person; elected Executive Member of the alternate central 17 people, accounting for seven people. This is the first KMT-CPC cooperation.


Communist Party members joined the KMT as a private citizen, is the meaning of the Comintern. At first, Chen had been including the General Secretary, including fierce opposition from many members, and finally anti However, "higher authority" of the order, had to obey. CPC judge this piece of history today, still believe that Chen committed leftist error; forced to join the Kuomintang, he repeated the performance of the compromise is criticized for an error committed rightist. Is really a dilemma. In fact, in opposition to the KMT's Chen not wrong; both into the KMT, as there is no compromise with wrong.If you cannot do as a compromise, be sure to join the?-Xiu also left off the right or wrong, is to Comintern always rational.


A large number of party members joined the KMT, the party caused the party's foreign spectacle. Sun said the Chinese Communists to adopt "the United Russia co-operating with" policy, KMT is called the "United Russia accommodate." At first, the "Alliance" also used the "content" is also used, but one word, subtle righteousness. "United" is the joint, between the two parties are equal in status; "content" is inclusive, I have you, you are in but not me. In fact, the "content" than the "Alliance" to be exact.KMT lot, move, or there is a fairly stable position, the so-called "first National Congress" actually have is not the first time, but this is the first time officially public appearance. And a "sneaky", it is barren and toumo and breath. KMT big shops, and a "merger" of the other party's successful experience of the "total" is just as small a merger. Everyone knows there is no trivial matter.


Appendage of the Communist Party into the Kuomintang, has not eaten, but taking advantage of the development and growth, just a few years to tens of thousands of men. Intensified the conflict between Communist struggle, and the future was almost ruthless Communist Party, the Kuomintang was drowned a few, are orchestrated by the Comintern this "joining" kicked off the show. Can not say that the Communist International had expected such a result, it is even their results are not expected.As a unified command States highest Communist movement of the Holy See, in fact, the Soviet Union in the hands of the puppet, it gives the Chinese Communist Party and the KMT has never been a good idea, how bad is bad ass ideas. With this in mind, Stalin was later also had to face when Mao Zedong was recognized.


If the KMT-CPC cooperation way, really "together" instead of "content", between the Friends of the party rather than the party in the party, the occurrence of future conflicts and cruel as fierce struggle is much less likely to go. The predecessor of the Russian Communist Party Russian Social Labor Party, the party formally split into the early days of the Bolshevik (majority) and Mensheviks (minority). Whether the doctrine of the Communist International to copy the experience of the Russian Communist Party, the Kuomintang in China intend to artificially create a "Bolshevik", probably never find the answer. In fact, the KMT's these "Bolshevik" can only be "Mensheviks."Once the continued existence of the "pure" nationalist feeling in the back, it is difficult to escape the blood of disaster. This is followed by the Russian Communist Party. After the victory of the October revolution, Meng svik attempts to form a legitimate opposition party, the results were suppressed, many men were forced to flee svik molecules. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek of the handheld dubbed "the second incident, the Communists in parts of the massacres, the KMT-CPC cooperation completely rupture.


Overseas scholars, who ironically won the KMT but the Communist Party of Mao Zedong's famous statement should be: "the gun out of the regime." Means that the Communist Party of militancy to the gun to conquer the world, the lack of public opinion and moral foundation. In fact, this is forced out of the Kuomintang, or the KMT to learn it. Kuomintang regime earlier, are that it is not the gun to break out of, but rather elected by democratic elections it? It first attempts had been engaged in a while "democracy", as the Murdered Son of a gunshot, found that path a dead end, a bite picked up the gun.The establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, warlords, and the opposition party, the Communist Party, was also forced to hit Japanese. The KMT regime from the master to exit the continent, not a day without a gun fight. Before the Communist Party and does not have its own armed, just follow the KMT stem, in several positions, all of a sudden one day be driven out, beaten, not bitter experience, desperate to pull up my own armed forces? since his army pulled, it also won, you deserve it relinquished the KMT regime, despite the heart and not feel jealous, that say "play for real guys". The play is you first get out. .


No matter how the Communist Party of KMT, exaggerated, it ultimately underestimate the opponent. History has proven that it is not a Communist Party. Its powerful regenerative capacity, seems far from being an ordinary sect or party phenomenal. We should also look for reasons.


Ah Q in mind revolution. .


1921 on December 4, that is, the Chinese Communist Party to establish by the end of that year, Beijing begin the morning supplement series of Lu Xun's novel "q". The story of the significance of the Chinese culture does not have to say, we have only to look at, in the eyes of revolution, and the Communist revolution in rural areas was launched — is alike.


"Rebel? Interesting ... ... to a burst of white helmets white A's Revolutionary Party, are holding a board knife, Gang Bian, bombs, foreign guns, 三尖两刃刀, hook sickle gun, walked Tuguci, cried, Ah Q! with go with them! 』So go together. ... ...." .


"This is not a group of men and women is only funny bird miles, on his knees and cried," Ah-q, he who hears him! "!".


"Thing, ... ... straight into the open box to: ingot, Yang Qian, Yang Sha Shan, lady ... ... scholar Zhang Ning-style bed before a move to Tuguci, in addition to the money they put tables and chairs at home - or also with Zhao's strike. ". .


If this is fiction, it doesn't matter if you smiled. However, a few years later, Xun's revolutionary indeed. In 1927, the spectacular Northern Expedition as a backdrop, the majority of village in Hunan province farmers ' movement off — "xiangxiang prohibition ' cake I ' — a big table. Xiangxiang II has a pleasing daughter-in-law, cake, farmers who defy the ban, a group of people crowded in to spoil their torches. 」。.


"Qing-made small local population register, with Zheng Ce, singled out two good people into the Zhengce, bandits and other bad guys into the other register. Now some local farmers have threatened those who took the matter before the people against the Farmers:『 them into the other register! 』." .


"No agricultural tuhaolieshen home, a group of people pouring in, kill the pigs out of the Valley. Tuhaolieshen Lady housewife of gums, or you can step up tumble. Ready to catch people daigaomaozi tour, ' poor gentleman! today know us! ' to do whatever they want, all anomalous in the village of terrorist phenomenon. (Mao Tse-Tung the Hunan Nong *** moving investigation report).


Hunan Agricultural *** Fixed the rise of Mao Zedong's rise to great interest and concern. He spent 32 days time, in-depth site visits in rural areas, and finally to write his famous article of his. Agriculture *** Activity in the end is the "revolution" or "riffraff movement"? Is "very good" or "very bad"? At the time had caused no small controversy, which even the Communist Party, there are a considerable number of people opposed, such as the party's General Secretary Chen.Mao Zedong's taste, from which you can see the opportunity for the Chinese revolution, while screaming "good" side of the presents for the Communist Party was cherished mob theory: "the revolution is not the issue, not a painting embroidery, cannot like elegant, quiet, refined, and frugal. Revolution is a riot, is a class a class of violent actions. 」。.


Such a revolution, who acts as the main force? According to Marx, Lenin's theory and practice of the Communist Party States, of course, workers in the vanguard of the working class. But China's situation is entirely different, no one called China a strong and mature working class, to complete the classic style of the communist revolution is impossible. Mao Zedong offered to farmers as the main force, proceeded to put forward to the "encircling the cities" of roads, this is the "Mao Zedong Thought" essence. The so-called "raise millions of workers and peasants, with one heart, ill-foot red chaos." In fact, farmers should raise millions.Chinese workers, especially workers, too little, and the number of business community of farmers disproportionate. The Chinese working class revolution in urgency and firmness, and farmers, even and intellectuals. There is very little of the Communist worker leader. In the 1930s, the influence of the Communist international and the direct assignment, Xiang zhongfa, Gu shunzhang, Peluffo Quentin into the core layer, the CPC Central Committee, who also served as the highest nominal: General Secretary, but these three men were arrested for flipping.


China's huge population base of farmers, their hard work, thrift, patience, peace, as recognized by the world. But there is another character on them, that Ah Q-type of rogue. Once stimulated, can produce a huge rebel force. Farmers have very good individuals, this is not to discuss this article. We should discuss as a group of farmers, the Israeli-Q for the image of the behalf of farmers. I really do not want to list those weaknesses of human nature: cunning, ignorant, insensitive, selfish, mean, narrow-minded, greedy, petty ... ... do not want to wilt them piled to the farmers, as their identity.In fact, just a literary image, with a long life, because it reveals Chinese nationality.


Draw tens of millions of farmers. .


Ah-q groups exist, the Chinese revolution has a strong social foundation. Mao himself was aware of the Chinese peasants, farmers have the spirit of revolt and rebellious tradition. No Chinese dynastic succession, as often, almost every dynasty has so many peasants ' revolt. Chinese farmers Boh, this is not fake, but it is also true that grip could dare to do it. "Give a shave, afraid to topple the emperor. "Forcing people to rebel, rise up, guys Xiaoju flocks, banditry, Zhanshanweiwang," driven to revolt, "when the bandits when the robber, has been called righteous folk, a true man. Zhou Enlai and a group of professional soldiers led the Nanchang uprising failed, and Mao Zedong launched the pure peasant-based insurgency has been successful harvest. Mao Zedong said: "The mass movement, in fact, the mass movement." Sports people, mobilize the masses as much as possible (during the war years was mainly poor farmers) in the rogue nature of the established order to achieve their political aim is the success of Mao Zedong's life Important tips.Not only is the KMT armed, even the peaceful era deal with party rival, he also used this recipe, such as the launch of the cultural revolution to overthrow Liu Shao-qi. This is way down the line.


Of course, these peasant rebels, sooner or later to become professional soldiers, as hundreds of thousands of Red Army, hundred million, the Eighth Route Army, the backbone of the backbone of the millions of People's Liberation Army, a bigger way, the generals, as the history of countless started by rebel , born as low emperor. Can not say they are rogue, can not say that the Red Army, the Eighth Route Army and the People's Liberation Army is the rogue army. The fact is, the Communist-led army discipline and, with the ancient and modern than any army are called "Qiuhaowufan the upright army." The famous "Three Rules of Discipline Eight Points for Attention," Mao's later years has been sung. Of course, depends on who is right.On the General poor people is "no" to "stitch tuhaolieshen" was made. The reds era, "tuhao" is to win the political slogan, farmers are also means of struggle and purpose, is the direct source of military spending. Make a "tuhao", you can get hundreds of thousands and thousands, silver dollars. This division between rich and poor, to the struggle of class, relaxes the looting of private property, "encouraging some people get rich first", "tuhao" emerging today is obviously incredibly absurd things, but it is nonetheless a revolution.


According to "Huang Kecheng readme", Peng Hong Sanjun leadership group scored Changsha, "In order to raise funds, once the city of Changsha capitalists, businessmen all captured in order to behead and burn the house with embrace, forcing it to hand over money to. The results, which scared the capitalists and businessmen have fled the Changsha. "Huang Kecheng will be one of the top ten after, the Lushan Conference, together with Peng's plight for the people," outcries of "right-wing anti-party group has been labeled the" military club "members of the .Such a right-wing party "always" in remembrance of high-ranking officers, the revolutionary experience, still does not believe that "fundraising" what is wrong, just to raise money without a timely evacuation of the enemy attack were lost regrets.


Beat Tyrant, not so much for stealing money, there are "sub-field." Northern Expedition had a very popular song: "Down with powers to defeat the powers, in addition to the warlords! In addition to the warlords!" Red Army to establish a "Soviet power" when it changed to: "Down with the Tyrant, Tyrant down, sub-field! Divided land!" To the landlord's fields to large farmers, farmers only have the support of the Red Army, the peasants think that it is "Let the team", will willingly lead the way for the Red Army, sentry, tipped off and risked sending salt, cover the sick and wounded.After all, is one of the few landlords tuhao, isolated and combat a minority, has won the support of the majority of the poor, politically is extremely cost-effective, not to mention also the economic interests of stealing money.


China's moral: Tyrant fight bandits. .


Morally speaking, the "quick" is not only consistent with the Chinese folk, as well as in mail and Marxist viewpoint of class struggle. During the war, in order to play the United Front, the route no longer tuhao. The war of liberation "era", and "agrarian reform tuhao" form. Where an occupation in one place, immediately mobilize the masses to q-land reform movement that "land units really busy." When we look back to see the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the war, the liberated areas farmers ' inescapability braved gun, stroller carry out and support the national front of combat, so it's exciting scenes. That shelf, the KMT's country can we not lose? . .


In 1959 the Lushan meeting, Mao Zedong said: "the heroes of the song is an outline of the robbery was born, is taken from the body, from farmers to the farmers. "There are two errors. An outline of the robbery was born rather than sung "; second, the future does not belong to the farmers, who are heroes and dividing. Mao Zedong actually to heroes of the Communist Party of revolution, the original note. The Communist Party is not just a gang of thieves, for compelling reasons and not just robbed others ' wealth. The vast majority of self-sacrifice, of the Communists. In 1921 the first month, Mao returned to his hometown of Shaoshan, the parents took the death of the whole left part of their land to the local farmers. In 1947, as secretary of the *** position and can not free his father was fighting in the land reform movement died. Not only can not escape his own home but also the implementation of strict policy:. .


"The landlord descent cadres must stand to farmers on the one hand, the first is the ideological and family friend, take the initiative to convince families, conscientiously implement the agrarian reform. This is a serious test, just open up the idea that if the opposition leader, masses and the party's principles to the masses don't ', otherwise you cannot clear the air-raid shelter, landlords will destroy it. Hamper mass movement to be expelled, or even to conviction. If the unit cadres forces back to the village of repression Nong ***, farmers can fire. The nature of the conflict is class war. 」。.


Communists sacrifice not stop there. Not to mention the personal property, and even the flesh and blood loved ones can be discarded. War, the just-born baby given to local farmers, which is at the top Communists in general. Zeng Tao Zhu's wife, had three sons with her ex-husband, two sons, born just 40 days and 13 days will be sent to the person, a son of the party come forward to sell 100 Ocean funds to finance much-needed organization.Jiangxi Soviet area, the KMT had sent for lobbying, subverted and Communist party leaders, among them the Red Army-a yellow gonglue parent brother and an uncle, yellow gonglue Zedong and Zhu de immediately report, put them all killed. The Communist Party from such a "special material", any political opponents are not crushed.


Jinggangshan is the birthplace of the Red Army, Mao Zedong before the mountains, there Yuan Wen, Wang Zuo's one armed bandits entrenched. Mao led the team with the mountains of the "Autumn Harvest uprising" of the farmers merged to become "the Central Red Army," the first basic membership. Yuan and Wang have joined the CCP, they are killed by the Communist Party. Marshal He Long, one of ten, 16 years old when the Elder Brothers on the tenth row of old, 19-year-old armed with two kitchen knives started to establish. After the CCP, the story was said to be a "two kitchen knives revolution", in fact, when the bandits.He was headed to 30 individuals took the town mission fangju forty guns, assembling a failed; and waltzed twenty people to attack the salt tax Bureau, grab the gun; the third, and cut up his assignment in passing Cili County magistrate of two guards, by payment of the twenty scattered-soldier's gun, pull up a team. After being incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army, as Commander, army Nanchang Uprising as Commander. Uprising failed asunder, Hunan helong back again ranks, or to the identity of the large old win and incorporation of more bandits, set up a second front red. After the liberation, the Communists, the Communist Party, suppress the Western mass is like when he long such bandits. Many remember the content of documentary bandits, the bandits started describing the story, and Long's acts 毫无二致. After the Cultural Revolution, some Western scholars, who should not be considered as a "bandit", should be considered "armed peasants", as "The Azalea Mountain" grabbed the Chinese Communist Party is not before the Leigang Kexiang team. The problem is Leigang bandits themselves, either before or grab grab Ke Xiang Ke Xiang later, whether or Liangshanpo Jinggangshan type style.He beat mission said how many fangju, if there's one more thing "reactionary armed" then hit salt tax Bureau what? and Rob a Bank, post office, the Inland Revenue Department? enlisted in the cultural revolution as much larger warlord, bandits, but the truth is no one dare to follow the clues, touched the essence of the Communist Party.


"What people say yes, what melon vine end." .


From the cultural revolution in numerous materials revealed, Communist Party leader and senior generals, mostly gangsters, bandits aggressiveness. Mao himself is very good at applying a Master Rogue language, he surprised the fresh "famous" enumerate, as a kind of "discourse" system, are still deeply influencing today's China. Behind him, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, Kosei, Chen Boda, Jiang Qing, Deng Xiaoping ... they are there to make better use rogue language speech. Such as Liu Shaoqi batch Peng Dehuai: Chairman Mao is do you have? Chairman Mao to be back, I had to reverse back to your Peng Dehuai to reverse. "And to Mao Zedong Mingbu Ping Peng:" In my 40 days Yan'an you speak your mother, now 20 days you I speak not do? "Lin said political:" political power is the suppression of the right. "Jiang is everywhere self-proclaimed" aging mother. " Liu of the men complained of inadequate facilities rally his troops: "Do you feel the crotch in the eggs by hand to see or not a man!" Huang Yongsheng former chief of staff is a "drum assault, Ming Jin playing prostitute" in general, He spoke of his experience: "feudal society long robe, close all doors and then Director-General; capitalism is naked, free love chaos; we can only speak for the revolution of dedication, to make more contributions.In the final analysis is to X. "The same as that of Wuhan military Chen and then road arrested for" dismissal of Wuhan mutiny ", and he took advantage of the powerful play female nurses, doctors, art ensemble members such as acts of prostitutes is not money, but also because a copy of" a thousand knives myriad Chen and road is famous for its halls of the country. As Commander of the air force in the Standing Committee of CPC Wufaxian meetings on criticism and Chan, called a "root" and "Hangman", "accomplices and stout", "black sheep" suddenly jump out of the sentence "is your mother sold the X!" light scolding is not fun, but also rushed like a switch-hitter incites his two face. Another general Wang Zhen, Vice-President among the still mouthful of foul language, a flow of gas, pointing to General Secretary Hu Yaobang's nose fell Cup curse, he frequently threatened to kill hundreds, tens of thousands. .


I really don't want to spend their description in the "communist elite life, women, those who spread everywhere, vivid porn story. After all, it's just one aspect of their lives, as long as the country well, stability and prosperity in people's lives, like all their power, only personal style, morality is a problem. I say "hooligan", not the superficial level of hooligans, but political formation of hooligans culture. Lushan Conference approved Peng, the hall a shouting, roaring, where high officials in the central mountains of the attraction best in the world to discuss national affairs, but rather a bunch of Ah Q Landlords Lao Cai in the batch. Chaired the meeting, Liu Paizhuo playing chair, not the slightest excuse opportunities Peng; unexpectedly a few years later, he was the rebels Jiudou in Zhongnanhai, but also allow him a slight excuse, holding a thin one, "National Constitution" also not protect him. .


People say a bony Peng Dehuai, Word, or even "dare to criticize the Emperor," but he's only one person, that is, the Nanjing military commander Xu Shiyou. Peng Dehuai was the Marshal, and Xu Shiyou is on two levels, low rank, how is he afraid of? the original Xu Mao love, which is called "thick shaowen is my Chou Bo". Xu Shiyou "shaowen is true, but the" heavy ". He have taken themselves on loyalty, pet pride proud to those who have no heart. He wine, see will tailor a few large bottle, drink with him being treated unfairly. Refined, such as Zhou Enlai rule him, can only come up with several bottles of Maotai to him and Pinjiu volume turned him drunk under the table before he admit defeat. Mao Lushan meeting heard to say: "I do not believe that the PLA will be with you (Peng) run", he immediately jumped up to lead troops to fight Peng. Xu Shiyou is a typical farmer rogue, in the Shaolin Temple's a good martial arts school, there are a few human lives before the revolution. 16 years old Cattle eat people's crops, people criticize him, took several punches people killed. The second time was in the casino, they also killed a gambler command stick.The third is a veteran in the camp, his house was not good, he has a foot soldier kicked to death. When the captain, he specialized on "kongxiang" money, money just to kill some reluctance to soldiers, "simply and bandits ' tied meat coupon". (Xu Xu Shiyou Kaifu "old age") until you leave the National Revolutionary Army to join the Communist Party, leaving his and his known as grievances of even Minister to kill the transaction. Xu Shiyou officer and member of the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Director of the Central Advisory Board. Politburo meeting after the death of Mao Zedong to hear the report of the medical rescue team leader Li Zhisui through, Xu Shiyou only one person to make trouble, yelled "ghost President die," Hard says he has been poisoned, or Jiang Qing would explain. .


Urban rural beat Bandit rogue.


Xu Shiyou such people are virtuous People's Liberation Army generals. Can imagine, they will be on the battlefield what desperadoes. Rogue's crude prevalent custom, violation of ethics often, starts acting strangely, destructive and rebellious spirit of the traditional social order to break rank and status, the herd instinct ... ... all the features, a rigorous form of organization and a lofty ideal combination of the slogan can be a tremendous force. .


In contrast to the strict form of organization of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang obviously want to loose. Join the party, quitting, quit, expelled from the party,, restores are far less serious, like that of the Communist Party. During the war, but also to play out over the instruction of students ' collective joined the "farce, caused by the Communist Party in protest. In order to strengthen the effectiveness, the Kuomintang party has established a huge spy organization, marl, especially military Commission, whose role is to administer and control of the party, the growth of public opinion, the eradication of dissidents, leader of the eyes and ears. Spy system equivalent to the "gendarmerie", in addition to the Supreme Leader Chiang Kai-shek, who are afraid of it. Sun Yat-sen's widow, Soong Ching Ling, Wang Ching-wei, vice president of Kuomintang, Vice President Li Tsung-jen, who have been subjected to death threats or monitoring agents, not to mention the other generals and ordinary party members. The most famous big secret Dai Li's death, both inside and outside the KMT's disgust for the agents of political sentiment, a voice calling for a reduction of its forces. But the spy agency is only in form convergence, and the role of energy and activity has not diminished. .


Spy politics is a synonym for terrorist dictatorship. The history of China, Ming dynasty's spy system the most complete and most recognized roundly, it is the dictatorship of a dynasty. Spy organization closely, row raised the surreptitious, strict discipline, means of cruel, and rogue confraternity. Dai Li leadership of military manpower, and Qing gang leader du Yue-Sheng, and even tell me often join forces in action. Wang Jingwei seconded by Japanese "" established Nanjing Government after his spy agencies are extremely well developed, and Chongqing both counterbalance and arrogance does not lose the collusion, isn't that the army control. Wangshi agents also have the direct involvement of the youth gang. This tradition and even extended to Taiwan, the KMT's "underworld" background, has not been thoroughly cleared. .


Before joining the revolution Dai Li is an unemployed knaves, i.e. town rogue. He single-handedly created the military Commission, to natives, cronies, relatives as confidential, to act as a responsible position, is a major development organizations. Mao's Phoenix, "the famous secret agent, is this the right way. Another way is to deserters, particularly the Communist traitors. This is because the Communist treachery as rebel is the first enemy of molecules, not excused, on the defection of no turning back, and they may have on the operation of the Organization of the Communist Party, in favor of open gap, subverted and destruction. Served as senior leaders of the Communist Party Gu Shunzhang, Zhang Guo all have become members of the KMT. .


The Communist Party as a result of organizational forms, makes sophisticated use of traitors to the KMT spy destructive energy. But to say that the Communist Party is not afraid of spy damage is impossible. In the Soviet period of "AB" in Yan'an rectification "rescue" movement, and to the Communist Party have after the national regime of "counter-revolutionary" and repression through "frankly history" and even "caught in the cultural revolution as traitors, spies were being hurt the KMT spy scare. These moves, blow your opponents to mainly self-mutilation. A ruthless, self-mutilation way to prevent terror attacks opponent, is also frequently used means of gang organization. .


Expensive Chinese people.


If the KMT is only limited to the dispute between the two parties, possessed nothing to say, the problem is adverse impacts. People may be forced to choose: Do you support or support the Communist Party of the KMT? "Third way" is not, even if you come out, and also the most dangerous one way, the KMT think you are the Communist Party (right), the Communist Party that you are the Kuomintang (left). Li Tsung-jen, in his memoirs that in 1927 launched the Communist Party of Guangzhou, riots, required to support the Communist Party marked the public to wear red scarf. Specifically kill the Communist Party does not wear a red scarf, the KMT was devoted to the killing wearing red.Guangzhou people confused, sad, only suffering. In fact, this "loss, pain and sorrow," which runs through the decades of political life. Even if you are not the parties, even if you're just ordinary people, it is still difficult to escape being a "Communist" or "party" had been persecuted.


After all, the Communist Party victory in the partnership between the two have a duel of rogue forces, rural city of rogue bandits were finally defeated, mastery of the vast power of the country. China is a rogue of full social, which is the two parties to dominate the destiny of the country has an important basis for decades. Why choose the Chinese "communism"? Because the communist revolution and the ideal model of Ah Q coincide. .


To put it: inverse thief xi Hong Xiuquan Yang Qing dynasty known as chaos, weathered over five years. Poisons people hundreds of million, ravaged county 5000, too, vessels regardless of size, all people regardless of whether rich or poor, exhausted, Rob inch grass. Their child into a den of thieves, stripping, enclosed by clothing store, silver and five two and not give a thief who is beheaded. A man, to the meters, drive forward of Pro fit, flooding of fortification Jun-HO. A woman, to the meters, drive the vigils, flooding gives no fortunes m pick of coal. Women are not willing for feet, making Tsam triumphing over them. The boat House and fled into the conspiracy, down to bare its corpse was put on public display. Fu gang in Guangdong since the honor, and Hunan and Hubei Sanjiang as I was the person who threatened the dog line is not as oxen and horses. This its cruel atrocious, and all flesh who has not heard of it, without pain were also reduced. .


Since three generations of Tang Yu, enlighten Sage support mingjiao, DUN-sur-period, the Emperor, and his son, from top to bottom, inferiority, rank so like shoes it is upside down. Guangdong were stolen Yi of threads, the worship of God. Since its puppet King puppet, base underneath soldiers died in battle, were brothers said that only days can be called a parent, and where people are brothers or father, the mother of all people are sisters. Subsistence agriculture will not be able to assign, and that that field are kings of the field; who cannot buy to interest, and that the goods are kings of the cargo; Shi cannot chant of the Confucius, but don't have the so-called Jesus said, the book of the New Testament, cite China thousands of years, the meaning of human over once the canonical, sweep-down. This not only at the Change I Ching, is to open up the odd change since Norm and I cried Confucius by Mencius in nine of the original, where literacy and the person who can do-comfort of Uzbekistan, which also do not think once in a while. .


Since ancient times have merit, not the God, the kingly haruaki, Shinto and secluded, though confused his villain poor fierce ugly and often fear the gods. Li Zicheng's to not commit Shing Temple in Qufu, Zhang Xianzhong to sacrifice Wenchang zitong also. Guangdong were burned and the Government of CHENZHOU, destroyed the main canonizing of wood, where ten-two burned-out Montreal. Adoption is the cross county, destroyed the temple, which devoted as Guan Yu Yue Wang Linlin, all residual pollution, its historic themselves first. Even the Buddha Temple, the city, daoyuan, altar, there is no burning, no not like never dies. Was the total of angry ghosts, a snow this idea but also in..


Part Church life Fengtian, President Division 20 000, land and water in hand, promise to be the hardships, exterminate the fierce counter, save the captives of the vessel I find out who is threatening the people. Irrelevant to the hard work to alleviate Jun Fu Xiao-Gan, and Wei Kong Meng Renlun of dull pain. Millions of lives are not specially reported slew of enemies, but the snow gods for the upper and lower Piru regret. .


Is used to salt the xi and smell. If a man called meaning bloody journey, help me to suppress the symptoms, this part into the Church, inasmuch as the rations. If any gentleman holding the road, pain-ridden Central Catholic's excited enough fury suddenly to Wei Wu Road, this part of the church ceremony in Brampton, the shogunate. If there is a feeling, to donate silver exploits helped drew, gold, given the paid-up part, daughter of the above, fold petitioned best service. If there is a long depression of the thief, meant to kill their leaders back to town to fall, this part of the Church of the harvest, played by offices. If a flight through the years, the number of inches long, the Pro array disarmed, FreeHand users belongs to the sincere, no death, laid back in order. Xi-Han Tang Yuanming in the end, Qundao such as hair, stunning political chaos rests with the Lord, monensin to level. Qin Li Ti child worry today, Respect Xu Min, Tian No Tax, households are not pumping small, to set out deep Jen St., to discuss the tyrannical rogue thief, regardless of Chi Su, after all die, does not wait for the wise and clear carry on. Jordan Phi threatened person, willing from the counter, resist Tenchu, soldiers of a pressure, crash and burn, they can not have more, respectively. .


This church can be fresh, thin, only faithful to the word battle March, on the Moon, there are ghosts, that there are huge feet of water, the Yangtze River are former martyrdom the loyal soul of the martyrs, in view of the clay, salt listen I statements. Xi to as precepts without juvenil reading we now!, history lessons from "the", "author of" the history of the four ", especially in chapters, the author of a history of what the book is absolutely SW a" hunger "," people food "," people heed eating "and what" locusts "," plague "engraved plate, can be said to be at a glance, mind impression without. Think of the history of this ancient records, in modern China, which sometimes can escape and see the body. Once, after personal experience, read the classics, often there is soul-stirring shocked. .


During the war, the author in 1939, after graduating from high school with classmates from three group Western wing sui County, walk to the city and County of the dry town, unified national university entrance examination. Follow the traditional post road, we crossed the mountains to the South. Midway see kerbside a wooden plates, desert areas, banned ". The four other youth, they do not know the second road to the young, together, we will continue to move forward, the desperate and entering a dwelling house dozens of shops in the town. During the summer, all doors and Windows were open. We actually found that each has a dead sometimes and not just one. Some are still half-dead state, painful moaning. Town not see pedestrians, is really a ghost town. Four of us was shocked, and are accelerated away from the town 10 miles further south, into another bustling town. We tried to get in a small teahouse in a small town in the former case, know that this is plague. When it happens, the town residents will die off. Of which there were "four five dead" murder. One more dead body, is said to be passing by the town last night, lodging guests. Really scary stories. This makes me feel old as recorded history of the so-called "epidemics" of meaning。.


Four years later, I graduated from college, but also with the Anhui Association of seven or eight people, by round through the Three Gorges to Xiangxi (Wang Zhaojun home), "from the slope," and then over the mountains, through Henan, Anhui, go back " Running. " Day morning, we are working on a straight road in Henan walk forward, suddenly saw a horizon line in front of a puff of smoke. Experienced peer bystanders say "locust, grasshopper." Sure enough, near the front face to us actually flying locusts. The vanguards of the beginning is sporadic, then that is a large number of troops, Zhetiangaidi come. Summer was originally July when, in Henan plain hot it.But suddenly the grasshopper, portent, wearing light. I saw thousands cicada (cicada) size of the fat of the locusts were two large eyes, howling sound of rushing to come, when one or two feet in front of you, is around you, the two do not collide. When we hand waving bamboo canes, is engaged. May be due to the locust currents, tens, but ten play. Accidental hit, beat it into pieces, the team small. This team of locusts there seems to be a commander in Chief. Among the army of progress, such as hit the green crops (we see is an area of several acres of Baogu field), commander of the order, thousands of small fry, a sudden fall, just listen to a whistle Baogu voice within the field, group worms fighting over food. More than ten minutes later, seems to be the order, thousands of small fry, immediately took off, the remaining Baogu \ Park, saw Duanbi piles of rubbish, a hills and. Lordy, it is only natural, really not see do not believe. I remember the locusts off, also saw a rural grandmother, holding a washbasin, sat crying. She originally thought that struck the basin, can scare away locusts, grasshoppers Unexpectedly, there is no reason for her. .


"They look at Opera to Grasshopper brother," she cried and complain to us, "I call it the grasshopper, they still have to eat my crops. "... The" locust, large locust "history" locusts ", not to see, how to know what's going on?.


As for the history books continue to record the "big hungry people with food," "the people Yiziershi," "hungry, die of hunger everywhere," the story of a class, how can we believe it will occur in modern and contemporary China do? Although the disparity of modern China, but the vast, poor, vagrants and beggars, the famine years, how As millions of people starved to death get, and even cannibalism, and eat his son's level? In particular, we will not believe it will happen for the poor while the leather M, turning over, the people under the leadership of Chairman Mao in China.More wouldn't dream of, but are most miserable, it is the Chinese Communist leather M, to help them "emancipated" pinxiazhongnong?. Who knows the world seldom is the logical development of the human mind. Imagine the worst happen, to occur. Mao Zedong created man-made famine, national it starve millions of farmers, it is possible that the Chinese history of the total number of pictures and starve. This 50-year history of the people's Republic of, any person who has blotted out does not have the hard facts, history, history, people should have the right and the true explanation. But decades of the party and state leaders, and the Party home state historian, secrecy, unwilling to initiate. When non-mention is not on the "three-year natural disaster", a phrase stall trouble. Unprecedented in the nation this big tragedy, it seems that the national history of the fight in the future a "casual eye," can be muddling through. This is how to make it? Well history is history. The future history of the People's Republic, at least according to Sima Guang was the old way, Well our previous running account.Books: after ten years of founding the people's Republic of China, Chairman Mao's great leap forward and implemented policy caused people's communes nationwide famine, three years (1959-1960), 30 million peasants starved to death, "people food", "people food" heed.


Based on China's current social, cultural, political and economic development trends to guess, I personally have repeatedly emphasized that the absence of major unexpected way, then half a century, our history of political and social culture of the second great transformation, probably will successfully completed (most recently in Beijing, President Jiang also said something similar, really roughly the same). That time the world powers Hence, it might have, and USA Today, as he has nine-co-princes, the world does a Marina.The development of human history, is foreign, eastward into the ocean west; monsoon winds down, the overwhelming of westerly winds, Dongfeng prevails, it is logical. A table of Mahjong, which can make a PA Zhuang?.


New art and new history. .


According to the last twenty years the Strait style drastically trend that we can correct it is expected that, over the next 40 years, the incarnation of a new "Renaissance" (Chinese Renaissance), to appear in China. In this new culture movement in history is important, then nearly a hundred years in hiding, truly be broken (not been fetched from the catch into the Red Guard of false to be broken), take a look at the head-shaving, shave their head too, is that non-it-all in the history of the exposure. Go their own authority on her head plugged into sand, the total future historians to be dragged out of PhD, brought to light. .


【 Author Note: half a century ago, the most intense opposition GCD "Western Conference" the backbone of Zou Zou da son tell me brother, his father's biography, is now in the history Department of Peking University PhD topic. Occupationally, this message, is sufficient to put the North history of academic freedom to the world's most advanced academic ranks. Dr. Zou can constitute the future and who can prevent Jacqueline Zhang has become history, sociology, political science, psychology, research in Bangkok? so object, then the history of the ostrich, I'm afraid one by one into the sand head, has to be dragged out. 54 after the traditional history of the "Confucius for the Spring and Autumn, and Luanchenzeizi fear", this doctrine has long been thrown into latrines gone. However, historians now see the trend, this doctrine seems to have heat. Sima Guang as Chronicle, evaluation of historical figures, said: "Ruby on before, is a gentleman; only better than Germany, is a villain." No matter how the times change, the gentleman and the villain, after all, there are also a number of objective criteria . Those interested in leaving a legacy of its three compliments Yan. .


So starved to death 30 million farmers of the scourge's commune, to God, that is three years for "natural disasters", which is an ostrich can self loading up to the moment, three decades of historians, it came out of the basin. But in the people's Government announced all archives, historical home alone in the mountains, and inevitably jilinggousui individual historical materials, it is very difficult to write a monograph on the systematic bottom (monograph). So the author zhuozhu on, only a few words, words and deeds are approximate. But the modern history of calligraphy, the original macro and micro in two ways, in the people's government of "Great Leap Forward" period before the formal announcement of the national archives, the history of macro-governance although not without difficulties, but the product of small National Cheng Kung University, the 10 million individual facts , together with a computer statistics, by the look down upon a large, see micro-know, or be able to comprehend the whole picture of. But this rule is a huge one, is subject to a collective research project (Comprehensive Research Projects), surmount before we can glimpse the leading edge, non-12 retired professor of the history of private governance, whatever also.So in this, we can only briefly as the "plague", "large locust" Silk micro-publishing of the chat for today's readers and future historians, as a personal observation of reference, the user-friendliness for newcomers.


Anhui examples of people starved to death. .


In forty years ago, China's "great hunger, people food facts, since the dead too much, every Chinese family, almost did not have. I myself was born in a big family in the countryside. I got a cousin de hui family starve to death. The original ancestors has a child of six people, my cousins. I then lived long, three German Hui. I studied in America in the war, de hui are still in high school. After the "liberation", is the inability to further studies in his hometown in when a farmer, and marry it included, have two children. During operation a number of land, cultivated of cannibalism. "Three plots, a few old hens, a pair of good wife, two little tricks" for a new era, new farmers, in the "pre-communization after land reform", but also down pretty well from the safety and contentment. Unfortunately, by the end of 1958 was incorporated into the commune, eat the same big pot, 1959 Spring "hunger gap", the commune without rice is cooking, bring their own rations, seeds and grains have long been turned over to the whole family famished. Tak Full Text resort Nai Wang Hefei, find friends and relatives in order to borrow. Cover was urban rations, the Government is still to ensure supplies. However, food shortages at this time the city every family friends and relatives, to obtain loans. Tak Full Text is adding a permanent residence, begging to be living in the city.So no city accounts, back in the country are public. De hui to police as forced return, the three days will be family starve to death. It is said that the police told him that starve starving to death in the country, does not die in the city. De hui was returning home after three days, they both died of starvation.


I obtain a visa by the end of 1972 back to Wuhu Tan Mu, has asked Germany Full Text. The following are his family from mother to prevaricate and not really notice. Eight years later, I again returned to the exchange of professors teaching capacity, at this time is the period of reform and opening up, open the forbidden words, folks are told the truth I Tak Full Text starvation. 1:00 difficult in self-restraint, actually crying at his desk. Reading the history of several decades, I do not know the beginning of the "big hungry people with food," the story of his family also happen to have? . .


The death of hui from Germany, I didn't know childhood Playmate in rural areas: the little turtle, clasping, Yang Taoist, small roots almost all starve, die situation is different. So death to commune deficit, there is no exception. Some survivors tell me that when hungry young men often to the deceased. Strange and Sung, the original young men, often with self-confidence, not starve tijian, sometimes little food, eat your own reluctant, not to feed old is feeding the small, but the kids all ask hungry ignorance, not for the parent heart, as a whole, always hungry and occasionally eyes black, just gone. I was in Beijing and Shandong, and have heard countless stories are similar. .


Most depicted hear, the dead do not dare to stay at home to bury, because often stand at the hungry at night, eating dead also. More can't pawn to parents tend to take the infant children to sleep with a pillow or bedding smothered them, and then steamed with neighbors Exchange "," food. This is ancient history says the people heed eating "living modern Edition. Friends, you're exaggerating? instance to local people, making us a shivering at also.


As for my Anhui how many people starved to death, I remember traveling in the home province, the van driver for my instructions, they killed off a village, a village half dead, fleeing a village, no one has returned to the village, he seems corny, I could not bear to Death listen too. Academic political friends, it is estimated a crop of our province, built in between two million and six million. It is said the Government had statistics. Before the announcement in the official figures, who had no idea of any exact cloud. I have 14 years of party standing of old friends, vowed after his retirement to rest energy, he saw for himself the reality of millions of people starved to death in our province to write down, stay for the messenger.With their first-hand book, the author stated that the discussion on point fur were minimal, insignificant. Remember the smell of absolute truth known to do this, only slightly's also in my preparation.


Liu Qi was promoted to head of state. .


Anhui and Shandong province, in the great leap forward when it is hit, the worst affected by the disaster. Provinces added up the number in the tens of millions of starving to death. If anything, in Europe, North and South America called non-or small compared to the population, the country's death. Think of it not amazing? then other provinces affected by the disaster is Anhui and Shandong provinces of Margaret, so there is no escape for a province, it is correct. People died as is said, the whole party was also of the vibration. Vice President, central leadership, since almost all liuqi and dispatched to investigate. On the commune of "the fat" (this is in the field marshal Zhu de visits the country reviews), and the cry over responsibility. Mao Zedong himself outside in the parade, and sent his players guard, returning home a secret visit. Have also reported an erosion in the country, the military instability. According to the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution was "discovered", who witnessed the disaster of the senior cadres of the serious, the "thousand word book" to the Maoist struggle, the most solid vertical Peng name to history, but a strong emotional reaction, Liu is even angry ; Liu has openly called on farmers to fight back the CPC Central Committee disobedience. .


【 I 】 personal notes on the basis of the red guards came later, researching new materials for a new biography, said: "liuqi, liuqi group, that contained liuqi" first Sino-American Seminar on "China mainland", 1971, Taipei Institute of international relations, page 143, published-156. I was reading the history of the impression that the letter more stresses Michael love reasoning, when at the beginning of liuqi on Mao inhabitants in protest, it stirs, predictions are difficult in themselves, very emotional. She then turned to hold hair group Mao Peng, apparently in the spring of 1959 to Liu "takes a back seat to" results. And Liu but because this gave way, and finally killed, disabled to death than Peng's fate, and surpasses it. .


All provinces, after all, a large number of hungry people is a serious matter, showered, the perpetrators of gross public know the situation is serious, and somewhat remedy. In particular, for decades, and his closest fellow classmate, comrades, a one of two main branches to unit liuqi, Peng Dehuai, are engaged in the nest against the trend. Liu has taken the form of rebellion, Mao Zedong, or feeling a little "tense wee", see above cited Liu, 5 2. Obviously, gross public him beat in Jiangxi, AB mission has sophisticated of playing those old Magic Festival. Mao is picked up enough of the heros, allure venture. He decided to "president" is the most lofty throne to make way for Liu to succeed, to gain the full support of his Liu, Peng Liu to sub-trend. In the tradition of scholarship on China, Confucius would have said, "only with the device name can not dummies," and fight for Liu Qi Mao cooperation today, actually the highest in the country, "Name device dummy" is actually a the largest "a dangerous step." (Later the Cultural Revolution, Liu was Gaosi, the Lin Biao wanted this position, Mao was absolutely forbidden, and raised a son of Lin's "571 program." To say when.) This was a dangerous step in the expanded store-opening can also see the end of the Hero of Wilderness Mao aggressive temperament.Mao look lousy kingdoms he made fun of "father and son are Dolphin dog Yuan Shao," many more ", and does not, cannot, as the defeated by Cao Cao. Heroes are the biggest gamble gambler, you have to turn diluted, Pai Gow, and blackjack, you lose, you have to have a wife & kids "to" table looks like ambition to fanben to be rich. Timid, mothers-in-law "side effect", which can have a casino, a good stock. By Cao Shen, and Liu Bang is wearing a pair of pants, wait until they have to be combined with an insurrection. Xiao Cao Qin people are afraid of "the condemned", who are saying the lead. Later, I caught and Xiang Yu to Liu Bang, and forced Liu Bang to lay down their arms, or head meet. Liu Bang said to me I kill you, cooking up, do not forget, "Yi I share." Boy, this is the hero; Xiao He, Cao, Zhou, Zhang Wentian absolutely can not do, you only let the "mao to lead a" (this is the famous Peng). Chiang Kai-shek is such a person.They the KMT was leather M failed refugee in Shanghai stock, t. Hu Dai Jitao, are the lost, only the "Chiang Wai Kee (Kai-shek's line number) a bucks, so, what specific differences? what? remember Ms. Shen also clouds (Mrs. Huang Fu) told me a story: Chiang Kai-shek micro, a time when the village of bet Pai Gow. Hungry, greets Mrs., Yao, something to eat. Yao a bowl of rice cake is. Chiang Kai-shek took a look, it is not said who has even a bowl with rice cake, the head of the herd gamblers lost past. Because the dealer is not good luck, and the shape of a cake, like Pai Gow "turtle". Boy, this account heroism, Hu, Wang do? Why it lost to the next array. .


This way, Mao is back in 1958, it is placed at the end of the wind, he said that the export will be people's first year "=", vacate. For he himself is getting high, both the President, no work. So once thinking, fearing that caused unnecessary vibration of the country, the first President of the people's Government resigned, and cause the program stable, successor or both him and the remarks to be respectful. Although Mao multisecular give way to the general trend, so manifest most experienced liuqi Deputy Chairman, the person should be doing.


Chairman Mao when the release of this political atmosphere, passionate, has aroused national sympathy for the people, and Liu Vice-Take a shot of loyalty and good friend, the feeling. Originally Well, the founding of the Chinese people how difficult. Now, after founding the world Cheng-Ping Yu, founder, served its purpose, pursued for the country, three generations of the following without Williams St., Nation's future is really bright too. Sure enough, his word, when the second People's Congress in April 1959 set hui Beijing, Chairman Mao humility withdraw, Vice Chairman Liu succession are based on the block. The country is rejoicing. Williams Yaoguan out when I generation, but also glad for the motherland endless.Have you not seen the United States of North America's super rich and powerful, without early founders who Washington, Adams, Jefferson called yin's editors have to be at this point, cover? I have suffered the motherland, and finally also have picked up the pace, the trend today, North American-style and strong, although we expatriates overseas, motherland big float three white also.


Lushan Mountain of the gods of the country will look up to. .


Not hereby also. More icing on the cake. As the saying goes, cloud, blessings forever to always last night. In expectation of the national party, Chairman Mao notice June 1959 more central ministries, as well as local, provincial and municipal clerk in early July, in the resort industry conference held in Lushan, that is, the so-called "Lushan meeting." This meeting was to give the impression of the national opposition consistent is "correction", "left", correcting sanmianhongqi ultra-leftist line correction in a timely manner. Despite the risk of fire, time, the original non-difficult. The Chairman Mao's reputation, as long as he finds errors, it is intended to correct the minute. Therefore, the summer here, we sneak in a few days to a summer resort and rest and wait to correct good news, does that mean "god of will." Mao in particular, around a scholar known several young secretary, Hu Qiaomu, Tian Jiaying, and Li Rui, are rich in poetry (the poetic poetry, their level of three of the old-style poetry, both in the "My lord," above). Now day mountain tour, evening dance, picturesque, contestants clouds. 【These "partner", is transferred from the People's Liberation Army units, and political the most reliable and the most talent Peugeot's "Backstage staff." Although they did not understand style Laocu Peng been slandered as a "concubine election."See the end of the article cited a "memoir", page 8352. 】 Island there is a cold coke in thin, why not wine? all the poetry, the festival more than friends. It's called, on Mount Lushan in early, we all feel that the President and Commander-in-Chief Zhu Tao Yuan-ming's lead, Lushan that lived in Taoyuan Kwu Tung, suddenly the sound poetry again. Chairman Mao poem "the Tao do not know where to go to the order, the Peach Garden good plough" poetical metre, is the "improvisation", issued by the plenary meeting. Four rhyming, scholar of the heel of the whole nation and get started. With a total of the gods, as the proud music also. So two weeks at the beginning of the title will be 19 road, well-organized, consists of six components. Secretaries throne to small for conclusions, we can pack up their bags, each also formed a. Chairman Mao's bold vision, romantic literary grace, god of the Council, this is a temporary event also. 【Li Rui was the General Assembly records, record players with detailed notes. Three years later compiled into a book is irrelevant to the history of primary historical documents, is a highly readable coverage of literature, worthy of repeated reading. Li Rui, see the "Record of the Lushan Conference", 1994, Taipei, cutting-edge community out of a ban ban, a total of three *** page. 】. .


Correcting left to the Conference in the anti-rightist movement ".


But who knows, gross public person, unfathomable. Two weeks will, sweetness and light, just the quiet before the storm. July 14 due to want Mao Peng Zheng remonstrance could not for private interviews, is on a "10,000 word book" to offer some of his own party Large steel, big way canteen personal opinion. He affirmed the Great Leap Forward "gains and losses"; but, overall, more harm than good. Large steel production is limited, take the central subsidies, a complement billion, more than the number of large defense budget. Such as the discount purchase of "consumer goods", pile up, the same can Lushan high. This is a kind of "petty bourgeoisie class, yellow fever," and so on.("There are" four characters have been seized, said public Mao Peng Dehuai were careless fine, the intention to be vicious. In fact, these four words are only copied letter Secretary of clerical. Mr Patten, for the protection of nature is not willing to defend himself. ） 。.


Peng forward this "10,000-word memorial," the time has come. Mao issued his open discussion of the General Assembly. At this time the General Assembly participants, from Liu Qi, Zhou and under the hair do not know what the public gourd to sell drugs, but have measured in the dark silent, "the wind." 【Cit "Record" on page 80. 】 Peng believe both out, the wind slowly, because the history of the feast between Mao Zedong and Peng. Peng did not call the President, not called Viva, do not sing "The East is Red", said transfer art troupe is "choose concubine" does not comment when the name of Mao's big mouth, is well-known party. Peng letter issued today, there must be below, is not waiting for the wise and then ming.Sure enough, on July 23, the public is put away the smiling face of wool, the General Assembly. Mao's speech, historians like it as an important historical document to read, he just has repeatedly emphasized the General line and sanmianhongqi absolutely correct, canteen to do so, "commonplace cousins" (small blast furnace, converter) continue to address the entire article can be said to be the subject of ridicule, seven of the eight la pulled, the General Assembly in serious participants, as senior officials of the State services, but only his private group of eunuchs Wong Mun, preamble and aide-de-camp. Chair of Anhan is phase-level people's personal dignity, was he murdered. Mao spoke bad attitude, actually within the Royal Palace and the Ming Dynasty, "Ting Zhang" is no different, but no public spanking Bale. .


More alas, now ranked first in full towards martial, CHOW, and only 17 liuqi catch the Lushan Lin Biao, Mao's speech, "word", from time to time as required, help hair slipped. A sycophantic, other people will not follow the beat. Week three male lead in Qi Liu Xuesong, other participants over a hundred people, who would dare not take this ring, is totalitarian political saddest place.


Hymn Song Guo as a matter of fact, also a comic cover. You praise Stalin as "the eternal sun", you have to praise Mao was "two sun." Now, praise the President lover, you can not help Ms. Xiang, "Learn from Comrade Jiang Qing." Comrade Jiang Qing, got the upper hand, you have to learn from her, she collapsed, you have to criticize her Skeleton Demon can not, otherwise you're not into the gang of four to remain silent, the right to do their surviving courtiers. The chain set up to sing, you Guolao stage in history, how it is not painted white nose? . .


Therefore, in the historical literature, historical character for their own innocence, unprovoked embarrass itself, histories, blame the Sage, really for wringing their hands over at also.


In short, Chairman Mao on July 23 after a lecture, which between half a day in China's modern history has a key role in the "Lushan Conference," from a god of the Council will immediately become a devil of a . Lamb, Mao simply announced that the "Chamber of the Political Bureau of the expansion", the then China will be held in the mountain GCD "eight in the eighth plenary session," the implementation of the policy, but also to the Three Red Banners, indefinite continue.At the same time to Peng Dehuai, and sympathy with the former general Peng Dehuai credited Tian, Chief of Huang Kecheng, first Secretary of Hunan province week canoe, as opposing the "anti-leather M military Club, is a long-term latent within" right opportunism and "openness, party concedes. Mao claimed to lead the party, to promote a "rightist" mass repressed. (Note: the "anti-deviation in 1959, and 1957" anti-rightist "are two different things. In the anti-rightist movement is the right of non-party party big mouth in order to fight against the right of the object; the object is a party to Peng Dehuai-prematue high-ranking. ) Wind direction established, the mountains are immediately ordered to guard against the "military club" members of the Peng, Zhang Wentian, etc., to be "isolated reflection" (Lushan meeting with Mao uphill security is security of Beijing's Central Division, also known as 8341 units one squadron), so Suddenly no separate not only meet Peng Zhang and other opportunities for sightseeing tour of free, or even eat in public dining rights at the same time also denied. Ancient books called "Restricting" pro-test of the carry on today. .


Mr Patten on entertained under the Constitution of the forest.


See Mao at the Lushan conference of public late change of face, know he is not Washington or Jefferson, but not out demise of the Tang Yao Yu Shun. He Liu Qi being kicked on the tower, just a concessions in order to end the use of clever trickery only. He is not the end of Liu Chilla to Take a shot of his level of support, Lushan, Mao is not dare to open the will. Between Mao's powerful, not only do not fight no grasp of the battle; he did not open there is no absolute master of the will.Now, weeks on had tamed as sheep, prolonged illness of Lin Biao, is to add the Defense Minister, was only recently liuqi "abdication of the Emperor Jiaqing", the Regent of gannaotudi, keeping promise, is. GCD in China, Zhou, liuqi, Lin Biao three kindred, Chairman Mao for what is not? this is him off "Lushan Conference" absolute mastery.


Due to limited space, the following "Eight in the eighth plenary session," one-sided grand grant Peng, and Peng Zhang and other "rightist opportunists" and forced to self-examination, admitted that unwarranted "military club", against the party to seize power conspiracy, and all sorts of arbitrary and unbearable, there is no waste of ink necessary. Writing history here, people have to make a strange phenomenon, that is the purpose of the meeting of Mao, Peng was originally to replace the Defense Minister Lin Biao.Before the meeting, Mao took this particular plan is hidden until the plenary Assembly of the people, everyone to join the group before Mao Peng, publicly he and Peng Dehuai historical scores original from Jiangxi era began, he there is already a "conflict", seven sanqikai, one third of the cooperation. Peng historical M against leather, wool, and reigned in the party's scores, he soon replaced, "his" was just a pretext for the triggers and..


Of course, needless to say, the Lushan Conference, Peng was dismissed, decentralized Chengdu, Defense Minister Lin Biao was formally received long. Secretary of Defense in the Imperial era of aristocracy called "Bingbushangshu." Two thousand years of imperial tradition of Evolution in a Bingbushangshu, a set of complex procedures, to show respect for the country name device. Cabinet ministers, not Mabian adjutant, or health care nurse, want to change to change, and it always has a range of arrival and departure procedures. But the Lushan meeting adjourned until August 16 when the Central Standing Committee and Central Committee plenum, were not found to dismiss the formal proposal Peng Sheng-lin.This issue has occurred in the recess of the following day (17), a supplement Mao informally small central workers Council before making a final decision on the withdrawal of Mr Patten, Member of the forest as first Vice President and Secretary of Defense. And then sent to the Standing Committee to consist of, to cover a rubber stamp. Strictly speaking, this appointment is contrary to the Constitution, contrary to the law of the land, but Maogong really are flagrant,. Historians such as law on this matter, that is really for the modern Chinese political, social, and cultural transformation of medium and large, unavoidable backwardness. If in future the leisure, to write about topics related to the legal system in transition, when the re-refinement of. .


All dictator are mentally ill.


In short, in 1959, "Lushan Conference", this from "correct left" to the "anti-rightist" end, is contrary to the whole party, and the whole nation unexpectedly. The key really lies in the great dictator Mao Zedong's an idea. The temple of major political state, he changes in the elderly according to their mood, in an idea can make a 180 degree turn. A Department of Public safety Mao world. One meter above the evil thought, the poor little people below, landing on the 10 million head of.Therefore in China five thousand years of history, unprecedented starved peasants million over three years of the so-called "natural" from failed in Congress. We need to appease the 5000 years of fathers, and the future of millions of new generations of compatriots, and explain the sentence, which brings in starvation death of men dying, no need for it. They wronged dead person, for hair? To their health, hygiene, to die the death. Would it not make reading davil tears at the inoculation site.


Moreover, Mao at Lushan meeting. Also continue to emphasize the twice: "repressive anti-leather M, kill a million, it is essential. 【(See above cited" Record "Back ? ○ VII page 344.) Then he said easily. He did not know, 100 people lined up to hundreds of pitches to accommodate? After the killing, to dig a hundred real "mass graves" can reason to carry on. Friends, do you think people who say such things, "mental health" is no problem? In fact in his later years, Mao Zedong, has a mental illness, he was suffering from very serious "paranoid" and "schizophrenia" can disregard for human life if this.(This psychiatric symptoms is always suspicious of his patients themselves in adversary attempts to assassinate him at the end of the siege, he wants to kill all enemy, their own security. In fact, this kind of mental illness in many personality stubborn old grandfather, the only General old grandfather can only be played his wife, called cursed Sun, little damage. ） 。.


I engage in comparative history, and reading Chinese political history, and political history of the world, know that the spirit of cases, more than one people in Mao. All the great dictator, old age is so. Later years of the emperor, is a serious mental illness. On Hitler's German historians, historians talk about Ivan the Terrible of Russia, about Stalin, the end conclusion is the same. (Peng's another big indictment, he also said that Mao Zedong in his later years, as "Stalin in his later years.") Why is this so, it is a major issue in psychology, a long story. Subordinates to do this mentally ill, then the old poem, "伴君如伴虎" the.Make the most of Mao Zedong's confidential Secretary for a long time, but finally forced to commit suicide genius jiaying, often lament that Mao erratic, hard to wait on.


On "Lushan Conference", today the most complete first-hand data, should be the last quoted Li Rui was the "Record" has. I chewed the book, it is easy to see, "Lushan Conference" of the picture. It is the end of the overall operation of a power is unlimited, but also lawlessness, the great dictator Mao Zedong as its main thrust. He can in broad daylight, the red mouth of white teeth, pretty, right and wrong, change is non. He is clearly driven 90 million workers and peasants, the elderly, to making Iron, he just wishes to say that it is the 90 million people to his support, Peng only one person singing the anti-tune.Finally as a rare Peng Dehuai down, with the qualification of Patriot Sage, hard plant, said he "military Club Party seizing power and executed in the hands of the mob. Peng Dehuai was dead so miserable, death of a family, than the Southern Song dynasty general Yue Fei's killing Qin, the hair a as Qin Hui far from the truth. Because Qin Hui also recognizes Yue Fei counts as groundless, not like a hell of a plant hairs well.


Four years have passed, and now two of the tomb of Mao Peng wood are arch, I push the mouse, the letter of the Executive Jane, between right and wrong, would not Jiao such as Sun Moon? But then dozens of the country over the central and local state policies and central to phase, and Fengjiangtaili, revolve around one person playing Mao circle. Not management, unprincipled, all full with his whiz. He elderly, in the political and moral life, fickle, a pure no rules to follow Mexico. The day and night and the illusion is not actually exist, "enemies" with confrontation.This state of mind of a fantasy, 1956 eight attempts to suppress gross, is his illusion on an ever present shadows. Twenty years later, he then caught in the illusion of a Maya, and obsessive pits, and a dark Devil swells, die. Affairs in such a mentally ill patients, dictatorial, rogue, not worse? review, stained, and past with present, how can the waste volume came to?.


Worked with the longest hair, hair has the deepest known Mr. Li Rui, Mao's fault that is a superstition of his childhood on unawakened radical communism, Mao and even to engage in China, "abolish the family system," Utopia. But the radical communism, it was just a hair of a public source of the disease, to Mr. Li Rui overemphasized. Su Shi's poem for Lu said: "The cross as many different angles, near and far different level: do not know the true colors, only from within the mountain." Mr. Li Rui stressed it was just a "cross-ridge as" part; is "living in the mountain" impression.Our treatment of comparative history across the ocean, you feel that Mao was a lunatic. This of course is "side as another part of the peak". Want to know the truth of this "Mao", I want to become indispensable to the mountains is a mountain range, the elements are concentrated, and computer analysis, it is far from the truth.


Reading history may want to ask, why in modern China out of a big dictator such as Mao Zedong, then? Both out, the people of China, lower-ranking civil and military, and all the people YUN  nephew has Liao demise pennant  Wu empty kitchen Huang Shi hunt ⒉ shortage Jay Herself strands of  Chung Wong pry Road, Chun-I to defend, R lies to drop members Waugh   Qiang fade stolen Posthumous vent   II Tomb  cylinder  discussion Ting ditch school ? just a traditional monarchy of using borrowed. He is the last of our history, a tyrant. To deal with this tyrant, we have always been small way.This is the political system of a bottleneck issues, don't you see, the Qing dynasty Manchu and Korean martial, a dictatorship of the old lady Dowager is nothing to be done. Cite this side, which can be thought of only half the truth..


People's Liberation Army blood transfusion. .


"Lushan meeting" direct consequence "of Mao Zedong's absolute authority in China" (the Absolute Power). Word cloud: the absolute authority of absolute corruption ", this is the last of Mao Zedong's life for 20 years, China's politics of absolute phenomenon. Wool is a selfish autocratic tyrant, but Mao is not stupid. Instead of playing with political maneuvers, he was nine. He was in the "Lushan Conference" while "victory", established his own absolute authority, but he also knows that a large number of national long term starve is not always. Therefore, the Lushan meeting, he will be able to let go and let Liu Qi to clean up the mess, his party and government work, retreat to the "second line." (The "second line" of action, the readme is the end of 1959 Mao, he automatically raised. To 1962, Liu Wizards serious implementation of the second line of his leadership.) To Mao's reputation, how he able to "step aside" mean? But the public is a resilient bottom Mao quietly men. Ancient books also read too familiar. He knew things has its root, things have circulates, know what has, then Jindao carry on. His first task was originally a busy time, the whole army. Well, the whole army, with gun in hand, still afraid of engaging in party politics, do not listen.So he put party politicians, go to liuqi, although he had done on Liu, or remote control to control.


Why does the whole army of Mao? Chapter not said before, after the Korean war, the PLA has not been fieldwork and normalization, all turned into the end of his "loyalists" (the KMT and borrow a term) yet? What can be the whole of it? Does not know that these own army, now controlled by the end of his loyalists generals (Peng, Marshal Lin Biao, etc.) hand. After the Lushan, Peng's military power he wins out, and the decentralization of Chengdu engage Peng "three lines" (Mao's time, both sides prepared to fight the Soviet Union, defeated on the retreat to the mountains of southwest China Dahe going, long-term guerrilla. southwest valley, is the gross public's "Third Line").But instead of Peng Dehuai as Secretary, was more than Peng Zhang Fei treacherous million times by Lin Biao. He cannot be relieved Pang, Lin was fear going to happen. Furthermore, Huang Kecheng is after, on behalf of Huang Chu is a bit out of police spies another "Whampoa" Luo Ruiqing. This is so that the hair does not sleep at night for another "legitimacy". Good, this one military challenges are resolved, he was not going to get out of the party.


In Mao's view, his question about the PLA's solution, and only to a military big shake-up, direct descendant of all the generals, at least outside the war will back staff, soldier officers (13 Army march in time general) all replaced, and replaced by new blood (if the original system, Zhang Guo Xu Shiyou, Chen Xilian, etc.). Not all change, we must replace a large portion, perhaps that each can occupy each. So proud of the direct descendant troops, not rebels, engage in rule as emperor. .


【 I 】 Xu Shiyou surge of sticky notes, it is a very interesting story. Xu Yuan Shao Lin Temple of clasping, martial arts, Wu Peifu followers as small officer. In the 1930s into Zhang guotao's four front because speak exclusively promoted to Commander of a Division. She is a renegade Communist, the four front Associates popular legitimacy of Mao, a Mongolian interviewed Mao hui he knelt down and cry. Hair waved his: "up, up, or go back to the front lines. "Xu to restore" flair ". Step-up to Nanjing military commander. As a result of the hair of the gannaotudi. Of a particular exercise of its military principles of Mao, Hui flagrantly answer was: "The President pointed to where, where I hit." Blind loyalty of their hair known. Later in the Lin Biao Incident in the process, admission as the main force on forest monitoring. I had written a short comment on the promise of military transformation in modern China that is an important phenomenon. Chen Xilian who is also the Fourth Army. Mao actually promoted it as the last commander of the Beijing Military Region. The original 13 Army elements, which are to a sense of injustice. At that time, recuperate and died in Canada, Zhang Guo, Hui Chen on China jumped to a sense of excitement is. I have friends who have visited the History of Zhang Guo, talked for a very detailed story of the Fourth Army.I still keep the tapes.


Will not be special troops, the President may be to. .


The second step of the whole army is to learn, to engage in "for yourself would not specifically soldiers." All leading officer can only take the lead, not to have their own private soldiers, like Zhang zuolin, Wu Peifu or Li Tsung-jen, Feng yuxiang. Or even like every Division. On this point, in the week to help make the hair has been a great success. Subsequent adjustment of the military, Commander of the shift can only feast, not with private guard or a large number of staff, the collective. This system comprises weeks. For weeks in the People's Liberation Army has high prestige, but no private system, he proposed, can convince the public, but also a heavy suspicion can rest assured the emperor also. Brilliant week for many of the less ancient minister is his main power high without shock. This is the highest art of playing the political realm it. .


Will neither designed soldiers, the Defense Minister, Chief of general staff are specially designed for military and political officials cannot encroach on the command and command system. In this way the CMC Chairman or the Chairman of the party, which can be, both the direct command of various branches such as arm so that means also. So, although the defence of Lin Biao, but there is no one around him and even, in a row, as well as a class, you can command a guard. He can launch a $ 4 million PLA to learning and advocacy "Mao Zedong thought," but not mobilize the army for the liberation of a mission, to listen to their arbitrary command. Under his rule, there are 100 naval vessels, aircraft and thousands of planes, but the addition to 12 non-armed, and used for transportation, he also can not be any mobilization of 12, for their private use. Vertical is exclusively for his use of travel and aircraft, he can always fly overhead, and open to the sea, but the opening and closing the airport, port switch, he has no right to command. As his family last instance of air navigation, space, he can fly up; land, he can not easily fall. So I buried overseas, sink like a stone had. Mao Zhou such arrangements in the military, it is the "Journey to the West" on the effort of the old Buddha.The Monkey King, the 1500s a somersault may cry over countless tumbles, only to find no pulls out of old Buddha's Palm.


Luo Mao who the public trusted, then Huang Kecheng for the People's Liberation Army chief of staff, and finally got his suicide, folding legs, settling the impasse, is guilty of China, "Twenty-five Histories" on, say a thousand times the old trouble, he not "good body means" and try to be smart results. You are the spies came out the big secret, and now they take a long military power, military special two-body cross-border, but not a good body intended, hard to go to "appreciate the pains taken leader" (This is the big secret Dai Li and the KMT's mantra) is, however, Lin Biao to consort, poking military power, engage in any "military contest," it not superfluous, folding legs, settling, Siyouyugu? . .


Luo Ruiqing another apparent point, is that he also Mercurial Lin Biao's against the limited, non-forest also remove. Cover farm back to imperial time Pang, is intended. The time now is the eldest son (in the military in its name). -The eldest son obviously as the KMT army Chief of staff and Defence Minister Chen, Bai Chong-XI. The Maoists to balance his pawn. This piece does not take off, he tried to grab the entire process, you are always in the air. Forest has remained steadfast to inter, wool and sat watching Tiger Hill, and bucket system, without protection, the eldest son of the sky.


But Mao's the manipulation of the public on the government, and military characteristics, and focus only on the focus, not pro-chores. On the day to day management of affairs and details of the arrangement, he would totally depend weeks. The week is one such person, on the bow hair also do paralysis, dying. In the Lin Biao incident, the week leapfrog command, direct access to the Central Guard Division, a company can carry on surprise. .


Damage to the party, Government, and military systems, Leapfrog command.


Today, we look back at history, Mao Zedong in 1958, engaging in co-operative, engaged in "Rural community unity" the largest in the risky move is undermining the existing government, and military systems, engage in leapfrog command. In the human world history, GCD is the most organized of a large gang. Needle inserted in it that do not enter the water seepage through the Great Pyramid is not, the layers of control, lower obey their superiors, the whole party to the Central Committee shall not be violated slightly. They promote policies, is also starting from the spire, layer assignment, look at the nature of the policy, under the provisions of a layer up to a certain level.But in 1958 to engage in "commune", and "social integration", Mao Zedong and put this system completely destroyed.


The so-called "villages," originally "Thousand Years are akin to the Qin system" the lowest level of administrative units (Taiwan today or so). However, in 1958 Mao began to engage in "communization" when the so-called "rural community one", that is, the "town" at this level administrative units removed and replaced by "commune." "Commune" is not a government agency, it is the primary institution of communism, is embracing people's lives, from birth to cremation, all grabbed overall.Therefore, the introduction of the rural community in one "how serious" restructuring "of the old rules by GCD?, should provide a detailed planning of the CPC Central Committee and related documents, and then smooth careful pilot. But hair hearth in 1958 to engage rural society and nature, he completely lost the old incense, for the moment only one command, just a few weeks nearly a million "high society", composed of twenty thousands outside. This undermines the system of Mao Zedong, Zhou issues; the humiliation, liuqi voice says: you open your Peng Dehuai, moaning, a big mouth. 【See the lead, "Record" on page 225. 】 He scolded the results of the above section has all the details of Tao, but unfortunately, Liu ranks high because of former Chairman Mao Take a shot of good friend, the feeling, actually, at this crucial issue, of the hair chimed in, carrying a conscience conspiracy to usurp the party said Peng, and pointed the nose Peng said, "to usurp the Party and its up to you, why I come to usurp the Party," and so on. .


Because both inside and outside the party was not a word of dissenting voices, hair is not done, the party, Government, financial, diplomatic, and so the old system, one breakdown. (Gross amount of the aid, often in spite of China's own financial difficulties, and that good figures behind, plus a sphere in China at that time, nor is it a secret. ） 。.


Correct left climax of "七千人大会." .


When you take a back seat to Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, close cooperation between their armed forces to get big shake-up, liuqi xinzhengda President, always busy, busy. In fact, in 1959 from his spring as head of State until 1966, the "cultural" large leather M, the outbreak of the seven years (1959-1965), his position in 1995, the national one, is his life's golden age. About the life of President LAU, LAU, Liu's wife went missing after Wang guangmei sentenced to death, I sense due to the occupation of Jean-Georges Vongerichten has fine to, try to make a final theory of Liu. Have outlined above, because after all he is also the history of our country one of 400 dozens of the emperor, who read history should not ignore him too. Now 30 years has passed. I recently reread the old to make, that no amendment is necessary too. Have leisure time or another renumbering of the order fails to invoke experts and serious readers, many of the details on Liu's story, this will not repeat the old theory of the ... .... However, I scrutinize the President Liu seven years in power The People's Republic of China, Shi Jiabing the written straight, wrong though inevitably, greater than it can not tell, and their actions, work in the pepole, have great obviously. .


After his death the first item you want to, there is no doubt that it is the policy of the ultra-left, Mao slowly roll onto the head. Starve capital gradually ebb. For example, he wanted to return to the rural system, before the "commune" in the golden age, after the land reform, back to the "three self a package" or "household" old, but he was only a matter of fact, while avoiding its name. He did not dare to use apparently the old term, because the old term was Mao as "back" and "anti-leather M", "reverse social HZY, restore the old system, the name zerentian." In fact it is apparently too. However, the Liu said this "New Deal" (as did Roosevelt in the United States before World War II by the insolvency practice in rural areas the "New Deal" NewDeal do), but giving top priority, say the Chamber, to break the casserole, then tens of thousands of non- words can not make meaning. To the author within the first chapter Chuan had, briefly, will not repeat here. In short, the principle of Liu is a "retreat" for the word, from the ultra-left policies of Mao Zedong's "back" down, and the people a rest, and then summon the energy, to start from scratch since. .


Liuqi this policy has been successful. Rural areas continue to starve, the reign of terror, in 1962, is essentially a stop, back from the dead to rural areas, to restore prosperity, ab initio, Shaoqi power also. Some late in Anhui Province, in spite of superior's timid, and bold from the so-called "experience" of Anhui Province, has played a key role in the leisure time when continue to post, organize, save perhaps few history for later generations, real history PhD, the track continues to explore.


Liu's efforts in reviving the rural areas among the inevitable is also slightly conceited, and contempt mao psychological and action. In Liu minds, and that he and Mao presided over the party in the state of public administration at large, equal, Hence, it was originally only right and proper (note: not for this week has always been like). When the country too long, they should be retiring from office retire and do "Honorary Chairman" is also a logical things. In fact, eight in the PRC-wide meetings, when the party constitution, in Liu's motion under the once listed by the Central Committee after the retirement party chairman appointed "honorary chairman" 1. Mao Zedong was that this one is designed specifically for him, Liu never denied.Now that the hair has been "retired", further back as "Honorary President" is a natural thing. 因此在一九六二年一二月之间，刘奇在其主持的在北京召开的中央政治局「扩大工会议」（也就是声势浩大的，前所未有的，党政军财一锅煮的，所谓「七千人大会」）中，作冗长报告时，表面上对「毛泽东思想」恭维上天，实质上却把一九五八年「公社化」以来的虚妄、浮夸、浪费、「共产风」等等的恶政，所带给国家和人民的伤害和损失，批评得比彭德怀的「万言书」有过之而无不及，刘更以国家元首、党副主席的身分，号召全国全党，今后务必要遵从民主集中制，遵从集体领导，以避免再犯过去的错误。 At the same time, hundreds of right movement in "reverse" forced officials and people, rehabilitation, rehabilitation, assigning work, the national voice of opposition to a piece of praise. I have a close relative in Anhui steering Yi, with respect to jail, was released from prison in this be rehabilitated. And look at the Readme: Guo.


1956 winter, I ordered the provincial CPPCC members identity, to the light at County senior agricultural cooperatives to fertilizer inspection, found that the agency had exaggerated the reported food production, to cut newspaper into the output, I honestly made to the province report. Unexpectedly, therefore recruited a disaster. Assumed I was "deliberately against Agricultural Cooperation", "rumor damage." In addition to dozens of political campaigns will be opened, the "Anhui Daily" also on July 9, 1957, July 17 edition twice to half the length of my exposed and criticized. Later, my arrest, in order to reform the current anti-crime sentenced to twelve years imprisonment M.Although the party's Central Committee, a thousand give me vindicated, and when the provincial CPPCC National Committee members. However, agricultural production remained stagnant in. ... 【 See Guo Sung Yi, "How do I participate in rural economic structural reform", in Anhui Province people's political consultative conference and historical data from the European Commission, "the rise of rural reform", in 1993, the Beijing Chinese literature out ban social out ban, page 58. 】 。.


Honestly, this unprecedented "七千人大会" the meeting is indeed Lau in power since the peak of prestige and power. From another point of view, the lowest point of Mao Zedong reputation. Hair surface in the General Assembly also self-criticism, that the mistakes. He is also an anti-three years ago, "anti-action against rash advance", and the eradication of the party "right opportunism" of the old song, along with Liu Qi singing his "pragmatic" in order to comply with co-Liu Zhou's "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment, increase "Ironically Proverbs reform under the principle of correcting the left. .


Both the President put tens of millions of people, chopped.


In fact, Mao's inner heart, the 七千人大会 that forced him to retire to honor the first step towards the throne. The so-called "second line" was originally his 1958 winter, in the "eighth Sixth Plenary Session", the release of smoke, this point was hit by Liu Qi implementation. Liu 七千人大会 correct atmosphere of the left, even the Central Standing Committee into a second-line, hair is divided into the second line, a real "second-line leadership." Later during the Cultural Revolution, Jiang said, according to insider information, Mao on the "七千人大会" is repugnant. However, spot Mao was able to swallow, but quietly, really worthy of a resilient real man.But liuqi this theory, psychology and, on the arrangements for retirement, but enabled him to become the first for Mao thorn kill Mao decides not to anger the snow of the main reasons. Sadly, she's honestly, public-body, while irrepressibly (this is an old acquaintance of mine, his political opponents Zhang guotao's comments. Zhang on other political enemies, such as wool, as have the unprintable comments and despised, but Liu have praise). But Liu engage the political, the party is not enough alertness, lack of defenses, the result a cross Sibuzuxi, the last one even by hair, jealous people, and lead to cut tens of millions of whom accompanied the "decade-long calamity." Chairman Mao and Liu both his power struggle, almost got the entire Chinese nation, but also whom subjugation and genocide, thereby leading to the strong, looked back five years, fellow citizens, ordinary man as the country. Can not make the little people alarmed? . .


Social movements and the three evils clean ups.


Above the "七千人大会" is the 1962 one, in February between (11 January-7 February) held. Liu Qi, after three years in power is, for the whole party and people unanimously support the "correct left" policies of the summary. But who knows, correct left no time in June, arranged by the Party Central Committee Chairman Mao, it is on the end of September in the (September 24 to 27) held a "eighth 10 in plenary session" . In the 10 plenary session, the increased aid in the Mao's insistence, took in June before the open look, "七千人大会" the correct policy on the left, all the translation that calculated.Throughout the meeting, Mao insisted the whole party continues to implement "class struggle". He insists on "class struggle" to "everyday, every day. "【 See cited on the" history ", volume three quanjian, page 2841. 】 。.


Mao and at the same time proposed to all sectors of the country to launch a class struggle as the theme of "Social HZY education campaigns." The theme of this movement is reflected in the rural work, is the so-called "Four Clean Campaign": Qing cm, clear accounts, clean property, clean warehouse. Reflected in the city work, it is the so-called "five anti-campaign": anti-corruption theft, anti-speculation, anti-extravagance, and anti-separatist and anti-bureaucracy. This way, the national policy, said Liu Mao factions have become incompatible, the two rival political party. White knife into the red knife out, not you die, that I live. .


【 I 】 notes two politicians, leaders of the two factions, the implementation of two absolutely opposite policy, democratic representative, is a normal phenomenon. At the beginning of the founding of the United States, Washington, d.c., under the leadership of the Party of the continent, is engaging in a one-party dictatorship. Later, due to to agriculture light ' Jefferson, and the mercantile light Nong Han MI, two incompatible, are divided into two party has. The upcoming u.s. presidential election of 2000 was the tit-for-two-party, the most recent contest. It is between two parties victory or defeat for us in China, the relationship between the two sides will have a decisive impact on different bottom, ... ... friend, the American people on different policy options can be used ballots. Why do we have to knife a gun, a dead hundreds of million people? This is the song writer for several decades has stored in the "History of the Three Gorges" of the problem. We are from Imperial tyranny, transition to democracy has not turned in the end. Today, across the Taiwan Strait are still stuck in the mentality of one-party dictatorship of the above. While dozens of political parties in Taiwan today, but one-party domination of the traditional mentality is also very little change.I want in history, "a gap", generally have to wait for 40 years.


Before 10 and after 10, and 23. .


Long story short, this "clean ups, from the end of 1962, Mao Liu two factions to entanglement, wrestling, has extended the three-year (1962-1965) shall pay, by the end of 1965, the Maoist will cut the Gordian knot, by hook or by crook gone" culture "to large leather M. Cultural leather M in fact is a continuation of this exercise, clean ups and Siqing movement is culture big M's Preludes. Mao Zedong's eye movement to pull not clean ups down liuqi, cheat from cultural leather M..


Honest, let's first clean sports four little check, and then, and others. In order to expand four-Qing, Mao in May 1963, held in Hangzhou, a work meeting, the development of a clear guiding the work of four programs, the so-called "pre-10." Liu Mao's time, not officially fell out, Mao policy, Liu had to be implemented. Liu thinks that this "pre-10" is a far-left paper and really put into practice, but also tens of millions of heads must fall to the ground of attack is too great.In order to protect the general good of the party cadres, and possible casualty of good people, Liu is the 10 be amended to become so-called "x." This is in September 1962, Liu si in another work, the leadership of the amendments adopted. This is to protect its own Liu, nor is there a cadre of correcting left background for.


Liu this amendment, about the wrath of Chairman Mao, Mao is almost on "Post 10" enacted, while another held a central working conference, immediately repeal the "post-10", the left and replaced by a more "two 13 "(official name is" education campaign in the rural community HZY present some of the issues raised "). The two on close combat to Mao, Liu, non-fighting to the bitter end, not open handed. .


As they wrestle Chairman, shall be open to slam, the author has 32, then as Director of Chinese books. Every morning to work, the desk has filled the post office issuing new continent of various newspapers and magazines. As a country sports interest and curiosity, our continent a ban products tracking, can be said to be intoxicated. But when we saw the former 10, 10, and article 23, really get confused and not know that behind the text, what had happened. Wait until the Cultural Revolution M happens, we collected more than 500 kinds of tabloid issued by the Red Guards, to which all read as gossip, there are many a mystery, until suddenly the solution. The original that "before 10" and "23", this is the hand of Chairman Mao set, gold 10000 the leather M literature, and "after 10" is the scab traitor traitor Liu Qi, a vain attempt against Mao, the cooked up the "black paper." This was thought to pass out, suddenly and Wu. So that is! . .


Chairman Mao Zedong is quite like Hong Xiuquan Tenno.


This dragged on for three years of the terrible "four-five anti-Qing movement," a Maoist victory once again be. However, Liu sent the counterparty, and not lost to the next array. Liu winds sent the biggest effect has been able to still sit tight in the Diaoyutai, Liu decades of leather and leather M M historical contributions, of course, is the main reason. The reason why the world can play Ping CPC, Mao Zedong, Liu, Peng Hunan these three fellow Ruxiong close cooperation if the brother is also an important factor. Their cooperation and division, and the early period of the Taiping Revolution M, King and East King, North King, Yi Wang, from the same total death, to life and death, quite the same purpose.【 Author Note: KMT CGX plum, white, yellow-in even after the formation of Guangxi, nor gastight. Subsequently it was saved, they think long hair story about me. 】 Hairy sad is they all hit by half, it grips, so the enemy destroyed. Mao Zedong and they are slightly different is that the hair has been a fervent, day AM minor risk.


But the fights still to be fights for. In this four-five anti-Qing, and then came the Cultural Revolution M, the mao is the Tap will be the end, we should learn in the end of the Hung kings. Peng He killed the king of the East, the North scrapping Liu Qi Wang, but also kill the Yi Wang Lin Biao. Lin and Yi Wang Ground in the same, wanted to secede, and the other into a situation of self-defense, not a, Yi Wang was to learn to fly away, they fail, before they sink like a stone's.Wool to kill his wife partners also want to come out last week against, no one can pull, but reassured hung the last King of learning: Hong Xiuquan can only rely on two bum brothers way 【 see zhuozhu "seventy years of the late Qing dynasty," section on page 15 of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. , Wool you wish to rely on old and nephew way, how to maintain? he finally could lie down into the glass coffin, but not like Hong King to be surrounded by Wong, winding, and input the gutter is Deng said "lucky".


CC Liu Group and the Department of difference. .


Furthermore, the relationship between Liu and hair, but also quite like the pictures of the KMT, and relationships. KMT phenomenon is known as "Mr" weighty in the world. GCD in this sentence, but the fact that Liu "Braised" party in the world. The author has written zhuanpian on "liuqi group", but liuqi group GCD of mastery, but also with the KMT in the CC line. CC is a baseball hitting is not bulk, exclusive highly partisan organization; Liu group is big hill on the Hill. All the mountains have their common culture, and the consistent orientation, and does not constitute a camp like CC as a whole.


GCD's power structure, was originally a large pyramid, covering the numerous large and small, small pyramid. In trying to conquer the period, they can really lower obey their superiors, the whole party to the Central Committee to form a steel fighting organization. Chiang Kai-shek did not understand this logic, a separate head, and to enemy countries (Soviet Union), a party (a steel battle groups), how to be defeated. Within three years the results have been Cuikulaxiu pull out the. However, the general fighting GCD the steel body, tie the world, and we come to a total of the well-being, it is also the general rigid steel. Rigid from the beginning of the spire of the Great Pyramid.Mao Zedong enjoy absolute power corrupts absolutely. Old winter from 1958 to the commune of "leapfrog command, party, special fiscal external operational system. Party cadres at all levels to normal (Peng, the Liu Zhou cadres work diligently following), are swallowing their anger; ambitious, have evil thoughts of cadres (such as Kang Sheng, Ke Qingshi, Project Leadership Committee, Lin Biao , and, later, the Gang of Four), the opportunity up to no good and do evil; general altogether mindless cadres, used five thousand years of imperial worship, and blind loyalty and tradition, they all follow the "Chairman" blindly forward, as did the monk Xu Shiyou, "Chairman means there, I hit there, "thus creating a powerful and far-left Maoist up. .


【 Author Note: Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, is also a famous "leapfrog command" experts, during the war, a war, Changsha artillery regiment suddenly disappeared. Later found to be of the highest authorities in Chongqing to phone "transferred". However, Chiang Kai-shek leapfrog command is just a "bad habits, not great. Unlike wool leapfrog command is all over the party, government departments, and intentional, to limit the powers of the lower leadership. Their damage. 】 。.


But Mao's abuses, and the ultra-left line, between the mountains in the party size is Renwangzhengxi, not really the end of the mass basis. The hill country, such as the Organization Department 20 years of Ziwen sits, and with early "Base Areas" All the crew, "City", after receiving Beijing, the Beijing Municipal inflicted a "needle is not inserted into, water seepage is not through "situation Peng Zhen (This is Mao Peng Zhen's comments); and take charge of southern China, has called the South King Tao Zhu Guangdong provincial party secretary, Mao obedience they are conditional, the so-called There are policy measures are also under.All in all, in front of the "commune" after the land reform, particularly in the Mao Zedong, leftist movement, whole earth, Liu of the left brakes policy, and the soundness of the Hill, the same direction. Therefore in Liu powerful faction reputation "thousand" period, the National Assembly size Hill are Liu lead, and Liu's direction is the same, and so on the surface, they also are the world "Braised" basic Liu party members. So while promoting their hair "-ups being against" leftist policy, engaging in a three-year, Liu actually harmed, and is one of the more amusing the concealed. In this circumstances, the gross public that with the days of fighting, and to fight, and fight against the struggle of most music experts, extraordinary people, we stick to the very thing, built very successful for the reconstruction of his "Mao home world "(His brother Mao Tan laugh at his so-called" Mao Family Temple "), completely get rid of that guilty of rebellion," Liu party ", the national party systems to a big shake-up, his only other choice is the means, and "Great Cultural Revolution M" a freak, so along with it come into the world of. .


From six months to ten years of cultural big M.


"Great Cultural Revolution M" This case history of five decades of Chinese people, the "decade-long calamity" (Deng's conclusion), then participants, victims and later historians have agreed that Mao "personally planned and launched himself and personal leadership "for the implementation of social HZY and communist political movements and clear the capitalist roaders. This movement, from the "communes" to "four clear five against" the background, has had as above. It is the end of the actual objective is to destroy the deeply rooted Liu Qi Group, and Liu Qi anti-far-left ideology, but to reach the absolute dictatorship of Mao Zedong's political movement. .


From the Mao Zedong thought, in theory, since seven, "Mao Zedong", to the senior leaders in any party, or what "Anthology. They will have to seal up the bird, in theory, thoughts and unconditional "followed by" Mao Zedong thought. But there is an exception liuqi. Liuqi wrote several articles on theoretical writings, particularly the world-famous, Mao Zedong's "black book" on the accomplishment of the GCD ". Liu in 1959 as the first head of State, the people who have devoted a large version of the full load. Liu at 1:00 in the sound of whispering under Mao, "Mao Zedong" become dejected against the. Therefore, in the eyes of Mao, Liu's "black book" is the chief representative of all the reactionary theory, the back of the Mount, in the eyes of thorns, his non-radical addition of, the food is not sweet taste, "do not eat sleep drug, and the night can not sleep "(Mao's pet phrase). .


Furthermore, the President of the golden period of seven years, also enjoy a personal glory. Especially when he as beauty that flowers, the 7 year three visits to foreign countries, friends, even the most solemn placed 21st gun heads of State of them. When Chairman Mao's allies if visit, you can only hear 10 *** cannon. Lost in the mile. Liu is a scholar from the Dragon, founding hero, now bridge mutiny, acclaimed, bear bear? friend, people always people you know. In particular, the traditional monarchy of using borrowed in that time, Chairman Mao as the fight back to positions of power, gain back the honor, he would machete, over the wall first, Cupertino directly. Friends, you believe it? President Lee Teng-hui as in Mao's position, it will probably disguise some also. .


However, Chairman Mao clearly underestimated the objective situation in China at that time. In his mind, he is the Buddha that Liu is a Sun Walker. He himself out as a troublemaker ' maleated hitting command "liuqi and his the IMP, up to six months to resolve. Who knows, he's hitting command, Commander was killed, but not easy to pick up more and more popular, and as a result, lays out the situation of the Chinese Empire, over all devils, he also gathered not yanwang, a drag-and-10 years, would become a "leftist".


【Note】 The author launched the Cultural Revolution M, Mao clearly conscious of this "campaign just five months out, may engage in two months, and perhaps a bit more", you can end up, see a 96 years on Oct. 25, Chairman Mao, "the central work conference speech", in "Long Live Mao Zedong Thought", 1969, Beijing (?) a ban, page 658, hair in the other received foreign guests occasions, has mentioned the end of the six-month estimate of the Cultural Revolution. .


The ancients said, the son of an angry, will bleed, dead million, this is the result of the cultural revolution. As everyone knows, a probe which is also available. He is an angry, as long as renxiong axe II, bloodshed five steps, you can get the same effect. This is the Lin Biao later said, "the Hill" eight defy scholar, but a dead man, bloodshed five step resolves the issue, so he and his son, husband and wife, it is necessary to adopt a different approach to solve the same problem. This is, again, the next section.


Shrunk to 20 million characters Liang Wanzi Brief History of the Cultural Revolution. .


In short, the cultural revolution is a fifty-year history of the people of China, the worst of the worst, is unknown, but is also the most colorful, flesh, leaving most of the historical period. The cultural revolution decade, there are a few things in a piece of the motherland, smoke gets in, we avoid Qin overseas, but remain in the continent's family, Kin no message. In a sad mood at the end of powerlessness, we keep track of the messages on the Mainland, want to know what points. Take for instance the author personally, as a librarian, the multitude of cross-strait official a ban products, familiar, not to mention, the Red Guards of the ban alone product (like the "new Beijing", "Jinggangshan" "The East is Red", "Finance and Trade Red Flag", "How poisonous," "fighting Qu report on this victory," etc.), a decade later, to read more than five hundred species. The total number of words, it should be more than 20 million. Almost simultaneously in the death of Chiang Maoer Gong, the two sides made prohibition at all. Depth systematic monograph, it is flood out there reading habit of people, track read, it has been 20 years in a row. .


Take old, high and cooperation's Opus "the cultural revolution decade history" (a 9 *** in October, Hong Kong AIT Book Centre updated version, two volumes), their story than to the outlaws. I also think of it as the outlaws, today I read I do not know how many times. Other "literature" does not have to talk about. Read the history of tens of millions of words, and finally own ask yourself, what is the cultural revolution? may remain a hazy. This just want to read historical materials, and tries to concentrate into the thousands of words, to the history classroom of students, seminars (Seminars) in the peer, and Cha Yu drink, concerned about the affairs of fellow to talk about the Cultural Revolution, in the end how the story? To teach the wise. .


Hair Pro school three times "Hai Guan" theater.


Apparently after several years of practical observation and reflection, Mao finally decided to launch early in 1965 an unprecedented campaign of the Cultural Revolution M. But in the early Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing, he only inspired, Ke Qingshi, Lin Biao, Zhang Chunqiao (when he was Shanghai Party propaganda department, alternate secretary), Yao ("Liberation" magazine Editor) group, launched in Shanghai, just behind the scene of his own , temporarily appearance.He is called the main draft Yao wenyuan, write a book review, critique, the Vice Mayor of Beijing, a historian of Wu by script "Hai Guan", said Wu is the bourgeoisie to counterattack, the proletariat must be it official verdict Peng Dehuai. In fact, the name of the boat, few people know it. It was a few years ago, Mao in the toilet, reading "history" is discovered, found him and explication, just "clean" and, therefore, called upon the leaders and people learning the Hai. Sacred one, and the world with wind, Wu Han to Cheng Zhi, wrote this script, from the Beijing Opera Troupe Ma Lailiang sang, temporary national sensation, rave reviews, which makes another famous actor Zhou Xinfang (Kirin child), also follow suit from the heel , directed and sang some. This was originally "Lushan Conference" things in the past, "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" script, the original author only one written by Cheng Zhi, "ass book", and Peng's Dismissal not fart relations. However, this is it for choosing the Cultural Revolution became the first shot of the gun target M.When instructed to compose this Yao wenyuan theater, has nine present-day Taiwan version, which lasted more than six months, ten degrees were exclusively public confidential gross submission "classified" 【 see history of the cultural revolution decade; wool "】 also admitted that he personally modify original Yao, three times, it is evident that the intention of deep suffering too.


From the "February Outline" to "516 notice." .


According to the later development of the political situation, history, it's not hard to make this a campaign waged Mao, start talking. Mao's original plan apparently put this campaign and put on a layer of "culture" of his coat, uncovered a both historians and art house, is also a member of the Deputy Mayor of Beijing, the bureaucracy of Wu to, to launch the campaign "the cultural revolution M. From Wu Han then extended to the so-called "Three Village" (long-term cooperation with the writer Wu "Three Village Notes" on "People's Daily" editor Deng Tuo, and the "front-line magazine" editor Liao Mosha); in turn spread to other All the walking inside and outside the academic authority of the white line professionals, then upgrade to encourage teachers and students in major high school reform M, to schools, and units of the leadership and the "establishment" to seize power, making fight against each other, he has a chaos, and took the opportunity to win control of the Central Propaganda Department, Lu Dingyi, and Zhou Yang of the Central Ministry of Culture, as well as two of its newspapers and magazines and broadcast power, in order to promote uniform diameter, so a little complicated at home and abroad can not hear sound. .


Wool is the next step is obviously to win that the disc was Peng Zhen, pinouts, not impervious to water, "Beijing Municipal CPC Committee (Peng Zhen, then first Secretary of Beijing, Beijing Mayor), and all the media in Beijing, especially affected by municipal control, by the editor-in-Chief of dengtuo" Renmin Ribao "and radio. Grasp the powerhouse in Beijing this root, and then on the party's established procedures, through political and people's Assembly, to review, so liuqi isolation, the campaign seeks to five months, or "two to five months, maybe even more", you can restore order, to achieve universal GUI Mao, the culprit. In this way, then it can only be a chief architect of Chairman Mao, and the chief planner, always behind the scene, no need to open a tent, the spotlight, to disguise the self. .


Unexpectedly, may also be imagined, Yao wenyuan this book on November 10, 1965 in Shanghai, "Wen Wei Po" published after the lukewarm, is the name of the CPC Central Committee for promoting the national newspapers and reproduced in Beijing, the people and the media, the argument that it is too unpopular, left, and to boycott. This is obviously because Peng Zhen Beijing Municipal CPC Committee, under the control of, and Yang Shangkun grasp of Guangdong provincial party Committee, I do not know this at the beginning of a new movement is determined by the Chairman hid behind the person, and you want to carry. They are obviously mistaken, this is only a number of very left-wing, Ke Qingshi, Kang Sheng who flow relies on the pet hair, and stir up trouble, they can convince the President when necessary, and to resist too. The main reason is that by engaging the hair, is absolutely a "conspiracy", not "overtly." He engaged in "absolute secrecy" result, even the most sensitive week, also kept in the dark on the hair that the new move, know nothing. Other senior cadres of the ruling and opposition party and the country, which have not the slightest psychological preparation. North China South China have agreed to boycott the situation.Hair such as a fully implemented, who on his positive resist? this embarrassing situation, you may not have occurred.


Moreover, Yao was published, the President only pretend sympathy, only their intention to launch a M movement during the Cultural Revolution, to be promoted when he did as his party's old system, organized a "Cultural Revolution M Group" (so-called " five-member panel "), as lead agency. Nomination Peng Zhen, Lu Dingyi, Kang Sheng, Yang, Wu Lengxi as team members, and designated as the head of Peng Zhen. The Mixture about to send in the furnace of the "five-member team," so they make no sense of Peng Zhen, which is "drawing the snake out of its hole," repeated the old theater is forced to resign his own review, the first step in prison.On the contrary, as the head of the Group of five, Peng Zhen was careful to February 4, 1966, in the Group's meeting, a resolution was adopted: "the cultural revolution M group of five academic discussion on the current report outline", hereinafter referred to as the "outline" or "reported on February syllabus". According to the syllabus, a group of five is the "cultural movement", which in the field of "culture", and "Hai Guan" and the ' Peng Dehuai, they are not the same thing. So he protected the Wu, political issues, to completely.


However, the intention of Peng Zhen, the public's anti-hair arrangement, but angered the secret intention to Peng Mao Zedong. He finally opened a tent, throw away the mask, to the front, a disguise themselves. Mao took from behind the foreground of this account, too short but complicated.We can only shanfanjiujian, long story short, it's a boycott against Peng Zhen 's, finally in April 2000, Member of the continuous "held in Beijing, and expanded Conference on May 16, 2002, by his own" modify "eight times before you throw a ' notice of the Central Committee of China GCD", which was launched during the cultural revolution, Mao Zedong's pledging, so-called "fifth estate six notifications".


【Note】 The author "February Outline" and "Five? 16 notice", in 1966 as the world's major news media. The world's so-called "China experts", are hard-pressed to know these full text of the original just have to learn the JCP members in Beijing, he took the streets in Beijing, two cents the RMB to buy a printed volume of the "two On the outline, "return to Japan when he passed through Hong Kong, found that the international media and the U.S. Secret Service, wants to buy such a document. Who knows the original Japanese GCD is a capitalist roader, he is raising the price, and buyer bargaining, and finally said to the Americans in 2000 U.S. dollars by a high structure to.The old United States may be at a higher price, resale, transfer or uncertainty.


Birth, the Gang of Four and the far left. .


In the "5 a 6 notice", and the resulting evolution of the political situation at the end of it, simply put, that is, the total abolition of the "outline" in February, and the "M" file-leather, "ten counts", shows the whole party, second, the dissolution of the "group of five", the Central cultural revolution group ", to direct its orders from the Politburo, the direct guidance of the cultural revolution (including the red guards) at the end of all activities. And assign Chen Boda as leader, Jiang Qing-Vice Chairman, Kosei as consultants, team members are Zhang chunqiao, Wang Li, Guan, Qi Yao wenyuan, the Yu and others. They do not say, is when China, or even the world, most people had left the GCD. New group set up due for two months, then once again jumped Jiang, on behalf of Chen, head of the Central Cultural Revolution Group. Later, the Secretary for the Federation and from Shanghai to recruit a gangster, was formed headed by her "gang of four" had. .


Jiang Qing, Chairman of the pillow, early in 1966 under the "delegate" Lin Biao, the people's Liberation Army of literary and artistic work, to put on a dress. And now as head of the central panel of the cultural revolution, the civil and military and into the party, of the highest level, my love, Xiang-praise President to engage in all-party military's transformation. From the leading world famous "gang of four", the right to give those smooth sailing until President lying in a glass coffin, she will go to prison.


When the Gang of Four on the birth, on the far left when Higashiyama, Peng Zhen, the "sneaking into the party three decades of bourgeois anti-reform elements M" (Chairman Mao gave his hat this time the public) is, naturally, the relative slide. Peng Zhen event to handle, or Chairman Mao's words, to put it most clearly. Mao said:. .


All my players in Central, I was called up to attack them, the place is called Monkey havoc, and want to get those BUPA "Jade". Peng Zhen is mixed into the party's small figures, no big deal. (I) a finger toppled him. Peng Zhen] [see "critique" (September 28, 1962 and si), "long live Chairman Mao's thought", page VI si-one. 〕。.


Be replaced after the Beijing Municipal Committee, Peng Zhen jail soon, sit years, to Jiang also jailed, only to resume his old free. And Peng struggle with their fate was stinking Doukua, there are so-called "Peng, Lu (set 1), Romania (Ruiqing), Yang (Shang Kun)" Four anti-leather M, also need not explained. .


Representatives of the bourgeois man cleaning.


During the Cultural Revolution under Chairman Mao's personal leadership, in addition to the development of personnel arrangements in addition to the extreme left, meaning City firm knot is naturally a left of the left. Mao that the Chinese Communists, "city", the old era of the old society, the old intelligentsia, "all the packages down" policy is a mistake.The result is not only the cultural and educational authorities in the people's Republic of China was dominated the old intellectuals, the other party, Choi, called unit, no one is full of "bourgeois" on behalf of the person; some (like the Wu Peng Zhen harbouring) has been leading the new regime; "such as Khrushchev as characters (like" why bother "liuqi), they are sleeping in our side". These people waving the red flag "red-flag", an opportunity, they designed the proletarian political. So Mao to the national party, party, Government, finance, the central-local units to a total cleaning.


Clean way to excuse us from history for his account of what the elderly Taken together, seize the Central, then once power, he gave the orders, a pole in the end. Central government was up to no good, lose its power (this is allegorical Chairman Mao Lin Biao's words) it "place to call against them." Government, and military money, the various units, the hills, those in power, Tu Huangdi, Yan Wangye something wrong, then launch the unit within the ambitious, bold and willing to make trouble in the little devil, making fight against each other, the right to fight them .To deal with within, Khrushchev to time, General establishment and reactionaries, representatives of the bourgeoisie, the launching of the school, "not" class, and the second tube to dinner, three to make trouble, trouble is leather M. " 【Standard Mao President from 1966 withdrawal on July 21 "on", the Working Group contained in directives cited on the idea of "Viva", page VI si v. 】 In other occasions, Mao has repeatedly mentioned to the national school, closed for six months, to enable students to "dined to heat, to make trouble, trouble do not call?" And encouraged them to overthrow all authority, establish a new authority hair question and answer: "Who is the authority now? is Yao." 【see ibid page 637, 20 March, Mao's speech at the enlarged meeting; and Yen Chia-drawing book, Volume I, page 26 . 】. .


Students are to make trouble, not to interfere with the military police, let the evil they make, and only they can do? "to sweep all made to be broken" (this is Chen Boda was ordered to replace Wu on May 31, to take over the people after the second day of the headline in the newspaper's column). It is only through the chaos to order. Student revolt more chaos, the better. Chairman Mao had PLA million; armed and undercover spy. He can always order out of chaos, a horrible?.


But honest, the gross public Kochi to China, or some concerns. The articles we have mentioned, in 1956 during the airing, Mao wanted to use Kochi, to help him clear the party rectification, the results ended up a joint anti-Party National Kochi embarrassing situation. This time he ate an old cutting a lesson, and then not use Kochi, even college students are not dare move. So he did not engage in a class, two meals, three to make trouble, was originally started from the middle school. Come up with the experience, and the Red Guards began to slowly on the university. .


Sure enough, on May 6, the red guards in several schools in Beijing, the first from Tsinghua University, Peking University affiliated to Beijing, spread to the whole city of dozens of secondary school, students of thousands of people, to quickly emerged.


Chairman of the Red Guards, the Queen Mother's Boxers. .


"Red guards", which is one of China's modern history, we have chosen the weirdness of a million words, also is not finished. The author of the history of the individual on zhuozhu in the exposition of the Qing dynasty "Boxer" long. In the book, I have repeatedly stressed the Empress Dowager Cixi "Boxer" is sixty-six years later, Chairman Mao Zedong's "red guards". Today we talk about the red guards, and vice versa. Chairman Mao's Red Guard, that is, when Empress Dowager Cixi "boxers". A "noisy", a "leather M."? Chairman Mao has a "gang of four" and "Cultural Revolution Group", coincidentally, the Empress Dowager is also a "Qin Gui Gang of Four", and the command of the Imperial Group Boxers. Both are laughing and crying to read the history of people None; pros and cons, always difficult to explain the history of melodrama. Only on the size of the latter than the former largest out to be a hundred times more than the process. Come in Beijing by the Empress Dowager "downtown" Teaching with the Boxers, but less than ten million people; but Chairman Mao in Beijing, eight review to come "? Leather M" Red Guards, said that in 1100 the total number of people up and down, really unthinkable.The two, an ignorant old woman; I think a strong knowledge of old men, and for this reason, almost all of the nation to the brink. What's up? 】 see zhuozhu "seventy years" in the late Qing dynasty, volume IV, "the righteousness and twist the ridge!?.


To answer this question of history, or "gas division," he said: "Truth and a half sheet of paper, without further ado, the book rolls." You say he complexity of the rolls of the book, how can we make meaning? You say it is simple, and also the most simple. That is full of grievances in a society where people turbulence seriously uneven stupid stupid people think action, but also it is the people thought disorder. Qing social injustice, right Leaving aside, people in the liberation of China's social injustice (Social In justice) is no less than pre-liberation, what a lot of improvement. Because the most fundamental problem is the poor countries poorer, Sun Yat-sen so-called "Big poor little poor" is also.The Chinese Communists in the liberation, killed millions of little poor "(landowners, rich), but does not address several absolutely" lean ". For many years engaged in the commune of bad governance, the dead and millions of places that do local despot, party members and cadres of war and crimes, people go voice to say, young people are more thought disorder of the heart. Once the social turmoil, they took part in the revolt of the crowds. This is the traditional monarchy era uprising occurs, the GCD of the riots, they only look to the explication of staring and Harry. Today there are Hai, Bao, and even the emperor and empress were to lead the revolt, rebel, who also control must not be made against, and the rebel head is a few of the old. Rebellion itself is a social injustice of the vent. .


Furthermore, the labour movement, the liberation of the Communists are just creating another social injustice. After liberation, the working class as the ruling class. But really enjoy the privileges of the ruling class (such as life, rice bowls, medical insurance, vacation, tourism, infirmary, children education, etc.), only a very few, very few, generally there are hundreds of thousands of industrial (Industrial Workers); other millions, tens of millions of the so-called contract workers, service workers, on behalf of the workers and unemployed workers, or nothing, nothing at all. They are all workers, irrespective of the status of the other why? This accounts for the vast majority of the working class "untouchables", the long-cherished grievance, but no redress. Suddenly, the "Cultural Revolution M" up, I heard Ms. Mao Zhuxi Comrade Jiang Qing, leader of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, specifically for I do something for the workers, this is really the working class Gao Yuzhuang I climb to the time. Tens of thousands of workers to Beijing Gao Yuzhuang, Comrade Jiang Qing Meng met, I talked about "contract workers" of the uncomfortable, Comrade Jiang Qing Realm in public, people are "empress" it.Sympathy I workers sometimes, you said that she is not a Virgin goddess, Goddess of mercy, the Savior of the poor, working class to the Supreme Leader? friend, in this environment, you said that her comrades just a high flier, poniang against Jenny white, "bad" (Tang) there is also a comrade Jiang Qing? her leather M people and society Foundation?.


Of course, the community has both the uneven and bumpy it was a large shovel, leather M, a philanthropist, religionist, rotten politicians, and bad horrible woman, also have their chance to intervene. You can say that only Peng is a hero? Friends, then Empress Dowager Cixi of the times, a society divided into two, it is true. .


Not in class, eat, noisy agitation.


In short, the Red Guard organization, once launched, it immediately fiery of the prairie fire had broken out. Readers Celebrities, put ourselves think about it. We all did middle school students. Do students in our times, the school suddenly closed, and large algebra, analytic geometry of the exercises are not done, and English recitation thrown over the side of the school meals free of charge, to our young men and women, flock to downtown street fashion, Boy, how can this world so good? Our Chairman Mao he the elderly, can not Shan Hu Long live? Later, out in series, on a mission to investigate the anti-M black leather material, train ship Yigai free.There are special tasks (like on a business trip to Chengdu to catch Peng Dehuai Justice), you can sit down free aircraft, dujiangyan Qinling Mountains, etc. Everywhere people's Liberation Army, will long, short, compliment slips will be the battles. As a small red guards, neck-hand strap, fleeting, wine fills me with courage, qiangang, handsome? see made to be broken, as long as a cry, no bow. Friends, just a few years of life Most things often ***, persuaded Jun should cherish teenager, beautiful days like this, life can have a few years? How can you blame us teenager engaging in vandalism of vigorously zai? Only encouraging words of Chairman Mao, the rod in the whip all teenager, the native soil, I wonder if they added a few dry 100 Qu dead ghost Bale. .


As in the present. When the red guards, on behalf of Chairman Mao badges, xiuzhang PGA affiliated schools of offspring-the little Cutie Songbinbin, President of the refinement of her glowing too too, advised her to start point. Sure enough, she was renamed the song you want to start. Subsequent to the head of copper belt puffed, there are six were being beaten to Wu. Later the reform and opening up, this beautiful little murderers, murderer, has once again changed its name to the u.s., marriage, abortion. Frost in the morning, evening, in the face of wandering in the dark of the six men dying, I do not know how she celebrated since force girl? friend, binbin original is also a victim. In this six murders, the judge should have sentenced her? Or should be sentenced to the instigation of her back committed? Think of our beautiful country, why a time into the world so evil spirit? We begin? . .


The first residence.


The size of the Red Guards Corps, 3000 5000, 30 000 50 000 daily by inflation, 10 million Red Guards in the country, "serial", ships trains were paralyzed when they are packed, modern Chinese cultural history, the famous "big-character poster" also overwhelming from. As we all know, in the hundreds of thousands of posters of the leading for, by the philosophy department of Beijing led the party to write the total recorded Nie Yuanzi. NIE is a middle-aged women, the party is vigorously engaged in the North, and the school party secretary Lu Ping has old scores.This central cultural revolution teams, Kosei, Jiang Qing, is looking North this fertile soil, politics wants to use NIE Yuan Zi and bad relationship luping, in the North to pursue "ignition". NIE Yuan Zi is the Central cultural revolution of the tacit support, combined with colleagues, seven people posted on May 25 in North China, first to the leaders of the revolt of the halls, questioning, "Sung-Suk, luping, Peng peiyun M cultural revolution in what?" is a song of the Beijing Municipal CPC Committee, China's leaders, is the land in the North of the members of the school. The GCD of the system, "subordinate" obedience to superior has its iron discipline. Guilty of rebellion, are not allowed to the party. Nie to the reputation of the school in this poor, while the Song, land, etc. Also I do not know Nie and the new "Central Cultural Revolution Group" of the secret relationship between the school units are launched all over the poster to fight back, sometimes within the campus of Peking University, a word mountain reported that the sea, setting off a burst of posters during the Cultural Revolution first major debate of the tide, and Nie are losing comrades are also seeing potential. .


The Central cultural revolution saw the event is not good, is the eight-night by his original NIE's will, to the West of Chairman Mao liuzhuang holiday. Hair that is ordered by the public broadcasting NIE Yuan Zi's residence. May 31, Chen Boda mandatory reorganization of the people, the next day the newspaper NIE wenxin is identified by the column heading, and above all to be broken "sweep" published an editorial, while at the same time. While it's great white North school, as well as the country's situation was-shape, reversal of fortune, NIE Yuan downwind suddenly becomes "Lafayette, Peking University. Accordingly, it is a storm, the city of Beijing is a rebel. All organs, party committees and leadership of all schools are crumbling into the impact of object. ... ... In the same city of Beijing, 60 years ago, is their world ah Boxer teenager. .


"Working group" the whole problem.


At that time the CPC Central Committee in Beijing over daily affairs, Liu Qi and Deng, see the trend out of control, two helpless, is jointly put on flying to ask for instructions, pull the Chairman returned to Beijing sits, as Mao refused. Mao asked the two to Beijing and stability of the overall situation. That is why the so-called school "working group" problem. The original party by GCD for handling the tradition of the event event, by the party's superiors assigned "working groups", the units stationed on the spot to solve the problem occurred. The Liu and Deng in accordance with the old method, determined by the Central Standing Committee unanimously adopted to remain in Beijing to send "work group" stationed in Beijing University, Qinghua, and other key school. Ge M students and teachers look forward to revolt on the right track.Liuqi as meticulous and his wife Wang guangmei also appointed Tsinghua's "working group" members to learn about the next sentiment. However, when a class is not, the second tube for a meal, three to make the student movement, we seized the bucket of the original school of establishment in the Lord, make them back, are animated, suddenly representative to the Working Group, pouring its cooling water, stir up anger. Make the student movement leader will out, later days AM event, Wang Dan, CAI ling, such as head Wu'er, this time in the center of the cultural revolution group, open and secret fuelled, Tsinghua University will produce a commander. Sure enough, Tsinghua out of nine on a positive conflict with Wang Guangmei Kuai Dafu, Quine commander of the. Kuai commander of the zenith was a time when thousands of people who own the public, and finally to the tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands, and sometimes the limelight of health, is actually later Chai Ling, Wang Dan can hold a candle. .


My personal zhuozhu, have repeatedly stressed that: "all is of yun". Then our Commander of the student movement kuai, how?,, three-sixty-five. Cover GCD is a totalitarian political party, a party dictatorship, Laozi's dominance. Especially in the era of Mao Zedong, universities engaged leadership of Laozi's dominance, and engage in a long time, very few or valve. But these scholar-tyrants face, but also a group of cocky, kid dominant primary valve, college students, especially Tsinghua University, Beijing University this a great school, ambitious youth, once admitted to this school, huh! I will not Jiang (Zhongshan University, National Chiao Tung University), also Zhu (Tsinghua), you are the lord of a small party committee, the old scholar-tyrants, operator ass. I will fight you, but will give you a "sitting fly." Mao is the master of this mass psychology of Kau master, the face of this situation is really handy. .


Originally this insolent little choulaojiu do, why is not working properly. Author: both in the United States to participate in school, and I've really felt worldwide yun small choulaojiu, is a mother give birth to. Just north rebel, and finally the luping mother buried in snow and ice, frozen to death in a heap, this is not a human behavior. Their history is glorious, Peking, and write the most contemptible sad on one page.


Mao Zedong, "Bombard the Headquarters." .


In this "working group" and the Commander of the red guards kuai fought the camp commander was on the occasion of kuai have no enemies, was caught in the Crown, and Liu, Miss two Commander, I do not know how the next step is good, and suddenly the sky Thunder, Chairman Mao on July 18, Yangzi, sudden return to Beijing, hastily Liu, Deng had the opportunity to redress the hair that is publicly chiding the Working Group for the leather M organization and be removed immediately. Recovery Commander of freedoms and kuai to let students make trouble. 1 Beijing city, infield, dozens of school of the red guards, and of the various organs of the rebels is the answer. Liu, Deng is also a time it happened, they also do not know his hair covered the campaign, huh, what are reasons to also. .


The red guards to expand this movement, Mao is from August 1 to 12, the formal convening of the Central Committee of the eighth session of the eleventh plenary. In the middle of the General Assembly, on 5 August, Mao suddenly in Zhongnanhai posted a picture of his own parent's residence. The title is "hitting command-I am a residence." This has been hiding behind the three or four years old, now Chairman Mao had finally burnt beards. Before a few days, someone asked Liu, cultural leather M what? liuqi also laments: "my honest answer you, I do not know. I think the party many other comrades, team members do not know. "After that, the black and white, as the self-review, Deng said:" In the Eleventh Central Committee in a poster of Chairman Mao, that is, comrades and I are bombarded Liu Qi's headquarters. "【See the" Cultural Revolution Years of History ", on page March 7, 102. 】. .


This look good. Eighth session of the eleventh plenary on the front of a bright expression, it is a "down with liuqi and Deng's Central Committee Plenum." At this point all our national and Liu and I like the emotion, culture big M's main purpose is to kill liuqi, that's all. After the resolution of the General Assembly, for the activities of the red guards, "16", no more ink costs.


Text by Tao Zhu, Wu by Lin Biao. .


Because of the string there are a lot of people's power in mystery, it has become crystal clear. For example, Tao Zhu, and finally forced to die of this mystery, history is not difficult to unravel. Tao Zhu (1908-1969), the Hunan apprentice descent Huangpu five students, is of leaders, and devout Mariel of GCD. He and surprising as GCD as Lin Biao. During the Civil War, Tao Lin fieldwork was originally the backbone, after the liberation of the Cultural Revolution, Tao has served as governor of Guangdong, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee first secretary, first secretary of the CPC Central Bureau, Political Commissar of Guangzhou Military Region, such as post, is known as the South King . .


In 1965 when the cultural revolution, Mao Zedong's plan to launch, ceramic transfer hub, promoted to Vice Prime Minister in June 1966, pottery and served as Executive Secretary of the CPC, and Director of the text, the collapsed after Lu and propaganda Minister, cultural revolution group advisors, have the right to direct all activities of the cultural revolution group. Eighth session of the eleventh plenary, pottery and additions to the central political Bureau Standing Committee, for hair under pangduo profile, linzhou, within the fourth hand, visible hair cut on his expectations, and besought. Obviously, in gun play Mao Liu and Deng, I hope the promotion Tao Zhu and Lin Biao, a text of a military mutual restraint, for his large-scale promotion of the Cultural Revolution M's two Deva kings, ministers brachial shares. This is extremely significant, not to be repeat. Unfortunately, it Sima Guang Dow called out, "the Ruby on only" a Founder of persons, not as second in command of Lin Biao, take the initiative to extreme left, willing to be chairman of the thugs and hired thugs; he do not want to do three divisions handle weeks of Mao unconditional tame.Tao Zhu has its own personality, not willing to make the non-obvious, is that his extreme leftist Jiang Qing, and the cultural revolution group members and deeds, cannot agree on the contrary, when Deng Liu, mercy, and the cultural revolution group singing the tune, provoked cultural revolution group to mobilize the masses, to bring down the "traitor", ". Ferret Tao Tao sporting gradually upgrade a batch until the Tao Zhu Liu, together with the Tang, and was defeated. Disputes in the early spring of 1967, drag to the last round to Mao himself to hammer yet. Obviously, the hair that Tao Zhu don't appreciate it, neither cited as friends, they are bound to be playing for the enemy. In the Mao Zedong era, once classified as an enemy, it is not a non-ignored death. Mao's conclusion that the implementation of Liu and Deng Tao is determined route, the only person to address him to the Red Guards. Red Guards crashed from, Tao Zhu on by the loss of freedom and disappeared. November 30, 1969, 61-year-old Tao Zhu was found dead in Hefei. Corpse no one can identify, because in just one number. In the 18 days before the death of Tao, Liu's body was found also in Kaifeng is also no one can know. Toby Xiao-year-old, but only more than Liu lived 18 days. .


Lin Biao sing the personality cult of solos.


M in the Cultural Revolution, Tao Zhu episode this screen, the face of it irrelevant, in fact, a large carry on Zai relationship. Because of the historical view, Mao wanted to power his own reputation, and personal worship, pushed to the peak of his original design, is to Tao Zhu, Lin Biao, a text of a military, to singing the "comic dialogue," the. Tao Zhu halfway stop gong, was finally forced to death, this station does not become a comic dialogue to sing. Finally by the Lin Biao to solo, the result is completely different. .


Lin Biao this China 5000 years of history are rare, it is the provinces lamp? he seeing Peng Dehuai, liuqi, Peng Zhen, Tao Zhu, Luo Ruiqing ... and others miserable fate, he can not vigilant? friend, it is only a knowledge of them. You should read, the theatre, were, not to mention the most will get to know he has to know "," happy endings "," war "... of the history of the" name "?.


General Lin was originally a "patient." He is said to be sensitive to light, afraid of water, fear of the wind, to the degree of incontinence. My friend, beauty Miss Zhang Ning, he had the most direct and profound observation. See his old twilight satisfactory end, he certainly was not a practice Cuandangduoquan careerists and conspirators. He is recuperating in a state of retirement, was Chairman Mao mobilized to go to succeed Peng Lu's. Since riding a tiger, was unable to stop the. .


Another unfortunate Lin Biao, he married a highly educated, but essentially Termagant ignorance, but ambitious wife, and Wang Jingwei's Chen bi Jun. More alas Lin Biao floor two children. He had to take care of Dad, but on the opposite route. Introducing the fruit is a graduate of tough North. Glance hair public on dad's playing and repression, he was filled with anger, we must engage in "Wu uprising (5 July) scheme to revolt. Li Heng (Peas) is soft and a good girl, she could not understand her mother's style of Ye that female bachelor father into the dead end (Wang and Chen Bijun forced to do as a traitor), she turned to go and beg in the week, please come to Premier Zhou Protection of the father ... .... Poor little children, understand Yi Chang. They put a small youth, how Gao De Guo Cao Cao and Zhuge Kong Ming? The following section then. .


In short, in the Chinese Communists in the eighth session of the eleventh plenary meeting, at the "16" call, the red guards, millions of people across the country. Free travel, force, national "tandem" climax (and former boxer will have), it is called the Jin Jing, Chairman Mao personally inspected, ""? M leather. Sure enough, in the autumn of 1966, within three months, Chairman Mao personally inspected the octave, before and after the red guards up to 11 million people. These waves flowing, Ant Grasshopper General highlighted the red guards, Boxer, small long-haired ... make a shambles of Beijing city. He (she) had a see Chairman Mao appears, without exception, share tears, the "Long Live Chairman Mao", "four olds, established four new" ... ... all kinds of leather M slogans, shouting voice broke. If residents of Mars, Mars will hear ... .... Chairman Mao's personality cult, and thus broke the record of human history, and reached its culmination. 【Then I have a 11 year old nephew is also Wuhu "disappeared" and took his parents anxious half dead. It turned out he went to Beijing to accept the review went to Chairman Mao. 】. .


This unprecedented movement of the red guards "Commander-in-Chief", it goes without saying that Chairman Mao. However, the total hospitality, but tidiao total Commander is a recent surge of the party's "second" forest Vice-President (liuqi now relegated to eight digits). Lin Biao was not a fanatic. His hair is repugnant to the heart. This time he got the personality cult of Mao, to the extent such fanaticism, as American proverb says, "but he joined him, and his evil deeds".


Tao Zhu for not a partner, in this engaging Mao's personality cult of the stage, Lin Biao only sing their one-man play. Mao launched the Spice   exhausted horse insult  acid  poke among the top bad ┍ sulfur   Pa  species  Young Lai Ying Bu benzene paralyzed downtown hip Bolt ū Acenaphthene ordered Shu C  like sleet Ran is liquid rustic fresh file Naina wantonly ? Church, are intolerable to Lin Liu, Lin Liu to bizarre than much, but hand to arms. Liu collapse, the hair can not be accepted forest, and forest as a self-defense, is bound to exhaust all possible means to counter, between the two was not any one third party (like Tao Zhu) is sufficient to contain and buffer, the more confused governance wire , the inconceivable. This is something. .


Liuqi President's death.


Therefore, the development of the Cultural Revolution thus M, Liu punish Liu drive has become a minor problem. In imperial China, tradition, and modern totalitarian political struggles, the political opponents such as Liu Qi, once the failure is very rare demise of precedent. Mao he must be exterminated, and to avoid leaving troubles. Liu found himself the driving force on the hair can not resist when asked to resign had visited Mao, "Return of farming," Mao is only a smile to his reading and study, not allowed to resign. Liu Liu punish gross of flooding, thus have no problem. Problem in what ways. Liu, after all, is the head of state. He is not unconstitutional, two police did not violate law.Mao to be spent on the military court, the face is not accounted for. His thoughtful, you shall have to use the red guards.


Mao is a person familiar with the classics. In his "Historical Records" and "Chronicle" in the learned numerous political trickery, and can live for learning and using the. Biographies of Historical Records in the Hun had a story: a plot to usurp the throne Prince Chanyu, is raising a number of Shan She's slain. He trained them, where he fired, the soldiers fired on the line where. He fired an arrow to their horses, the public arrows shot, put their own beloved horse to the shot of the. Another time he shot to his Aiqie again, the public arrows with the hair, put Aiqie shot dead.Finally, in a Palace banquet, he put the arrow to the old chanyu, arrows together, they killed the old chanyu, he would do it throne. small chanyu.


Chairman Mao also has a Xu Shiyou, the President pointed to where to hit where Hsu. But the drive to Xu Liu, on the whole party, on the face can not explain, a surefire plan to use Mao's Red Guards of the public on the decision. Mao began fighting with the Red Guards killed Kochi Wu Han, Jian Bozan, Lao She, and others, such as the ring Williams should have. Then the Red Guards fighting Peng, He Long and other marshals, also handy, and then upgrade, you can Jiudou President Liu Qi has. .


Before, in "hitting command ..." after his posted, masses of carrying out their ferret Liu Liu movement, has been awarded as wildfires start a prairie fire. In Mao indulgence granted Liu masses is expanding rapidly. To the first anniversary of Mao Bingjun (August 5, 1967), day AM Plaza, a set of three million people celebrate, pledging "hui" denounced. Zhongnanhai and also gathered hundreds of thousands of people screaming and batch Liu. Liuqi, Tang, Tao Zhu's home, both inside and outside the red guards, millions of people is the most awkward manner (such as "Jet" and blows), Liu Tao ferret bucket respectively for two couples. Liu is a "safeguard the dignity of President" had armed with "The People's Republic of China Constitution," angry protests, however research What is the use? In short, from that day onwards, Liu couples, their children have all been were detained. Liu was placed in Zhongnanhai in a cell, day and night, the Red Guards suffered constant physical and mental torments and humiliation, and finally riddled with problems, paralyzed in bed, but was ordered to heal and "rescue" of doctors and nurses, In order to protect themselves before attending the facilities were to beat Liu abusive about it, then, before medication, is the indiscriminate use. Liu was tormented assault disgrace to two years, the experience of the tragic, the Executive notes the historian, who has written much to bear。 To the winter of 1969, liuqi has been grinding into the skull of a living, dying. Wool is clearly not willing to let liuqi died in Zhongnanhai, October 17, 1969, this live liuqi zombies, but was sent to Kaifeng, special closed court yard in a claustrophobic. In this court yard, Liu's life and the delay of 27 days, on November 12 in the morning at six si, the heads of State, the people's Republic of China was finally exhausted last breath, lonely death, the 71-year-old at the time of year. When he was sent to crematorium the end of the body when it was found that dead body on the name of "Liu Wei Huang"; occupational column indicates that the "unemployed"; cause of death is "highly infectious diseases as" 【see the "national history full Kam," Volume 4, "Liu Qi injustice Survey," p. 4144 ─ 4158】. Deng was on the end of October 1967, by the special plane sent to Jiangxi labor. Weeks of hearing the news, those in power is the secret power of Jiangxi, Yan Well make the best protection to avoid a bad death (see "Details weeks"). Tao Zhu fate, broadly similar to Liu. In 1969 he was a secret prisoners died in the winter of Hefei, the corpses were hung a pseudonym, was King River.【 Ibid cited "Yearbook", volume IV, "Tao Zhu last 43 days", page 158-116. 】。.


Before and after Mao Lin nine infighting. .


Mao personally launched "cultural leather M", the original is the Emperor, in particular murder liuqi. Because Liu group in the entire party national potential, without no grasp of the Mao Zedong, bent on destroying the Constitution, refused to convene the PRC's "Ninth Congress (the Assembly should be convened once in five years). Until 1969, and I have been dying Liu, wool, decided to convene a "nine." But instead of Lin Biao now liuqi climbing second for the whole party. Hand to arms of the Salim Group, the Group is more terrible than Liu ah! How to arrange the nine Lin Biao, Mao plans in mind as being so on (and in his own words) the most "major contradiction" of the. .


A party from Lin Biao, wily forest bald "(this is the Red Laoshuai ' Lin Biao consistent comment), but do not know the" crafty rabbit die lackey will cook the ancient maxim of "?" in his "nine? how self-defense is his mind in the most. Therefore, the wool, the forest has a plan, will not be able to express it, the two parties at the "dark". Lin on wool, with the meter, the Mainland of historians (including his famous its couples) almost unanimously curse bald rebel treason, and finally a miemen, siyouyugu. They rise and fall of the gang of four, also hold the same view.


But we are overseas, across the ocean view of the fire, but think this is "non-the tree bark." Dog chasing cat, cat run fast, click on the run hiding up a tree. Dogs did not see clearly, I do not know what the cat on the tree, often without the cat to the tree Yang Shou shouted. See funny foreigners, hence the more wedge Meng found frogs mounted arking up the wrong tree! "In fact," Lin, four "are only two pieces of Chairman Mao, two German shepherds (Comrade Jiang Qing, had publicly acknowledged she was the President of a dog). Now Shepherd killed people.Dog owners acquitted, the police only a hound la Court, sentenced to life imprisonment. This conviction, the dogs would be unfair. Cited on the miss this beautiful songbinbin killer, it is the same. Bin-it is the victim. Solicitation is the main fierce!.


China GCD's "ninth congress of the" is held in April 1969. In Chairman Mao's political agenda in the end, this will be the "Cultural Revolution M" in the end will be too. "Great Cultural Revolution M" all set targets are reached. Today, all new primary Dizhai princes, civil and military attire different yore, but in this new era, it has "five years during the Cultural Revolution," by creating a new thing to be implemented; it has "almost be" occurred halfway new problems and complications, should be addressed. .


New can generally be listed in the following number: the first is Mao Zedong's "absolute power" (Absolute power). Before the cultural revolution, the founding of the King, had the right of the highest prestige. And the absolute power, the whole party and no one would dare again unto him half a "no", is a cultural revolution of the late. Thus, in a piece of paper of the national law in all of the great empires of the military and political events in his statements to clarify the Royal. His film scrap, Kiichi anger, are legal and political climate of the country. Unfortunately (and regrettable welcome it) he gradually into the twilight years old, "Pharaoh, upon the death" can be expected. Minions, eloquent Fortunately, solid in the preparation of the succession; voice out their discontent, nor no, "to see how long rampage Seoul," the optimistic expectations. Therefore, this 1500's General Assembly, the opening was very successful. Ju Fan Mao County jail knot extreme leftist views, what the class struggle, reform M theory, and the Eighth CPC Central Committee 10 years to promote the four-Qing Mao five evils, M and so the actual achievements of the Cultural Revolution (such as affirmative Liu Qi as "traitor, and scab, traitor ... ... forever expelled from the party"), Diplomatic Truce implemented. .


Furthermore, for remuneration, in the correction of a "new Constitution", the innovative "Comrade Lin Biao was comrade Mao Zedong's close comrade and successors." According to the later history of observation, the new Constitution adopted by deleting the provisions on the rights of the party, only the provisions of the Member obligations, "party in the position of the right." The new Constitution also "no slightest-party supervision" ?? ' history ' page quanjian 2417. Therefore, although very successful nine, but also created new problems.


Fair dealing "9. 13." .


"IX" manufacture of new problems, do not eat sleep medicine daylight cannot sleep, of course, still Chairman Mao himself. Strike off Peng Dehuai, highlighting a liuqi; get dead liuqi, Don a Lin Biao and written Constitution. This constant Maogong "party", just happened to spend. In order not to undermine the%, wool, in nine immediately after the end of the make up of Lin Biao. Location or select a pack of Lushan Peng Dehuai!.


Now we have to look back nine. Nine was originally the end of the Cultural Revolution will reward on merit. In the Cultural Revolution in full praise of Mao Xiang public, at its own praise or blame, and the original "forest, four" equal groups of hired thugs. Nine Performance related, all military and political positions so also by these two groups who shared the. Consider the following list:. .


Central Committee Chairman Mao Zedong; Deputy Chairman Lin Biao (unique Vice-Chairman).


Politburo Standing Committee, Mao Zedong, Lin Biao (The following alphabetical ranking), Chen Boda, Zhou, Kang Sheng. .


CPC: the HKSAR, Ying, Liu bocheng, Jiang Qing, Zhu de, Xu Shiyou, Chen Boda, Chen xilian, Li xiannian, Li Peng, wufaxian, Zhang chunqiao, Qiu will make, week, Yao wenyuan, Kosei, yellow Yongsheng, Dong Biwu, Xie Fu treatment (in simplified Chinese stroke row).


Alternate: Ji Dengkui, Li Xuefeng, Li Desheng, Wang Dongxing. .


In this group who ruled China to list, in addition to Zhu de, Dong Biwu, Ying, Liu bocheng, standby, and wool, a veteran of public security system Kosei, Xie Fu, Wang Dongxing and Xu Shiyou, Chen xilian Zhang guotao's two original is vested in military, is dominated by the two factions linsi. Linsi is with linniao; is a Zoo keeping out of the Eagle dogs. Now the Chairman may be put to separate the two factions fighting a..


President and talented set of right and wrong. .


Apparently in order to solve the problem of Lin Biao "exploded" in 1970 ***-(August 23-September 6) held in Lushan. The main topics are the preparations for the fourth session of the national people's Congress "and modify the Constitution of the PRC. In revising the message, the hair has repeatedly stated and implied that the President will no longer be set. This is obviously the first against Lin Biao with chess, Lin Biao and his wife HKSAR, especially the latter, and the people who are interested in. To meet at the beginning of another, hair immediately made such a declaration, as opposed to by Lin Biao. Lin held that a State can not without the Lord, therefore urged the public back to office of President Mao Mao had six refused its request. Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the five Sri Lanka for the time being one of Chen Boda, a country can not even think without a head of state, forest party myself, since Huang Yongsheng, Ye also consistent with the following echo. .


Another, Lin Biao had a counts are called "genius", it clearly is. Starting from Jiangxi Lin Biao, the times's Party's backbone. In the period, the likes of the xibaipo is because of the dark-Lin Biao, digging Maogong undermined, as hair hate. Subsequently fled to the Soviet Union, along with his colleagues, the end is not better than Tao Zhu. At the end of the civil war, Lin Biao dominate the Northeast, Chairman Mao had "closed," the General master. The General will, is not the million is a disgrace to the King lives.


"Great Cultural Revolution M" in Lin Biao as Mao's lead No. thugs, Lin is also the "Chairman means go, where I hit," the blind loyalty and character. Scapegoat scapegoat for the hair, blood, such as mountains, are hated by the whole party and the country has not already. However, the life of the hair has not disgrace. .


The world of Chairman Mao's "four great" (great tutorial, great leaders, great Commander, great helmsman), "three days" (genius and creatively), they are cooked, Lin Biao and ordered the number of years. The President of the elderly, have been called so. How the cultural revolution had just ended, the crafty rabbit do die, lackey to be cooked, it becomes counts and "shit"? tell us (old snow. This gross public) reversal, the subsequent read will not be able to understand it, the brunt of Lin and his wife and son, this "B-52" disgruntled cunning, hated in the bone marrow. (Note: B-52 is an American heavy bomber, Liguo for Mao's code.). .


Ultraleftist armies Chen Boda..


Chairman Mao, Lin Biao and the military junta as a warning, not jump to peep large spaces, is a scholar first and Zhuo Qi Chen Boda, with warning to others (Mao said that this is called the punishment as a deterrent, saving lives). Class men and women in the forest department was forced to make oral and written after the review. Just finish at the General Assembly, Chen Boda M on the sin of anti-reform jail was. .


Chen Boda (1904-1988 + 1), and Fujianese, has served as a Professor, liue returned old GCD, war period to Yan'an, Mao Zedong's political Secretary, longer than writing, there is the "master" and "theoretician". Gross inflow liberation with ultraleftist. In the mid-1950s, Mao launched the commune of, outside the term is invented by Chen Boda. The origins of the cultural revolution, the leftist literature "five? a six notifications" manuscript is Chen's masterpiece. The eighth session of the eleventh plenary, Tran Thi rose rapidly, to serve the fifth hand (Tao Zhu was ranked fourth). Nine, Chen once again promoted, actually elected to the Politburo Standing Committee of five. Rank has come ZHOU Xiang antagonistic, or even have to had of actually engaging in party politics for the Chen Yisheng position of the peak. Who are familiar with, in the second plenary session, by even a slip of the tongue, actually in overnight from King House top stumbled. At this time the party Central Committee has also launched "batch Chen," The sharp, is not approved under Liu Tao is also approved. In fact, the intent is clear based on Mao Chen on behalf of the Tao, check the Lin Biao and Chen agreed not good body, caused by reduced second-Tao Zhu. Grant Chen a small matter, and its role (and with a Taiwan political terms) the approved forest cover to an atmosphere of movement "momentum" also.Our old House, "is to use wise." Situation, the general trend, although millions of people in the us to the truth. Maogong 28 years when the State, no, no, not in the campaign, so no movement, no start from "appeared. Today's batch of farm land to potential has become, in particular, Mao proposed the convening "th" and "after" four NPC, and decided to "Southern" blowing, the open Group. Look at trends in the plenum and convening of the fourth session of the Congress, for the entire farm will be granted to forest. By Lin Lin Biao couples and faction, definitely picked up the pace on liuqi, Tao Zhu impasses!.


Small Fleet VS. . B-52. .


This communication, such as "Mrs. parent-child is hot in a constant state of Ant". In order to force it to Chairman Mao Dragnet, arranged by the 27-year-old plantations of fruit, Alchemy, together with his March 1971 in air force headquarters, several Deputy Director level youth members: Zhou yuxing, letter to the newField, Li Wei, who, due to the authors, a plan to engage Armed coup d ' état is called the ' five-summary of the project "1". 5 July is "Wu uprising homophonic 【 full text see cited on page quanjian", "four four-or six-operate. They also organized the small groups, called "joint fleet." The name of the fruit stand to see the inspiration derived from the Japanese film. 【See "History of the Cultural Revolution Decade," on page 344. 】. .


Make fruit nickname Tiger, is the son of Lin Biao, HKSAR, the 21-year-old in 1965 he graduated from Peking University, Department of physics, that is, the introduced to Lin Biao Wufaxian, Commander of the air force, for the second year in a lower-level staff, introduced by Wu, three years was promoted to Deputy Director, Office of the high command and Deputy Minister of operations. Because the relationship between the Deputy Commander, Commander of the following leaders at all levels, and he's very flattering. The military because of "a two-year and three years of the party, Deputy Ministers, a four-year decisions. 【 See "quanjian", page 4-8366. 】 。.


Li Guo is a very standard "among the children of" big gas only crude, arrogant. But he was certainly a very distinguished graduate of Beijing University. At this time his parents found him a sex object, a short time has to "choose Princess," a sensation nationwide. Even after finding a peerless beauty, art troupe member origin Miss Zhang Ning. Two of the Ai Yan Zhang Ning once his story made into a book, the author has written an article to be about her long sequence. Interested readers may wish to have in-depth reading also. .


But he did not know the severity of the offense to his "little fleet", against the all-conquering "B-52", that is, to weaken against a rock with eggs. Former Chairman Mao Chen "climax" group, announced a short "plenum" and "after the 4th National People's Congress decided to appease his inspection tour Shuttle, Quartet, stable position, so that the two apart. President to take the train in 1971, August 14, since Beijing. Having famous, beautiful women, doctors, nurses, members of the armed forces, security officers and eight three or four a yulin force hundreds of people, go towards the East. Along the heavily guarded provincial civil and military officials, Christine Ye requested training, please St. Ann, such as instrument, which are the history of past experience, far away of Emperor Yang, and Ye Kangxi and Qianlong lords, six down the south, seven south, Where to put the story complete? Now, under the Emperor Mao South, familiar with historical people who will not fuss too. .


Chairman Mao, Nanchang, Wuhan, Changsha, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Shanghai are shedding, summoned the provincial governors, present, or appease or warning, and the fact that, in the midst of Viva, the hair in particular Lin Biao in recent mistakes, as well as his own and "Central", and how to avoid future ones, heal the sick of the heart. Wool fundamental to say that he tried to "throw stones, mixed with sand, digging the corner" at the end of every method, has weakened the Lin Biao clique to violence or to capture the peaceful transfer of power in all countries. Metaphor here, and then save the forests of the Deputy Commander of the slightest fantasy, and take the misfortune of miemen!.


Mao in this series called "southern tour speech" came out, immediately there were reports of the General Staff Headquarters in Beijing Huang Yongsheng, Huang immediately forwarded to Ye Qun, Lin Biao. Tiger naturally be reported immediately, he will immediately issued a "mobilization order" to his "small fleet" immediately to "B-52" opened fire. Before opening fire, he obviously father write a warrant to enable orders to the army. Sure enough, the Deputy Commander of forest on September 8, wrote a warrant, saying: "hope according to Li Guo, Yu-Chi convey the command to do, Comrade!" This is a lifetime to engage in armed coup Lin Biao, the only first-hand evidence, which evidence that he fled China in five days to write. .


"Why five days before the flight, before deciding to engage Armed coup d ' état?" serious reading at the inoculation site can't help to ask.


Our observation is engaged in armed coup for Lin during his lifetime, has always been hesitant, until the final die is cast when the press in his wife and son under the hastily written before the ten words. I remember doing a traitor Wang Ching-wei of the vote on, but also always hesitant. Not a done deal until the non-dry. Chen Bijun pressed him again and can not be "snapped." Wang then said: "the decision, and decided." Lin Biao's "determined", not at will so zai? ! I do not know too. .


Bristle farce and the death of Lin Biao.


Liguo bristles on a small fleet of farce, and I end Western friends and students, and regarded it as a detective novels. Curse of the pro-Lin Biao, Mao's always father and son how to treason against the party, so, so ... ...; hate hair is lament this as a significant difference between chess and how to pity hateful and so on. Hi I read history books, read many people carry on, never to make this wish also. Because Liguo these comatulid, can mao killed, would not the air brake early Chiang zai! Chiang Kai-shek from the astronomical year, 250 thousand silver dollars of the reward, to purchase and can not get the head and hair. Mao was trying to kill the world's enemy, would be less than one million? The hair of the head okay too.Many of you these few, if it can ability to kill off hair public? not to blame for their own ignorance also.


I Yichang small fruit stand to play "571 Project Summary", that it is only within a Scout camping tent notes, how can I count historical documents? This historic document was to kill the coup fucks can only be committed suicide. Sure enough fragmentation in Shanghai bristles, hair slipping through the net away, a special train ran quickly to facilitate the afternoon of September 12 will reach Beijing. Li results were reported, incredibly, Chairman Mao, who immediately wanted to capture, and Lin is a rush to escape the whole family. This situation is not unexpected, so why not earlier to plan it? This fruit stand was so young the comatulid, harm his family, but also harm the beauty Zhang Ning! . .


Furthermore, Lin at 12 midnight, 10 from the airport to Shanhaiguan in Beidaihe, the scale (toto) informant. Beans with their mother have contradictions, HKSAR and his brother make fruit nor coordination. She spilled the beans to the week, the dinosaurs are built of accidental events. Lin Biao on his four contradictions are not available, not to mention the control event.


Lin also rushed to escape, his guard was ordered to stop, but one step too late. Levin secretary general of his guard, but also halfway jumping, and shooting each other and setting of fruit attack, above activities Jieke shows that Lin Biao's escape, the escape is also abnormal, but a form of "escape." They Lin family in the "central" quietly under surveillance and carry on long he was in prison. Knew ye not? Yi Shi known that no alternative or not? ! . .


Remember the continent there is a former senior friends tell me that you guys said Russia is overseas and the iron curtain, China is the bamboo curtain. Tell you that our Chairman Mao's China is a "bucket"! we flee to Lin Biao reading history, only rough Li liked's intention.


In short, the commander of that aircraft 25 Forest Trident VI in the September 13, 1971 0:00 morning, the Air Force from Shanhaiguan adventure off the airport in the dark. A machine eight men and one woman, with a pilot and has not been sufficient gasoline. Premier Zhou receiving the report, have used paging telephone call to the aircraft, advised Lin repent, did not hear an echo. 1:50 machine finally fly across the borders of Mongolia. When Premier Zhou in this news report on the gross hours, Mao said: "It will rain, widow will get married, charged with this matter it!" ─ ─ Who knows this to not yet reached his 40 minutes, around 2:03 very, Trident crash in Outer Mongolia on the ?nd?rkhaan.Once mighty forest Deputy Commander's House machine crash.


Lin after the crash, Europe and the United States has been widely rumored, Lin Biao in the Swiss private bank deposits in U.S. dollars million there. This message is right or not, depends on people's governments at the national archives of the future open. .


Mao Zhou died of historical significance.


After the death of Lin Biao, Mao live late on Tuesday, only five years of good living. Both of them were terminally ill. Into history overnight can be expected. Although the dominance of the gang a gang, is still stirring up trouble, however Zhang, Jiang Qing was a more than Liguo "small fleet" wise not much. The N group dogs, although the trend is still a battle master, are sure they continue to engage in Pi Lin Pi, the target week, hoping to kill the Duke of Zhou could take over the public to Mao.Although intended to Mao Zedong in succession to nurture his wife, Empress Wu, so run out of steam, body home air, he knew his gang of four days each old as arises, it is self-defeating.


Elegy for the author in different years, have time and again that too, in Mao Zedong's regime, the week is a "political institution" (Political Institution), generation to generation was. (In fact, the week after the death of Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang, Zhao, and even today's Jiang, Zhu Rongji, both Zhou received the mantle.) Ancients called "V Qichang" also. Mao is one autocrat, Renwangzhengxi, I, and chop. .


Wool is a good old man, he seems to have seen this, although the angle. Although Mao widow who wish to cultivate, but he also felt that the gang was not warned of the society, help. Fond of anti-enough to damage. Mao's perspective is his experience: at the end of the old "bullets out of power. "People's Liberation Army is the regime. But Mao is also extremely clear, he warned the gang said: I am alive, the people's Liberation Army with me; I am dead, go with laoshuai PLA. 」 。.


So he was alive, should marshals kill (like the emperor did), to transfer his wife. But he worked hard, only to kill the three ─ ─ Peng, Long, Lin Biao, had exhausted the. There are 78 (including two wild political commissar Deng) did not kill his wife how can I take over it? ─ ─ regrettable ignorance of the Gang of Four, and even then all party, namely Hua also understand this, so one by one have been "marshals" were eliminated.So, five years after the death of Lin Biao (1971-1976) until Mao Zhou died, the Communist regime towards a "screwball" (Anti-climax) grey period, not worth wasting space again too. The story said here so far!.


Finally, readers may also ask that we engage in the history of the Cultural Revolution, Mao's regime and even the overall evaluation. This is a great book, a long story. We can only say that the last two years of Mao's regime, not only the number of 10 million Gaode death, destruction of cultural property which he was unable to compensate. The worst thing is his sense of honor to get ruined the whole of China, non-no, almost to the utter despair, Three and Five are not easy to recover. We are certain that China's political and social culture of the Second Great Transformation in the regime of Mao Zedong, is a traditional monarchy of using borrowed.But in two thousand years of Imperial tradition, only ten of the late Han dynasty and the end of thy weizhongxian chaos, only difference compared with Mao regime!, begging readers to teach. 1923 August 16, in honor of the so-called "Sun Yat-Sen as the most competent person," the delegation led by "Dr. Sun Yat-sen" to the Soviet Union, three months later, on 29 December, his back. This is a standard sense of the "North-day learn" activities, the problem is that monks and Tang Seng Chiang different, he found the "North-day" is not bliss, he said: "The Soviet political system but tyranny and terror organization," " strong political power in case they are reaching the Russian Communist Party, his political ambitions tsarist Russia The resurrection is possible. then the Republic of China and for our national revolution of the troubles, would be disastrous. " Him in his "Russian in China," a book of explanations: "I did not go before the Soviet Union, but strongly believe that the Russian Communist Party's assistance to our national revolution is my sincere waiting for peace, but no selfishness malicious.However, I arrive in Russia on the inspection results, so that my vision and confidence to disappear completely. I conclude that the party with a total volume of Russia's policy to fight against Western colonialism can temporarily, can never achieve the purpose of independent free State; more feeling of Soviet Russia and the so-called "world revolution" of the policy and purpose of the PCT than Western colonialism, Eastern national independence movement, is even more dangerous. ”。.


We can not find the Chiang Kai-shek's "Tour Russian report," but from his letters episode, or to collect a number of tours Russia to understand. Ironically, the Chiang Kai-shek did not tour the Soviet Union better, swim a total of three months, he set his mind to hit the anti-Soviet anti-Communist. Ironic is that Sun does not believe this evil, he even complained that Chiang Kai-shek considered too much.That's all his life, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen in the River, in his later years finally touch the stone of Soviet Russia, even if this stone originating from the toilet, or otherwise not in the toilet but was twisted monk spit to nao to toilet, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen will not have the time and effort to validate its fragrant smell, Sir cancer, history seems to have patience.


More intense criticism of Chiang Kai-shek, as well as Mr. Liao Zhongkai. Therefore, the Chiang Kai-shek to Laoliao wrote a long letter, said: "there is a word, told the brothers who want to direct, that is the problem with Russia is also party. This issue, there should be other facts and doctrine, I can not be trusted because of their doctrine, which is regardless of the fact. to observe the younger brother of the Russian party special sincerity at all, that is, brother against brother made Eren only a third of the credibility of those words, they also had a letter Eren brother, The brother can not make sweeping interest in. to its meaning Mr. Sun enshrines individual who caused, Africa and Russia Communist Party, which is also the international Communist.To the party members in Russia, Mr. Sun, only to slander and suspicion. Russian party on China's unique approach, is in the lead for the Orthodox Chinese Communist Party, the party must not believe we can always cooperation strategy, based on mutual success. To its policy on China, in full, the Mongolian and Tibetan put back, for its part, the Soviet Union, and the one on this part, there was no intention to interfere. We cannot stand on its own, but is designed for people, but there can be said without this! won't so-called internationalism and the world outside of revolutionaries, are not Caesar of imperialism, but instead easy name, perplexing to during this period. The so-called Russia and Britain, France, the United States, days, and damage to their own countries benefit the heart, then fifty paces and paces divided ears. To the unlucky brother always made by the representative of China, as compared to Zhang who is too far from the truth, rather not be in London. Therefore, Chinese people of their worship only to outsiders, but denied their human personality, such as the Chinese Communists were in Russia, but others criticized the U.S. slavery, slavery and the day the British slave, instead of learning their own fully become a Russian slave carry on.My brother who is still not enough to say to his brother, and not the letter, the future might also fall ear ... the party in a mission to Russia, took half a year, the fee is over, jinwan does not have the experience of the younger brother, no examination of the value, the younger brother of credit from the unworthy, and personality to sweep the whole loss should also be cited also blame resigns. In Russia, there is no action for slander consciously and not lose the party body point, because the problem, and the younger brother of the Communist Party to plead for the Sun to be a language, that is, to his brother as individuals loyal phase sarcastic, brother knows personality so it is not able to avoid others laugh. However, newspaper loyal monarch, without losing their patriotic love the people, as a traitor, Chinese slave, then betray the people it is also harmful. I would like to take a loyal base of names, rather than the title with a slavish comprador glory, steal like like to share with the brother! . ".


Looking at the letters could not help but laments, "in honor of both prescient, but also a rare one cavity loyalty. Even can be said that his father is the standard of the nationalists. History seems to love one-liners: in honor of the KMT and the CPC does not yet have become enemies before they find their next opponent became a slave; Russia and his future opponents long before they use the same tactics against him is a slave. In contrast, however, I was willing to admit Chiang Kai-shek's wise, because he a young age (when he was 36 years old, four years later, he was perplexed, and that year, he launched the 412) with the then foresight, with the development of history, his summary of the Soviet Union, unfortunately, were 11 true. At least, Liao Zhongkai no such wise. First, the doctrine is not the same with the facts. If the Soviet Union do not have much experience in this area, then China, but doing my part of the. Because of China's political tradition, is the yin yang of Confucianism, the sheep's head hanging on the implementation of the rule of law and virtue of cool political.Roar of the October revolution, give China a new sheep's head. Now, Russia is not hung up, we also are very high, high to the people who even the sheep's head or hair of sight. Secondly, no kind of Russia, China and Russia in the late Qing dynasty history is the best evidence in subsequent history is the best evidence of the history of the era of the Republic is the best evidence. Third, the Russian autocracy and terror and three people or say and freedom and democracy are incompatible, in honor of the Soviet Union to embark on land for a period of three months, had no China subsequently has many Soviet students in Russia for a long period of time to discover what it is?.


Chongqing negotiations have ended 61 years. .


Seldom has incident such as Chongqing, shines so bright aura, arouse the dramatic had great hope, but also as an impromptu ballad fleeting, futile left untold history hanging, hiding in a myriad of dusty archives back to reset memory, and has the real age of enlightenment.


After six years of greenish yellow today on behalf of the people suddenly overturned discovered that the distant negotiations, the protagonists who had passed away did not smoke in it, who waved, smiled, photo, shake hands at parting, who pledged in black and white, that the wisdom of confrontation , a battle of wills, power struggle, uphold Marxism, those roads and the fate of China China's commitment to and receive, are as yesterday, as in the present, look just like the closing of the East has never been a history of tragicomedy. .


"Three thousand years has been a big change," most Chinese Hui and world visions is criss-crossed by two major worldwide is the modern trend in China of a collision.


1844, Russia and the United States will still need two years to abolish serfdom, the French historian Charles de Tocqueville predicted that the Road: today's world there are two peoples, Russians and Americans, their different starting points, way different, they are nothing like the secret order assigned by God, one day to the Lord half of the world's fate. .


1920, Marx, Engels, "world proletariat, unite!" slogan after 72 years, Lenin at the second Congress of the Communist International on the warning: "If Europe and the workers ' struggle against capital not oppressed slaves ' millions ' colony most closely all together, then advanced the State of the revolutionary movement in fact just a hoax. "Moscow-Headquarters of the third" all policy "is," so that all peoples and Nations of the proletarian and the working masses is common for revolutionary struggle, down with the landowners and the bourgeoisie. "Two months later, the Communist International held in Baku," the Oriental nations General Assembly ", issued on the twentieth century, humanity has the unusual effect called the century: the proletarians and oppressed peoples around the world, unite!..


January 1922, the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party also invited to attend Comintern held the "far East countries Communist Party and the national revolutionary groups first Congress". Lenin went interview representatives of the KMT and the Communist Zhang Bai Zhang guotao, issued his Prophet-like "East asked": Chinese Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party is able to work with?.


In the U.S. view, the Russian Revolution was an unprecedented evil and disaster, its "barbaric terror and destruction in lives and property far more than the French Revolution, is an authoritarian and violent boiling with a large boiler, can not imagine there are more than come to the head of Russia more terrible disaster "," after 1917 is different from all previous communist radicalism, because it is based on the solid base of Moscow as part of the world terror "," Formation of the Bolshevik Revolution on the values of direct challenges, Bolshevism is a bomb, Moscow regime in all respects denied the United States. "In the final analysis, the Soviet Union's "great" but America's "fate" mortal days completely opposite and absolutely no relationship from Woodrow Wilson onwards, successive · President of the United States to the Soviet communism as on human freedom, the greatest threat, is the largest of the "non us" (un-American), a worldwide contest with Soviet Russia as a realization of the "mission" is decisive.


November 11, 1899, the first U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed the "open door" policy, following year, "China integrity" principle, began to take shape with the expansion of European powers to conquer the power of a large order and the balance of power diplomacy on the Hua Siwei different .In 1919, Wilson in Versailles and Club "fourteen program" and the Washington meeting, nine countries, the Kellogg is not only for the first time will be America's "fate" and made a new international vision, and beginning and a Soviet Russia different worlds, the core of which is in accordance with the principle of American liberalism in constructing a right based on individual freedom and the rule of law, national self-determination, free trade, multilateral cooperation and collective security of the international civil society. On the other hand, China is trying to establish the international order, the largest and most suitable experimental field, and is likely to be the focus of the international order . .


Japan's war of aggression against China, a who are quite objective results are greatly enhanced by the Soviet Union and the United States and China. And evil, barbaric, disgusting and ugly rhetoric bad compared to the Japanese invasion, the Soviet Union's "great ideal" and American "manifest destiny" is not only sad for the lonely, "Holding on to be change" in China welcomed the urgent need, and China hopes to meet the Japanese realize their spiritual needs of national rejuvenation; not only in form, the Soviet Union's wartime allies, the United States is China is China is looking for international donors, but also in spirit is to recognize and accept their own destiny and mission of the most anticipated world "advanced ideas."China do have access to these two diametrically opposite national relief, but also the need to pay the high price.


Chongqing is in the Japanese surrender negotiations, the Chinese nationalism and national interests for the first time need to be assert and protect, but because the Soviet Union and U.S. interference in China's hard to resist the clouds brewing, staged a dazzling Historical tragicomedy. .


Chongqing bargaining beginning is a farce.


Regardless of August 14, 1945 Chiang Kai-shek in the war just the day of victory of Mao Zedong on the open call inviting Lai Yu "jointly state plan," from whom the idea, in fact, urged Chiang Kai-shek "joint" anti-Japanese Communist Party, to avoid conflict led to civil war, the KMT-CPC thus weakening the power of the Chinese resistance to Japan, has always been the core of U.S. policy toward China. .


From 1943 Cairo meeting in November, American wartime important persons Roosevelt, Wallace, Wilkie, Marshall, Hurley, Stilwell, Latimore, wedemayer, Nichols, who has been publicly mediation and conciliation and dispute.


Like the United States, the Soviet Union did not want to beat Germany and Japan, before there is no breakdown in the relationship between Su Meiguo Union before the Communist premature to civil war. China's frustration is that the US-Soviet global strategy for China is purely "accidental" factors, than China's own "inevitability" much more powerful, resulting in the latter period a considerable period of history only as a former client . .


Chongqing during the negotiations, the decision and the forces of history is not in the table on the bargaining non-news media's passion, Frye and discourse, which is located in the northeast of the Soviet far East Army of 150 million and in continued debarkation North China ten thousand United States Marine Corps. Although Hurley, thin figure always sounded over the Soviet Ambassador Petrov chunky shape, but the Soviet Red Army will be higher than the us to China has been overwhelming.


Chongqing negotiations almost the same time, KMT armies began to occupy the Northeast competition. From a strategic point of view, the two parties after the war as if bent on seizing state power fight to the death, then the dispute over the Northeast, when the decisive battle. In accordance with the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance", which is able to maintain in accordance with U.S. and British-Soviet alliance of the "Yalta Agreement", the Soviet Army should be within three weeks to three months to the Kwantung Army in Northeast with all equipment and return all industrial facilities National Government, which is tantamount to the upcoming US-Soviet "cold war" for the Soviet Union to train up a pro-American anti-Soviet regime.The Soviet historical logic of choice is, delays, despite the agreement, to the northeast to contraries KMT.


Chongqing is a US-Soviet negotiations, the two competing spheres of influence in the world for capitalism and socialism Impending death trial of strength between the two camps are essential to prepare the "lip service, and on paper entanglement ", the two parties in order to gain time to win the civil war the initiative and place of dominance. .


Chongqing negotiations broke down the root cause lies in the eight-year war "repeatedly flaunted in the anti-Japanese national United Front" banner behind the KMT and the historical grievances, but instead of digestion of war because of the power dynamics and international space transformations, in particular the United States and the Soviet Union Alliance lurking suspicions, prevention and the value system of opposition and become increasingly intense, complex, irreconcilable.


Japanese for eight years, as between the Soviet Union did not develop a beyond ideology, social system and national interests of the new philosophy of history, as the two parties are not really set up a line with China's historical tradition and present the interests of national consciousness and overall national interest. KMT still feud, rift remains, opposition remains, the Chinese War of Resistance recurring disputes and civil wars in the shadow of the party, and both are difficult to pass between the edge from the KMT after the war about to seize state power for the conduct of the war preparations. .


"The United States and the Soviet Union and Communist reflect" the full complexity of Chongqing negotiations and all the complicated and confusing things like, "party" is the result of the evolution of the relationship.


Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing negotiations, the two main characters of China, Mao Zedong between individuals, the surface of reciprocated friendships, but in private mutual allegations. China's modern history, similar to the Communist sworn the Supreme Leader who, not to have the. .


Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin had fought side by side, have strange bedfellows, as fundamentally opposite to the world system and the representative of the nation State. But how many among the three person maintain a modern human civilization and the basic relationships between ethnic groups. Negotiations in their smug, for their respective countries seek maximum benefits, while at the same time, many sincere mutual understanding and respect, and basic compliance with their agreements until after his death, his feelings about the assignment of the world. Churchill heard the news of Roosevelt's death, like "being punched," Stalin "looked dejected", and grasped the hand of the U.S. ambassador "was a full 30 seconds long," has always been against and Roosevelt's "New York Times "published" obituary "type of editorial, to praise the dead really sad tone, and even the Prime Minister Suzuki of Japan's most deadly enemy is also" deep respect ", Tokyo station is" as the great man's death "play funeral music. .


Negotiations and as old as human history, regardless of whether the Chinese or the world, in any case, the game plan, are seldom as Chongqing negotiation, so we say, and, perfunctory, replete with virtual emotion, pretending and deceived. Chongqing negotiations are still the biggest, is beyond dispute, the party political interests and even "spiritual and moral deficiency.


Internal and external China a hundred years, war-torn, even more so the Japanese invasion of China lives, broken pieces, so the tragic fate of this unfortunate nation, almost pleading with the greatest of prayers, hope for the negotiations in Chongqing will be the beginning of peace and democracy. Chongqing negotiations relentlessly go against the natural requirements of the Chinese people in the world anti-fascist Asian countries, only China has plunged into a fratricidal civil war.Chongqing negotiations were not as national unity and reconciliation, political cooperation class starting point, but as a prelude to the civil war, there is no national victory, only parties and lust for a contest; there is no historical reason, only the primogenitors of Qi; there is no triumph of peace and democracy, and only the Chinese people, another round of fratricidal beginning; there is no "foul East politics" (Marx) into the "all things" (the Sun), and only let the Chinese elite and although not yet good honest Wentao Wulue, longing for the normal life of the Chinese people a shackles in generous and generous "" and "Earth".


Chongqing negotiations have been plagued by thick black shadows even in China half a century. China has since been divided, China's first national life and national spirit from the split into Numuxiangxiang, mortal, "two roads, both the future of two Chinas." .


Although negotiations on a political farce Chongqing nature and it is destined to ruin historical, little positive meaning at all, however, it is open and on columns of three principles, namely, democracy, nationalization, political parties, it is equal to legitimize China from 1911 to 1945 political lessons of real summary. It should be recognized, since the Sun referred to "Three People's Principles", "five-power constitution," since the since the war years, the Chongqing Negotiations between the two parties and recognized by the public stands for "three" is a great disaster to China's decades of bitter reflection , is the natural society parties and military requirements, is really moving towards peace, democracy, constitutionalism and modern essential prerequisite is to end the war in China and bloodshed, to avoid the only way for the restoration of totalitarian dictatorship, but is truly national Renaissance, the great national unity and a modern style and quality among the country's historical foundation of nations. .


Since the beginning of modern China, all suffering, pay all costs, but in the history of mankind, have had a tragic spectacle, is an ancient and great people in the face of numerous foreign "fortuitous" and tried to save himself the "inevitability" history of tragic epic. Chongqing negotiation of maximum positive, perhaps because it has the largest historical drama, illustrates this tragic. It is unreal and the overall total failure, will China's political efforts and may hit pieces, the nation's destiny at a historical catastrophe of the bottom line, people in the Left with no alternative apart from the unprecedented split among the nation began to nurture a new life , a new national concept and mission. The reason why China is particularly tragic in modern times desperate, one of the reasons is that they often are in the form of farce.Only time, but the Chinese are not devoid of freshmen in nature, but the revelation of the civilized world, the front is expected to give all the farce sublimed for tragedy, thus contributing to the transformation of China's emerging new vitality, spirituality, wisdom and strength. Chongqing negotiation should be. Liu Yun really — also known as Liu Ting, Vice President of original changshashangyeyinxing (1948, Liu Shaoqi's third son).


Liu Yuan - People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department, deputy political commissar, was promoted Lieutenant in 2000, 36-year-old vice governor of Henan Province, Ren (1951, Hunan Ningxiang people; Liu youngest son). .


Liu flat — also known as Wang Ching, the former Beijing Institute of food science and Technology Division, domestic trade; 1999. .11. .25, the International Bureau will snake's constellation constellation numbered RA17H37M17S — 39 ' D5 ' Star note "Wang Ching" name in recognition of her in the field of food science. (1949. .05, nutrition education, Columbia University, Dr. Liu Shaoqi and three women).


Liu Hong Kingston - Tristate Holdings and the trade St. Jia, chairman of the international auction house (1952, Harvard Business School Master, Liu Shaoqi and four women). .


Liuweiming-Guangdong provincial party Committee, Vice Governor, Vice Chairman (1938, ningxiang, Liu Shaoqi's nephew).


Deng - Chairman of China Disabled Persons Federation (Deng Xiaoping's son). .


Miss mass — the Quartet Group President (Deng Xiaoping's second son).


Deng Lin *-- Artists Association Member, Institute of Chinese Painting artist, Oriental Art Exchange Association (1941, Guang'an people, eldest daughter of Deng Xiaoping). .


AAAS * – Vice Minister of science and technology (Deng Xiaoping's daughter).


Deng Rong *-- International Friendly Contact, vice president of the Sino-Russian Friendship, Peace and Development Council Vice-Chairman (Deng Xiaoping's daughter). .


Jianchang — Vice President of China iron and steel, the Party Secretary, jinhui Group (Hong Kong); Honorary President (of Deng Xiaoping's son-in-law, denglin husband).


Zhang - Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Secretary (son of Deng Xiaoping, Deng Nan's husband). .


He ping — ??China Vice Chairman and General Manager, major-general armament Department (major general he Biao's son, Deng Xiaoping's son-in-law, Tang Rong's husband).


Deng first group - the original group of the General Political Department and Industry Minister, Major General (Deng half-sister). .


Qianming — artillery Deputy Commander, Lieutenant (Deng Deng Xiaoping's brother-in-law, the first group of husband).


Zeng Qinghong - Vice President (1938. .09, Ji'an people, former Minister of the Interior had Hill's son). .


Once Keiyo-Military Academy of military history, major General (previously faithful).


Zeng Qingyuan - Deputy Minister of People's Liberation Army Air Force Logistics, Major General (Zeng Shan's son). .


Have marine * — Director-General, major General (has the beauty of the female).


Yu Zhengsheng - Hubei Provincial Party Secretary, Politburo member (1945. .04, Shaoxing, Zhejiang; Tseng V, grandson; former Tianjin Municipal Committee, the son of a machine Minister Jing Huang; mother, Fan Jin, former Beijing Vice City long; wife Zhang Zhikai former Deputy Prime Minister, Defense Minister Zhang Aiping general's daughter). .


Yu strong sound — Beijing National Director, 1986, defected to the United States (yellow disrespectful child).


Xi Jinping - Zhejiang Party Secretary (1953. .06, Shaanxi Fu Ping, former deputy prime minister Xi Zhongxun's son). .


Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai — (1949, Shanxi fixed xiang, former Deputy Prime Minister Bo yibo's son).


Valley open to - Bo's wife (Shandong Rong adults, the daughter of former Vice Premier Gu Mu). .


Boxi-Beijing liuhe, fire technology co., Ltd (the former Deputy Prime Minister Bo yibo's son).


Zheng Yaowen - former ambassador to Denmark (1991. .11-1997. .01) (Bo Yibo's son). .


Liu will far — Shenzhen University zone economy Institute (1948, Shandong rongcheng, former Deputy Prime Minister, the son of Gu MU).


Liu Li truss *-- will be much ex-wife (the former Deputy Secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee, Mayor Li Hao's daughter). .


Wang Qishan — Beijing Mayor (.07, born in 1948. Qingdao, Shanxi tianzhen, former Deputy Prime Minister Yao Yilin's son-in-law).


Liao Hui - Vice Chairman (1942. .05, Guangdong Huiyang people, the State Council Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Director Liao, vice chairman of the NPC's son). .


Liu yandong – Deputy Head of the Minister (1945. .11, Nantong, Jiangsu, former Deputy Minister of Agriculture of Liu Dragon female).


Dai - Deputy Foreign Minister (1941. .03, Guizhou people, former Deputy Foreign Minister, Minister of Culture, Huang Zhen-law). .


Li yuanchao-Jiangsu provincial party Committee Secretary (1950. .11, lianshui, son of Lee did).


Tian Chengping - Shanxi Provincial Party Committee Secretary (Tian Ying's son). .


He graduated from the Department of provincial Secretary (1943. .10, Shaanxi jingbian, white kin's son).


Wang Jun - China's CITIC Group Chairman (1941. .04 Liuyang, Hunan Province, the eldest son of former Vice President Wang Zhen). .


King — great wall Computer Corporation (1942, Wang Zhen Zi).


Wang Bing - Petroleum Helicopters Inc., chairman of the South China Sea (Wang Zhen youngest son). .


Hole Dan — China CITIC Group Vice President and General Manager (Jiangxi Pingxiang, former Central Investigation Department, the son of former Minister hole).


Wang Weiyan - Shenzhen Yantian Port Corporation chairman (1944 Liuyang, Hunan Province, the former vice chairman of CPPCC National Committee, the son of the king's first Road). .


Wang bin-armed police force's first Director, Colonel family (.11, 1947. first daughter of the King).


Lorraine Wang - Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Associate Dean (son of the CPC Wang Yanan early theorists). .


Li Xiao-Lin – Vice President of China's Association for friendship with foreign countries (former State President Li xiannian daughter).


LIU Ya-zhou - Director of the Political Department of Beijing Military Region Air Force, Air Force Major General, writer (1952. .10, Anhui Suxian, Li Xiannian son, Li Xiaolin's husband). .


Mr Wei — Director (1944, Hunan huarong, former Vice Chairman of CPPCC of permanent Ho).


Wang Guangtao - Minister of Construction (1943, former Mayor of Shanghai, the son of ARATS chairman Wang). .


This piece of fragrant * — Hong Kong emerging company CEO (representative of the female).


Zhou Xiaochuan - People's Bank (1948. .01, Jiangsu Yixing people, the former Ministry of Machinery Industry, Minister Zhou Jiannan son). .


Lin yanzhi — Jilin provincial (1948. .04, Heilongjiang Wangkui, NPC Vice Chairman Lin's son).


Hu Deping - vice chairman of the National Federation of the United Front party secretary and deputy minister (1942. .11 Liuyang, Hunan Province, Central Committee General Secretary Hu Yaobang, the eldest son of the original). .


Liu-Hu-huarun Group Managing Director and Vice President (1945, Hu Yaobang's second son).


Anli - former vice mayor of Xiamen (Hu Deping wife, daughter of the former department for Ziwen). .


Slogan – Vice Minister of Commerce, (1945. .04, suide, former head of the child, the son of man, Chang'an).


Lou Jiwei - Deputy Minister of Finance (1950. .12, Zhejiang Yiwu people of the State Council Development Research Center of Party Committee, deputy director Chen Qingtai Qidi). .


Li tieying — NPC Vice Chairman (1936. .09, Changsha, Hunan, NPC Vice Chairman Li Wei-Han's eldest son).


Planes - Central Organization Department and the Deputy Minister and central agencies Editorial Director, Sixteenth Central Committee (1943. .05, Li Weihan the youngest son). .


Hong Hu-Jilin provincial Governor (1940. .06, Anhui Province jinzhai, CPPCC Hong Son).


Hong Bao - Tianjin garrison deputy commander, Major General (Hong Xuezhi son). .


Liu xirong — qingze (1942. .05, Jiangxi Ruijin, son of the Chinese martyrs, Liu Ying).


Teng Jiuming - Chongqing Municipal Committee, Commission for Discipline Inspection (former Vice Chairman Teng Daiyuan son). .


Su-jung sang-Beijing military region Deputy Commander, Lieutenant (Yu's son).


Qiao - Chinese Vice Foreign Minister, leading members of the (1944. .07, Jiangsu Construction Lakers, Qiao Guanhua son). .


Weilan * — nia, Associate Dean (Chen Yun's eldest daughter).


Chan Wai-force - the general manager of international technology and intelligence cooperation (Chen Yun's daughter). .


Chen Yuan: Bank (1945. .01, Shanghai Qingpu, Chen Yun's eldest son).


Chen Fang - Zhongshan, Guangdong Industrial Corporation Manager (Chen Yun's son). .


Chen, is no bad thing — flight engineer (xiangxiang, Hunan province, Chen Geng's eldest son).


CHEN Zhi-Jian - Chongqing Garrison Deputy Commander, Major General (Hunan for people, Geng and the second son). .


Chen zhishu-Hong, Deputy Commander, major General (xiangxiang, Hunan province, Chen Geng 3 child).


Chen Ya know - the Secretary-General of the International Strategic Foundation, Academy of Military Sciences Research, a research fellow of foreign armies, Major General (1949, Hunan for people, Chen Geng's son). .


Chen haosu – President of the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries (in the field marshal Chen Yi's son).


Dan Chen Huai - General Armament Department of Science and Technology Minister, Major General (Chen Yi's son). .


Xiao Lu — Beijing standard international investment management Corp. (wife Su Hui yu's son-in-law, Chen Yi, son).


Wang - Deputy Foreign Minister, Ambassador Plenipotentiary to the United Nations (1950. .03, Jiangsu, Chen Yi-law). .


Chen tonghai — Sinopec Chairman (1949, Jiangsu guanyun County, Tianjin City, the son of weida).


Madame Tao *-- China Association of Mayors, Vice-President and Secretary General (1941, Hunan Province, the former Politburo Standing Committee, vice premier of the Tao Zhu's daughter). .


He jiesheng * — Military Academy of the Ministry of military affairs, major general encyclopedia (1935. .11, sangzhi, Hunan helong's eldest daughter).


Nie Li *-- China Invention Association, Executive Vice President, Lieutenant General (1939. .09, Chongqing, the world's first Girls will, Nie's daughter). .


Small scale high-inertia Technology Academy, academician, Director of the COSTIND (1931. .02, Nanjing, NIE son-in-law).


Tan Dongsheng - Guangzhou Military Region Deputy Commander, Lieutenant General (Tan Zhenlin son). .


Zhang Xiang-artillery Deputy Commander, Lieutenant (Sichuan, the former Vice Premier Zhang aiping, son).


Luo Dong Jin - Deputy political commissar of the PLA Second Artillery Corps, Lieutenant General (1939. .02, Hunan Hengshan people, Marshal Luo Ronghuan son). .


Karen Lee — Director of the Deputy Minister, Lieutenant (chaohu, Anhui Province, former Deputy Foreign Minister, the Minister Li kenong Investigations Department of the child).


Ding Yiping - Deputy Commander of Jinan Military Region and the North Sea Fleet commander, Lieutenant General (1955, Hunan for the founding of the North Sea Fleet, political commissar of the original Ding Qiusheng son). .


Ho Road Springs — Vice President, National Defense University (Hunan huarong, Vice Chairman of CPPCC of permanent Ho).


Zhou Er Jun - Defense Department director, Major General (nephew of Zhou Enlai). .


Robert bolt-Defense Logistics Department Political Commissar, Rear Admiral (Luo Ruiqing's son).


Qin Tao - Beijing Garrison Command deputy commander, Major General (former State Councilor and Defense Minister Qin Jiwei founding son will). .


Yang Ji-ping — Tianjin garrison Deputy Commander, major General (son of yangyong).


Zhang Yang - President of the PLA Foreign Languages Institute, Major General (Hunanpingjiang people, former vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, General Zhang Zhen's son). .


Zhang Haiyang — army Major General Political Commissar, 27 th (Zhang's son).


Zhang dry - Mapping the Secretary General Staff, Major General (Chang Chen nephew). .


Xu small rock — Minister of general staff of the Department of communications, major General (son of Xu xiangqian).


Malaysia Super - Navy vice political commissar of the Air Force, Major General (Ma son of the fast). .


Feng Hongda — naval Armada Deputy Commander, major General (Feng yuxiang's son).


Liu Tai-line - People's Liberation Army Air Force Command College Academic Research Department, Major General (son of Liu). .


Liu too late – Deputy Minister of armaments, Rear Admiral (Liu bocheng's son).


Liu Mi group *-- Associate Dean of the PLA Air Force Command, Major General (Liu's daughter). .


Junsheng — armed police equipment, the Minister for science and technology development department director, major-General (Mr chengwu of women).


Yang Dongsheng - People's Liberation Army Second Artillery Corps, Deputy Minister of Equipment, Major General (son of Yang Chengwu). .


Yang Dong – Director of the supplies of oil Minister, major-General (Mr chengwu's son) 'S M. ..


Wu Shaozu - in direct Working Committee Deputy Secretary and former Sports Minister (1939. .04, Hunan Leiyang people, the son of former Central Military Commission, the Secretary-General Wu Yunfu). .


Southern Lee--Shijiazhuang army command Vice Dean, major General (former Vice President of the CPC Central Committee, on the Li's son).


Liu Zhuoming - People's Liberation Army Navy Equipment Demonstration Centre, Major General (Hubei Dawu people, the son of Liu Huaqing, former Vice President). .


Pan Yue-SEPA (LIU Huaqing son-in-law).


Xu Yuanchao - Nanjing Military Region Deputy Minister of Equipment, Major General (son of Xu Shiyou). .


Bin Xu Yan – armored force Vice Dean (big Hui Guang da's son).


Wan Boao - Publicity Director of the State Sports General Administration, "China Sports" magazine, director and editor (former NPC Chairman Wan Li's son). .


Wan ji Fei — China International Trade Promotion Committee, the President of the International Chamber of Commerce in China (1948. .10, Dongping, Wanli's son).


Ye Ping - the former executive vice chairman of CPPCC National Committee (1924. .11, Guangdong Meixian people, the son of Marshal Ye Jianying). .


Wu Xiao-— former Vice Mayor of Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee, Deputy Director (Ye Xuanping's wife, the doyenne of Wu yuzhang grandchild).


Xin-Fu Ye - Hong Kong Wan, president of the letter (Son Ye-ping). .


Leaf selected Ning — Yue Feng, former Minister, general political liaison, Kelly, Chairman and Chief Executive (once countries 荃 v grandson, Ye Jianying's son).


Ye Lian - Chinese PLA General Lee company insured one of ibid. .


To really foliage-ling, Director, now lives in Hong Kong (Ye Jianying daughter).


Zou - Chinese Vice Premier (Ye-law, son fen). .


Leaf xuanji — senior officers of the armed forces (Ye Jianying nephew).


Ye Jingzi - Brilliant Culture Group President (1975, Ye Ning's daughter). .


Fu Rui-Deputy General Manager of China National Nuclear Corporation (formerly NPC Peng Zhen's son).


Fu Yang - Vice President of All China Lawyers Association, director of Beijing Kangda Law Firm (Peng Zhen's son). .


Fu Yan — Beijing Fuli Corp. (Peng Zhen of the female).


Jiang Xiaoming, Simon - Shenzhen Cyber Holdings chairman (Qiao son). .


Wang Chao — ??China Director, Vice President (Yang Shangkun Yang Li husband's son-in-law).


Larry Yung - Chairman of CITIC Pacific Group, the Chinese mainland's richest man (1942, Jiangsu, son of former Vice President Rong). .


Deng Ying scouring — the Chinese Academy of social sciences, Director of the Institute of economy and culture (1952. .09, Hunan, Guangxi, former head of the length of the son of Deng Liqun).


Xie Fei - Vice Chairman of China Film Association executive vice president of the Chinese Film Directors Association (1942, former Vice Chairman Xie Juezai son). .


Jiang zehui — the Chinese Academy of forestry (1938. .02, Jiangsu, sister of the people's choice).


Jiang Mianheng - Chinese Academy of Sciences (Jiang choose the eldest son of the people). .


Jiangmiankang — general political organization Department, major General (1957, Jiangsu, people's choice to my son).


Li Xiaopeng - Huaneng Power International Group chairman, general manager and deputy general manager of China State Power Corporation, the Asian electricity Wang (1959, Li Peng's son). .


CPI hits new high — China power international co., Ltd. Manager (LI Peng of women).


Levin Zhu - China International Finance Corporation, President, Director (Zhu Rongji's son). .


Zhu: Bank of China (Hong Kong) Development Planning Division (Zhu Rongji of the female).


Wen Yunsong - Beijing Unihub president (son of Wen). .


Xuis – Dalian shide Group President, 2003 China report No. 15, Forbes article 12 (wife of warm and sunny weather, Premier Wen Jiabao's son-in-law)).


First, fill in the blank (26%):. .


1, Star Costa picaresque _____________...


2, post-modernism came from Columbia's _______________。 Star (A work). .


3, "Stan" refers to a fly and _______ _____ and respectively from ______.


4, tricky master 2000 Jing hands fool 5 million from the widow of an excuse is _________。 .


6, "" plaque goers appear in your favorite movie is ___________...


7, "Invincible Hot Wheels" is the __________ of the trick. .


8, Christy Chung in four films xingchi in: 8 star Saint Angelo, Hobson, destruction of the King, ________.


9, "corrupt officials to be evil, honest and upright official to be more evil, or how to deal with those bad guys from _______。 ?"--- .


10, when mixed with xingchi a minor role, can now play the protagonist himself photographed humor, this man is ________. (Hint: he's the King of food masters, sabotage, nine zhimaguan in).


11, he was arrogant, but __________, he ____________, but respected by the Peoples, ... ... he can use the fire God gave man was superb, he is an angel in disguise in the end, or ___________ messenger, no one knows, However, each? have given him a nickname that __________。 .


12, Jean speakers of true identity is _________________.


13, an unforgettable necklace value _____________。 .


14, in the ___________ "appeared" seven twist 3 "this dialect words.


15, ____________________, me laugh others see through. ___________________, Not take no alcohol hoe to field. .


16 and eight Governors is __ rank.


17, the first of seven weapons is _________________。 .


18, ' the Thunder, rain collection and _________. ' ' Anatomy of _________ __ that should be on them. ' ' To worship?, Miss! ________________, Qualcomm Inc. will God bless you. ’ 。.


19, pee beef ball is made of _________ and ___________. .


20, barbecued is barbecued, scarce the ________ _______ so eliminating the soul food!.


21, "Hail the Judge", the inclusion of the most powerful weapon is the so-called Star mother and _____________。 ___________ .


Second, multiple-choice (24%).


1, "Flirting Scholar" in China snowster wife moved to _______ and smooth as Shu Tong. .


A, 100 birds facing the wind map of Western percussion instruments b, c, "Tang poetry".


2, "steal" words in the stars in the pronunciation is _________。 .


A, b, c kao kiang, and Mandarin..


3, the stars among the ,_________ is not allowed. . .


A, funny play little brother b, do, do it explode over c, Meatball soup with rice field altogether.


4, "nonsense" is ___. .


a、make no sense b、move one‘s head c、make eve ryonelaugh 　 。.


5, "show beans" refers to ____. .


A, a beautiful beans b, c, Dad going insane.


6, "Huang Dian" is _______. .


A, Akira at a point b, deception, c.. Emperor of offending.


7, using the 'fight with', we should call _______。 .


A, b in my power, wave paramita hrdaya c, Rasi, good Rasi.


8, Carry on con men of the wife to the British school is ____________. .


a、fashion design b、lawyer c、cooking 。.


9, the "King of Comedy" in a drama rehearsal Yin Tianchou ______________. .


A, b > "," a doll's House "c," the King of comedy.


10 Stephen Chow's most admired film is ____________. .


A, b and c wumengda. Madonna.


11, intelligent flashlight is __________ invention. .


A, b, 3200 Darwin West c, Joker paint.


12, "King of Comedy", the Ng Man Tat's true identity is __________. .


A, b Opera factory staff, undercover detective c, better.


14, Stephen in Weng Meiling Edition "Eagle Shooting Heroes," which played the role in the ________. .


A, b, road Kuan MUI Super wind sister and a Brother Roger dishes, Yang kang c..


15, Stephen Chow, the guy in the face of a flat film of a swindler, who plays the hoodlum who finally kill the use of ________. .


A, b, c bar pistols, toothbrush.


16, pull the meaning of the wind is ________. .


A, b and c have no sense of shame, dirty job.


Third, determine questions (16%). .


1, Karate is the strongest martial arts------().


2, Tang Yin's favorite color is yellow -------- (). .


3, Yoon tianchou performances a day's pay is a lunch-().


4, fried rice to fried rice to use overnight ------------ (). .


5, the dinosaurs of China will not eat--------().


6, the highest state of ancient Chinese boxing is a psychological tactic (). .


7, you can play ping-pong balls--------------().


8, For Yin mouth of the ball can break armor ---- (). .


Fourth, the list (26%).


A, listed on the first love of the three theories. .


2 of Jiangnan, four genius in the Ming dynasty.


3 Little Fairy the owner of the number of columns. .


4, the number of columns a formless Imperial stone of three birds.


5 shows that clip, Suansi Cao, Justice, My Foot meaning. .


5 essay questions (6%).


1 test from the perspective of postmodernism Page made his wife's performance evaluation. (6%). .


2, xingchi sit a vital woman-who have played.


The woman had Star Chi? (6%). .


3, on the analysis of those fluffed xingchi films a category (for example: in traditional costume, shoot-outs, branch.


Magic ... ...) and film from his line each year, the director, the play of star Chi personality type and psychological changes from year to year. (..


6%） 。.


6. . Short answer (+20). .


1, in the movie, xingchi with the highest number of actor is??.


2, Chi in Star of the film, with him the highest number of actresses who? How many times? . .


3, Director of the film xingchi itself there are a few which operations department??.


4, screenwriter of the film star Chi own there several? Which of several? . .


5, champion in both the what and filmed movie xingchi cooperation?.


6, Chi-sing the number of pieces which shot up to a year? How many? . .


7, jaing in..


<食神>There has not appeared? . .


8.007 movie mentioned Li Xiang Qin is an actor's name, she's your favorite movie xingchi?.


9, Chih-shan Chi for loans made to sing the swear that? . .


10, "my grandmother scolded him bully shanmin, he entered the House of the Tang dynasty. "What is the next sentence?.


11, Wong Chi director made several films that star? Wrote several scripts? . .


Scene 12, xingchi previously hosted his famous neighbors who are you?.


13, star Chi beginning style became popular and the biggest player does not make sense to who? . .


14, even the famous producers also to huaqiang yourselves to be lonely, he appeared in the films of which xingchi?.


15, the composer is not stained yellow star to perform Chi's films? Which one? . .


16, journey to the West plays the Bodhi ancestors actor is xingchi good friend, a good Director? his name?.


17, can Beast Wars in Xiaohu and snowster in the bridge are the same people that ugly? . .


18, and Jet Li have xingchi cooperation which film??.


19, star Chi and have worked with Leo? Which of the films? . .


20, food masters in arts in the Shaolin monastery xingchi Shaolin Abbot of when, what, since the EU is following in shufa, Prime Minister of the revolution, are followers of Jesus Christ and the Prime Minister. Not remove barriers between the three, building a democratic constitutional State, the hard work. Over the past 20 years, free base grows increasingly lean and constantly expand the Communist mainland, evil, anti-communist political warfare, party recovery period, Crescent, national servicemen, all comrades, never will not work because my, Huai sad but what I mean. Look the same solidarity services, subscribe to the Party and government leaders, on instructions from the Prime Minister of Marxism as invisible to the common goal of national recovery, but the spirit of Chiang Kai-shek, does with my fellow comrades, looks around, practice the three principles and recovery of the mainland territory , renaissance culture, adhere to democratic team, for the remaining life of Zhi Shi. Fact that is consistent with domestic and foreign soldiers and civilians and combat the revolutionary duty and determination to offer themselves increasingly be resolute, self-Fen Lai, non-responsibility to achieve the national revolution, not stop! Vector Vector Qin Yong, no idle no neglect. Mao Zedong praised Chinese food, life-long love Chinese food, but this is not to say he was against Western, rejected Western.In the early 1960s, Mao Zedong had several Western food, suddenly n several dishes are uninterested. He wants to, the original Western food in many dishes look of classic Ah.


Probably from the early 60s, the staff began to Mao Zedong, Chinese and Western cuisine making process to identify master chef. At that time, Mao employed a chef surnamed Chen trespassing for Western, Mao Zedong praised his skills often. Jiang appreciate the Western, there is a master in the Chen eaten like to do a few Western dishes, the envy of the endless. She Mao Zedong said: "Master Chen's skill is pretty good, I am the master no one can match there!" Mao Zedong, after listening to her, said: "If you want, put Chan master transferred to you over there Well. "Jiang overjoyed when he heard the last really unceremoniously be passed to Master Chen. .


In 1961, April 26, several staff in conjunction with the chef to Mao Zedong's carefully ordered a Western cuisine, two vegetable soup recipe. From the preserved food recipes, although not very abundant, but thoughtful care to Mao Zedong's eating preferences. This menu includes seven Western cuisine series, shrimps, chicken, duck, pork, mutton, beef, soups. Mao Zedong life remains, despite the rich variety of dishes available, but do not have a complete set of West tableware.


Mao likes to eat shrimp color, Western methods in the production of colorful fish and unique flavor. April 1961 Western set menu includes the following of these exotic fish: steamed fish Bo Ding, Grilled mandarin fish, fried (fried) mandarin fish, soft fried mandarin fish, grilled green, red grilled fish in Moscow, Kyrgyzstan Ginsber grilled fish, grilled vegetables and fish, spinach Lan Zhu Yu, Grilled shrimp, grilled shrimp Guyana, prawn noodle boxes, fried shrimp, curry prawns, Pot Stew shrimp, soft-fried shrimp, lettuce, shrimp, etc. . .


Mao for Western food produced from fresh fish, shrimp, and am very surprised. He often eat a lunch after the fish eat the last Western dishes of fish, for a change.


Mao eat chicken, but no particular favorite. Western practices in the chicken to more than Chinese food, because Westerners to meat, hence the production of patterns from generation to generation, innovation, and indeed varied, endless. Mao Zedong on the practice of Western food in the chicken was very respected. The early 60s, when staff developed Western recipes listed in the chicken is generally unheard of in these Western cuisine name, volume butter chicken (chicken), soft-fried chicken irresolute, chicken pie, chicken element, King chicken pie , chicken wire, Pot Stew chicken, Hong Men chicken, onion stew chicken, stew vegetables and chicken, chicken wrap, chicken Dingmin Shi, coconut chicken, butter chicken and so on.Mao Zedong said western dishes like chicken is not everything, but occasionally eat a meal and also feel that I..


Mao do not like beef, mutton, beef and mutton may he some despise the smell of mutton ignorant. In his many love for pork meat in only that I do not regret. He likes Pork, if a period of time not to eat some really tempts, often offered to "play sumptuous meal." 60 staff in the early formulation of Western recipes, taking into account the characteristics of Mao Zedong, in particular, arranged for a small suckling pig, it can be too fat, moderate, and things to take into account. Mao Western dishes eaten pork in the following categories: roasted pork chop, pork leg, pork fried a few, pork cutlet, boiling pork chops, pork chops, France, Italian dairy farms and so on.As regards the mutton class because Mao is not very fond of, and only occasionally with some varieties. Mao Zedong eat red meat in western dishes are: mutton, roast leg of lamb, roasted majun, white stew, grilled lamb chops, fried lamb liver, beef steak, fried, Curry beef, beef, or acid-Volt too, oxtail beef, etc..


Mao Zedong's favorite soup, almost every meal has vegetables in a small bowl of soup. Western variety of soups, and distinctive flavor. Mao Zedong 60 years have eaten the western soup, cream soup, oxtail soup, red soup, Dirty Tom, kidney soup, onion soup, saffron chicken soup, dumpling soup, red soup with carrot purée soup, Pakistan grain rice soup , assorted soup, chicken Rong abalone soup, chicken soup Rong Tang, Italy Country noodle soup, asparagus soup and so on. .


Mao Zedong's 1960s on Western cuisine, but he seldom but had a purely "Western". In Mao Zedong's view, regardless of taste, nutrition, Chinese food is far more than the western dishes. Of course, Western cuisine, many Acura, many worthwhile experience in food. However, if you let him food every day, he wouldn't want to. Therefore, Mao Zedong in Western dish eat normally and in food and eating together, that is to say, his daily diet, or to, or inclusion on several western dishes and meat dishes, or West, or Western vegetable soup. The late 40s, was crossing the river with Mao's millions of bold warriors, who for many years dealing with Mao Zedong Chiang Kai political hegemony, the face of "Flowers fall out" of reality, only the defeat of the South continue to Taiwan. At the same time, he took a lot of gold and precious objects soft, but also took away a large number of admiration for Mao Zedong's intellectual elite. He left to Mao Zedong, the only setting sun, such as blood, broken rivers and mountains, filled with poverty in the ancient and panic over. Xing, people suffering; die, people suffer, the cycle of history continues. .


However, Mao Zedong's laugh. How much struggle, by their own days of departure, Edward. Finally arrived, nine miles in the air, his first taste of the greatest in the Zhuangzi's philosophy. Crushing and rivers, in his eyes, will soon become a beautiful picture, he was convinced that they have this ability. Their younger fantasy "village", "Hunan Republic", which will be implemented in their own hands, he can not be happy?; the tragic poet, the farmer poets to your own rhythm, Prometheus tone to the whole world to chant: "the Chinese people have stood up. "Needless to say, first of all to stand up, stand up real people, Mao Zedong himself, not his Dependence of the peasant. Even though he has a particular emotional farmers, even though he had the sad and bitter for farmers. Unfortunately, In the days after the founding of his policy seems to not allow farmers to change traditional fate..


Arguably, the most knowledgeable about the farmers, non-Mao Zedong. Not to mention he is a descendent of the peasants, only his investigation research on the life of farmers, farmers ' psychological and take advantage of the experience of the uprising revolt, he should be aware that the farmers in greatest need. Chinese farmers, is the most honest, hardworking and is also the most unfortunate group of people, thousands of years of slavery, the King's culture so that they are only the most natural and most simple needs, this is the land, because they need to survive. At that time, farmers are positive in response to Mao's call, why are not afraid of bloodshed, because they believe that Mao was their spokesman, is the right person who truly loves them. Farmers own their own masters, many a good thing ah.In the past is powerful, how could it be that Wang, members said that the world is our world, we as parents and brothers and sisters, "China Mao Zedong!" ?the farmers, however, wouldn't dream of Mao did not pay special attention to them, it seems to have forgotten war, also claimed that the important issue is education for farmers. ?Proximity is certainly not ignorance, farmers understand the Mao Zedong, it is impossible to know, after the founding of the Mao Zedong of thinking. Farmers probably forgotten, educating farmers is a consistent advocate of Mao Zedong, as early as the twenties and thirties, Mao Zedong on the education of farmers, to keep their eyes open to learning culture, to anti-oppression, anti-exploitation, from his inner circle come out To join the national liberation movement. Now, the content of Mao education of farmers is different, that is, the farmers back into their own square inch of land, and to imprison farmers firmly together. You say, farmers want it? . .


The pants I discovered chaimi expensive. Laugh at the Tang and song zu less flair, despise Qin Huanghanwu lacking literary talent of Mao Zedong, when they become a long, he feel that ancient Confucian rule the world, the family is not so easy. He must look at the reality, and make a new choice of history, an exhibition of their own country, with its own life lapel. Although he felt "Saints all cooking small fresh" hyperbole, but "who said" God chicken feather cannot, let his detention of farmers, the development of the industry.


Mao Zedong's idea of natural is not a groundless. History of his thinking, he's competitive nature, his conduct in the end to perfect the concept of the role of the social environment at that time, the led him to betray the peasants began. .


First, the International Communist movement, brother of the Soviet Union, management and industry conditions, advise the Mao Zedong, China is still just a large agricultural country, does not have its own industrial base, and no decent industrial system. While the Western capitalist machine ROAR, have shown the height of modern civilization, by contrast, China is really poor. The reality is severe, the reason is obvious, if there is no industrial building, there will be no development and dignity, of course, there is no dignity of Mao himself. Chiang Kai-shek in Mao Zedong's want to know that my man Mao is after all, wouldn't your country. Mao also wanted Americans to understand, then you support the Chiang Kai-shek did not support me, is senseless, I'd want you to see, I do not row row Mao Zedong. Second, as the Peasant Party's leader, Mao Zedong, the peasants very understanding of human weakness, are also well aware of the terrible power of farmers. His regime has yet to firmly secure, those innocent and ignorant farmers, if they were using up their political opponents revolt, would not come to naught? Bitter lesson 300 years ago, General Li Zicheng who mud feet, a refugee cavalry force alone, a few months time to overthrow the Ming dynasty. Versed in Chinese history, Mao Zedong, also had to guard against the.As early as the 1930s, farmers will have an aversion to the border region of Mao Zedong's "land policy, dare to make the mistake of chaos", must not let them into the "spark" of the moment-fuel, must promptly detained farmers, like Stalin's collective farms, farmers ' circle, lifetime nail in loess.


Mao's attitude determines his will, his will is the only will. Subordinates obey their superiors, the whole party to the Central Committee, the central subject leaders, the special military discipline during the war, making democratic and legal system at that time also I do not know why the matter of the CPC senior cadres who almost unanimously agreed to abandon the countryside, re-grasp of industrial production.Needless to say, Mao Zedong's decision was wrong, he only consciousness, his eccentric personality, his practical, utilitarian, on the one hand, the kind of farmers on the yellow circle in 30 years, has created a new divide between workers and peasants, new conflicts, on the other hand, farmers are not the masters, more often, even their own fate. Mao relying on farmers seize power, farmers did not receive any benefits, even if it is assigned to the hands of the land and soon to "go Socialist cooperative in the name of the road", was confiscated. Land to the tiller of this most basic right to livelihood, in the politician's grand plan, becomes negligible. Meanwhile, the gross power from the hands of landlords and rich peasants to violence and deprivation of the large amount of money, mostly for supplementary budget deficits and military spending, and farmers are still living in misery. .


Farmers unhappy, doubt, they accompanied with Mao's ' open, not willing to cooperate. In order to implement their own will, at the beginning of liberation, Mao Zedong was almost even with the Executive power is violence forced farmers to implement cooperation transformation until 1958, the cooperative is declared complete. During this period, Mao more energy and time spent on cultural rectification and clean-up, he knew how to deal with the farmer is not a difficult task, intellectuals are his heart. Union and in the anti-rightist movement, akin to the farmers, resulting in a new bureaucracy, centralization and control the results, also being impractical cultural patterns. Whether farmers had what day and Mao Zedong could not know, party and government cadres and glossy style, so that Mao Zedong intoxicated feeling better about themselves. If anyone has a different view, you'd better be quiet in my heart, otherwise there will be no good either. For example, Zhou Enlai, early in 1958 the economic policy of his hair a little resistance, they took out their hair Ke Qingshi proud disciple of the "good wind break," the article, face to face ridicule Zhou Enlai could not write, and showing instead let Ke Zhou position. Later, Zhou Enlai was forced in May to review the eight second plenary session is considered to keep the his post.It is spring, Mao Zedong in Zhongnanhai, met Hu and his two sons. Mao Zedong asked the child's name should be renewed for two children, say a name should be called ideal, one should be called in the future. Very interesting though, this little thing, but with a humorous colour reflects the ambitions of Mao Zedong's self-righteous.


Mirage, in the eyes of Mao Zedong, more and more United States. "Is long, seizing the day", Mao Zedong made a sudden leap of the impulse, he wanted in his own lifetime, the completion of human history has been a feat. Despite Stalin's model has generally attracted the antipathy of the international community, but also despite Twenty Years on the Abuse of Khrushchev exposed Stalin, Mao Zedong, Stalin is still adhere to the line, and made his model is more big play.In May 1958, CCP II meeting, he came up with the famous "general line" great leap forward approach, according to this principle, the national people's army of the whole party, various fronts in various areas, to leap forward. In particular, to the look of the countryside, as soon as possible to realize communism. All of a sudden, Communist wind swept across the vast land of China. The most typical example is that in November 1958, Mao Zedong received Shandong Fanxian "the transition to communism in 1960," the report material, when Mao Zedong's see where "everyone said good heaven, heaven as the new Paradise" compliment poem when actually greatly appreciate, and as instructed, to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC National Congress issued. .


In Mao's commune "paradise" in the hero, enjoy the unwarranted farmers, in fact, have lost the value of individual existence. The commune became engaged in a variety of production of the concentration camps. Production brigade, brigade and the people's communes, the three levels of strict control and management network, not only restricts the freedom of farmers and deeds, is fundamentally eradicate their labor to get rich. On the nature of which is a legacy not only in rural areas-Jia system, without development, also in the past regression.


Stalin mode operation of the agricultural consequences is entirely unexpected in Mao, hunger tens of thousands of farmers had a great reverse psychology. Years without benefit of labor, for many years under the guidance of the blind in the red flag desperately hard, and finally the peasants hate labor, deserted countryside, local self-exile. The farmers pragmatic virtues of hard work for thousands of years, have since disappeared into obscurity. .


After the failure of the great leap forward, and the so-called "rural capitalism forces farmers to rapidly rise, theft, illegal means, to the Communist regime issued a challenge. In particular, farmers sell food and vegetables, a direct threat to the stability of the urban community. At this moment, if Mao Zedong to withdraw, and people, peasant disaster maybe much less. But excessive suspicion that Mao Zedong thought class enemies in the manipulation of farmers. In the late 1960s, Mao launched the national rural twice on the "spontaneous" capitalist forces against the potential for mass not less than those activities against Chiang Kai-shek's "big encirclement. He made "leadership class" working class team and revolutionaries to go to every village corner, one by one review of township cadres clean. The movement of the object, extend to the general better-off farmers and craftsmen by hand, their idea of the pursuit of wealth and behavior were ordered prohibited. This part of the free local farmers, eventually being detained in their own nest, and was the half-comprehended their socialist indoctrination, and suffer from hunger. Mao Zedong and the farmer's son, to his own impetuous and rude, to live up to and at the expense of farmers. Land so the disaster, he was immersed in the "likes to watch the rice beans resonates everywhere under the Xi Yan hero" of the illusion being. .


The crux of the tragedy, Mao Zedong's bigotry and so he cannot recognize your mistakes, but cannot accept any criticism. His past glorious history, let him have a latent sense of superiority and exclusive, that is, no matter who you are, if you have some things he finds little objection, he would say that you make. Marx, Stalin, he can go beyond, you how can I make indiscreet remarks of Mao Zedong? Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward and the Commune, also when he introduced soon, it has been ridiculed by the international community, Mao Zedong to cold tone to the ocean to see the world that laugh laugh what, a thousand years ago, Zhang Lu's "Five Pecks of Rice Road" to has opened the first of its kind of socialism. The implication is, Do I not like Mao Zedong ancestors? Lushan Conference in 1959, the majority of Communist Party patriarch, looked, with good and friendly attitude, criticized the work of some of the mistakes of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, who was cited by the recriminations pessimistic, discouraged and Right.In particular, he gave her to Cao Cao, Liu Xiu, feudal monarch's attitude to the Ministers, for example, implied Peng Dehuai, canoe, Huang Kecheng, Tian et al., it is best not to offend my Mao Zedong. And genuine concern for the farmers ' interest to Peng Dehuai, in his words a tear in the cry of pain of farmers, the rhetoric of the rich as those trick, pick up a Mao Zedong "Petofi Club" hat, Peng Dehuai was from this cover into limbo. Mao appears, you ectasia but from the ranks of the uneducated general only, in addition to some small-scale peasant consciousness, they know what the art of governing the country? What qualifications do you have in front of me Jiliwala? Can not be offensive in the holy face of Mao Zedong, Peng nothing with this, and other civilian who has a dual character, also remained silent in the astray in the. Mao Zedong never doubted the feasibility of their policy and science, he excludes those who, on the one hand is its narrow sense of mischief farmers, but also the king of traditional Chinese culture for thousands of years has been rooted in his flesh and blood among the reasons.Plus many international Communist movement of fluid, Comrade Stalin's scandal was exposed, Hungary, Poland and other socialist camp, the number of the caller to let fear sideway of Mao Zedong. Suspicion and fear, let Mao Zedong had to accompany him to a life of solitude thinking thinking, black helicopters, who may be a time bomb. Indeed, the negation of the negation, explosive, Peng Dehuai, being near the world seldom prodigy Shaoqi, trying to weaken the position of Mao Zedong, thereby reducing his error caused the national disaster. When he has to live in rural areas the survey, accused the authoritarian *** Mao Zedong, the then bang echoed over in Chinese history. The result of the collision of two shells, naturally bullets defeated, not better than Mao's "class struggle" of the atomic bomb. "Class struggle" is the eradication of alien Mao sharp weapon, is also wrong Body armor cover up his own magic.According to the logic of the deduction of Mao, the conclusion is that Mao Zedong is class struggle is the only legitimate explanation and Leninism the sole representative of China, the great leap forward and wrong in the CCP II meeting, Mao Zedong also get so that the great leap forward had two sons, one called chaoying, a call to catch the beauty. Mao Zedong so Meng long and it is no wonder that he stimulation, still do not know where the "pottery making, peach Yuen Lane can plough" strong words. However, the reality ruthlessly mocking Mao Zedong thought the peasant economy, only in 1960, the great leap forward of the great famine, starvation and thousands of farmers, as bones cross wild, dark clouds. Savior Mao Zedong This tears, sleepless nights, and his tears that mean? Is he ashamed in front of the third world, or the philosophy of Mencius, the embodiment of compassion? Perhaps both right.At this moment, he might think once said of rhetoric, "the Chinese people have stood up", "what is the largest in the world? eat most of the questions," what "to protect people's right to" freedom, "cursed is right, we accept that this party, the Socialist," "the masses are the real heroes" ... but now that so many people die of starvation, Mao really me wrong? how to give to the world. The master strategy, there are his difficulties, he must, under siege in the West, for tough industrial construction, must, like Stalin, like his brother, to the jurisdiction of the peasants in the form of brutal, primitive accumulation of capital for industry. But, no doubt Mao's misplaced. Envisaged, from 1949 onwards, he truly honor their commitments, the total liberation of the peasants of policy, then, the Chinese contemporary history and history will be rewritten in the ***. .


Out of, concern, the farmer leaders pattern had to make some of the accused. Pointed out that it is necessary to leave their land to farmers, at least 5 years. At the same time, he angrily for local government boastfulness, command the wind, the wind and the Communist regime in the backseat, and you want everyone to have the courage to admit mistakes, but also to research and seek truth from facts. Mao Zedong which literally nature, but later generations of historians is not difficult to find, so many "wind" caused by natural disasters, economic ideology of Mao Zedong's vulgar, but he will curse lightly married his people. As if he's not wrong, the "born" in Germany, not more than the doctor. Emperors of China's feudal society, in any case where a major natural disaster, all know the "crime had" a public apology to the people, blame Debo little talent as described. This is of course hypocritical behavior of a show, but you are able to do for the emperor, no doubt takes courage. As Marxism-Leninism, government leaders, ye do not reflect their own fault? It is impossible to justify in any case is all the people not understand. Criticism and self-criticism of Mao Zedong's pet, but also his whole person rectification of beautiful weapons. Criticism of his patent, and self-criticism, he was not in the habit.This is the main reason for the failure of Mao Zedong, he was also left bureaucratic incurable disease.


Let 20 years, Mao Zedong in Changsha, "Ta Kung Pao," called for: no matter which country the political, if there is no opposition and the ruling party relative, and the opposition if there is not enough power with the ruling party competition, which the country's eight political 10 nine is not perform well in the. July 1945, Mao Zedong seized power because of the need, strongly condemned the KMT government's ******, that the government must have checks and balances of power and democracy, public opinion, otherwise you will corrupt the fall.Mao Zedong was very nice, simple logic, have no right to freedom of expression, supervision and oversight, how could you do a nation-building power of Mao Zedong shouldn't take?.


Poor people the world son. Mao Zedong's cultural brainwashing King shake works to tame all the CCP cadres and people. Cultural pattern of home and family in the world, the value of individual life and historical and cultural value, thus no longer exist. Hundreds of millions of eyes hung back a huge altar, one by one loss, the ancient feudal servility culture, another cycle of blood and tears to people's interpretation. Hui died of septicemia is no perception of Mao himself, he was immersed in the joy of a god. He still believes that he is pain love the farmers, still believe that they retreat from the world economic community is beautiful, he is still prepared to God's power to implement their own beliefs.Just like when he was young people yearning for the amount of "atmospheric" implemented as the universe will, he wants to achieve his self-cultivation. When the conscience of the Red leader Comrade Shaoqi, in 1962, the Chinese Communists, the Declaration on behalf of the people again and warning him, Mao Zedong's bigotry and only the will and ideas, extreme suspicion, fear, confusion and embarrassment and anger, and finally led him to wild magic sweep Sextile plaster, beginning with an ancient history of the Arab civilization, also began to pursue his early the hated everything. The privilege once and human weakness, and fallacy of combining theory, human society of civilization, will go to the opposite of their own.


If Mao was a layman in the economy, these words are the truth. Only, Mao's so-called economic thought is utopian socialism and the Soviet state of a mixture of ancient China Datong, I call subjective economy. Objective and subjective to plan, in itself incompatible with the economic laws of the road are difficult; if Mao wholeheartedly engage in economic development, then the strategy of his wisdom, supported by experts and foreign friends to help, perhaps the Republic of the farmers will not suffer so much disaster and humiliation. But Mao regarded the main effort, on a consolidated position for the power on, and vigorously pursued the so-called ideology, personal image of the tree.The cultural sector and the three major battles in the anti-rightist movement, etc., he almost conquered all the intellectuals. In order to control at the beginning of the founding of the people, culture, Mao Zedong conscious systematically different road elite in order to understand their true state of mind. His vision did not leave any field, political philosophy and literature, speaks for itself, even if quantum volume studies, formal logic, he is personally involved in the discussion, he always worry, will have to cross their political opponents sword go get myself. In the dark of the scholars, but also happily that concerns all of the President.


When Peng, spokesman of the interests of farmers, led by Liu Shaoqi, Mao Zedong launched an attack to later, the spirit of Mao Zedong's operating system for many years, in fact, already began to collapse. He fell into despair and solitude, he felt he was not Xuanhujishi the economy. Since then, he has no interest in the economy, when the U.S. President's visit to China consulting economic problems, he said, not without embarrassment, he was engaged in political philosophy, do not understand the economy. Zhou Enlai asked you to ask it.In his later years, he has not put forward their own ideas and agricultural systems, so-called Zhai on agriculture, industrial learn from Daqing, Zhou Enlai their recommendations, he granted the Zhu. While the dazhai, Daqing economic model is still in essence, the bureaucratic economy being impractical ingredients very obvious, Mao Zedong, China's political system, economy and culture, doomed to being impractical, to cover the world trend. Because it is not a citizen-centric, instead of all power-centric. For example Dazhai, its so-called achievements, mainly by local government cash or in kind support to local officials is to it as a political task to be accomplished, and in order to curry favor with the Lord on today. Dazhai under the conditions of the original natural daughter, had been used then lost its virginity. The irony is, from the masses of Dazhai hero Chen Yonggui, was hit by Mao Zedong as the Deputy Prime Minister Khin, when Mao Zedong's talk with Chen Yonggui sit together, Laoshibajiao the guy actually have nothing to say. He issued a mournful lament, Chen Yonggui you have culture just fine.No culture became Vice Premier of the State, under Mao Zedong's system is not being impractical Home? National Zhai on results, not only no, but brought uneven. First of all, by sanmianhongqi of peasants, already tired of this movement and the movement, whether small walled dazhai, farmers do not sell Mao Zedong's account. As Mongolia, farmers often work with destructive, but according to their own needs and interests and fertile Prairie were devastated. Even after several years, many of the Greensward pasture degraded into the desert. The central and southern farmers, vigorously reclaiming land from lakes, those famous and beautiful lakes, in their agonizing, almost fast disappearing from the map. .


Farmers worry more and more farmers ' problems and more serious. Those, sneaky, lead to create disturbances, of crimes, but also between farmers and the working class, has formed a huge divide opposition hatred everywhere. However, our farmers ' leader Mao Zedong, at only through his theory of class struggle, Comrade Lei Feng Chen yonggui, role models and Zhao bingqing, Jiao Yulu their revolutionary spirit to constrain them. Constraints, in the purported downsizing exercise, do not let the physical and mental desires swells, song go re-comment doctrine "wishes". The results of thin cultural movement, the peasants bag of bones, and their helpless and chaotic hidden bitterness ... .... .


1975-Dec 26, Mao Zedong's last birthday. Silent Zhongnanhai, and outside the class struggle, and formed a strong contrast. In their study, Mao Zedong's met a special status, women farmers of acquaintance, Mao Zedong has been advanced, the immediate things half-hazy, but the peasant woman's cry he hear clearly. He suddenly felt that the contents of a peasant woman cry, and he heard in 1960, he reported completely shocked, silence, or confused. Out the window overlooking his sadness that he fought all his life, a life strategy, even so it goes! Ah Mao Zedong, in his heart and remembered his name, two lines quietly rolled However skilled. .


Mao Zedong's life through tears? I'm afraid that won't be too much, but the others because of his stream of tears also is a Bay in the East China Sea. From the date of the great leap forward to during the cultural revolution, how Mao Zedong's mistake is really hurting is. This streaming people, of course, or cultural intellectuals.


A careful thinking, China's intellectuals really troubled. Further aside, it Fenshukengru of Qin Shi Huang, breath on hundreds of scholars buried alive, buried like a dead dog like dead cats. The rogue of Emperor Liu Bang, has captured scholars towards pee head, also hand Hehedaxiao look just like a rogue features. Of course, this also is not much compared with the Ming and Qing dynasties of rulers, their behavior only to be a pediatrician. In this ancient civilization known to the country where civilizations like the slaughter of livestock slaughter, as the story of thousands of years of shocking. .


Barnyard records the history of the reign of Emperor on dissidents, I always felt that they control their excuses and justifications. The plan, he encouraged Ministers to offer suggestions about machine politics. See all scruples, they vowed to beaming said that I should you uncork, boldly. If your answer is wrong, I will not be criminalized. But if you just ate, alone, is it not that set trap? monarch so immense, we all win the hearts and minds and masters a poem cloud Zi. Who would think of his words in concealed vicious machine? The results did not take long, BA Liang-chi, who was Emperor Jiaqing have Heaven's, the court was no longer dares speak out of turn. Conspiracy, crime in the sun, in the sun like this mean that in a dark corner of evil, how should the ugly? As the Qing dynasty literary inquisition, even more shocking, and the rulers of the intellectuals of the sanctions, the violence enough for every Chinese, for their own national history in its shame. No freedom of speech, people can not express their feelings, what kind of culture? In fact, "anti-people's mouth, even in the anti-Chuan. Sichuan Yi will collapse."This maxim is ancient on the political life of the late Zhou dynasty, it also shows that a regime more restrictions on the freedom of the people, the more he symbolizes the end of it soon. Not in the late Qing dynasty? thanks to court a few comrades, the powers-that-before the reform, but the prominence of Hunan culture, and the dissemination of the East, the open statement. Because of this, only Sun Yat-Sen's democratic revolution, when a large number of ideas and cultural elites, have young Mao Zedong thought. In other words, Mao Zedong thought and its cause is the product of free expression. Looking through the early manuscripts of Mao Zedong, he was ruler of irony, mockery and even cursing at reading between the lines everywhere, especially his fight with Chiang Kai-shek, he openly called on people up and down. If there was a so-called "forbidden words" and "ban the party" to have Mao Zedong's today? . .


Unfortunately, Mao Zedong's adoption of the freedom of political power, but also to suppress freedom of expression. As early as he lives in Yan'an, he began on the party's brainwashed believers individually, which the speech, which must have talked to his instructions. The so-called Yan'an rectification, that is, for him to carry out nation-building and overawed the hearts of the people. No matter what they say, Mao Zedong, feelings, to absolute authority, he forgot to Wang Yang, Zeng Guofan, etc. at Dhi, master's words, not to let his people are free to speak. Marxism-Leninism in a lot of new vocabulary textbook, became his partner cap regulation, while the intellectuals dependent, so that they make compromises, Fu Shou recognition. And his authority, his altar, it is so high in the arched tears intellectuals. The results of the proletarian revolution the West, is the awakening of the wisdom of the people, clear off the so-called savior; Eastern proletarian revolution, it was the decline of rational people, beliefs, their savior. Blue Ocean Plateau civilization civilization and more abstract, is not it interesting? . .


Not long ago, the Chinese Communists seize the outcries of cultural elites, not everyone welcomes the new Government, no one should not aspire to new life. More and more people are in a peaceful and democratic society, to display their talent to the motherland. Even if their man, such as making scientific and technological personnel, also returned to the Mainland, ready to make the building of new lands in China. Indeed, the Jolly talents gathered, and the world make a hero in..


The beginning of the fifties, Mao Zedong is the focus of intellectuals fairly. Immediately to gain power, can not immediately rule, well-known old adage, Mao certainly understand. He knew who rule the country can not do without intellectuals, also stressed that the proletariat must have their own intellectuals. His rebuke from the ranks of the men said, who said not to intellectuals OK? This is wrong, how we are uneducated no intellectual line? Mao said this is targeted, it can be said that the art of checks and balances it.Enter peace, those farmers who, by virtue of the way up to high level of generals, lost their expertise and the possibility of upgrading, so there is a general feeling of being lost and complain about emotions, and in the subconscious, to reuse the intellectuals ' hostile. Of course, this is Mao did not want to see, if you allow them to continue this kind of emotional development, and finally will resent to your head. He took advantage of the special role of intellectuals, theoretically the military attache. June 1950, at the Third Plenary Session of the CPC, he was killing two birds with one stone to the syntax that those old intellectuals, as long as they support the party and government, we will build them to keep up. This sentence actually civil and military factions of the constraints, the generals have heard no alternative, the civil service were also flattered submissive hearing. To reflect the Wise King's grace, Mao Zedong personally instructed subordinates, concerned about the living conditions of the old intelligentsia. Such as: the Democrats go to the Unit of such compound at Zhongnanhai, the state, and invited his fellow painter Qi participate in the CPPCC session, so that "cultural traitor" ren engage in translation, sympathy poor painter Li Yan and so on.But a "raise", has got his arrogant attitude, expression design.


The characteristics of Chinese intellectuals are aloof pride, and easy to meet. Bile-based genetic factors, making them sentimental and do not light when others thought he was drinking bottles of ink, the above and beyond, superior. This is both inferiority and arrogance of the generals who is really is an invisible threat, which is that he can not be tolerated. Intellectual virtue, he certainly clear that without restrictions, then definitely guilty of rebellion. His students, Communist Party patriarch Ke Qingshi to the tone of a man servant assessment that intellectuals can be summarized with two words. One lazy, unwilling to make self-examination, always cocky.Second, it is cheap, three days not spank it himself. While the call is even more impressively, rude swear intellectuals, say they like the male genitals "says hard to hard. "Ironically, Gao's ass didn't shoot, later also by Mao Zedong's elasticity. Ke Qingshi intellectuals contempt and hostility, in this great farmers ' composition, political parties have significant representation and lurking a very dangerous trend, i.e. the party and Government officials are emotionally is the exclusion of the intelligentsia. Although Mao Zedong was an intellectual, but he still partial to conquer the world to help his brothers, past history has proven that they are loyal to their own. So, he has repeatedly learned intellectuals, to put down haughtily, to obey the leadership of illiterate boss. And warned that the future of intellectuals have decided to obey the command level. Like to quote the classics of Mao Zedong, have used "the skin, hair adhere to?" This ancient saying, ironically, self-righteous intellectuals. If outside noise is the point you have to be honest, no food to you eat, you will stand a chance.In this way, he has cleverly martial mutual constraints, both fish and bear paw, finally put them all to digest.


From 1951 to 1955, Mao Zedong made in literature and art to carry out critical functions of the three large-scale, known to history as the "three battles", namely: critical, "Wu Xun", criticizing the "Dream of Red Mansions research," Hu Feng critical issues more serious. It seems today, is totally unfounded acts may at the time, Mao Zedong, but enthusiastically arrange things, guard. This is his lack of emotional intelligence, or lack of intelligence, by history, left to posterity assessment. .


February 1951, Chief Editor of the Sun Yu Wuxunchuan "film in big cities such as Beijing, received widespread praise from the community. Although Mao Zedong always said, the masses have sharp eyes, Moody 's, but he published an article that the wuxunchuan advertising feudal culture eulogizing the rulers. In fact, Mao Zedong was disgusted with the praise of others in this world only themselves for world extreme, how could anyone even better than I am? "by Mao Zedong Wuxunchuan" songs in a few words: "what the public morals, the Mainland, settling the thin. Who's who in case of Kai I? poor relief I? big Wu, and Yong-yan. That aside, the eternal one begging. "It's lyrics are not guilty of bad news right? Only Mao Zedong is the eternal one ah, the beggar Sha things? Since then, criticism of the country to clarify the ideological movement, it began. Although Mao Zedong was in April as Chinese Opera Institute inscription "Hundred Flowers", but only released one, take the poisonous weeds, and they view the other flowers would be willing to actually vomit smell it? edict about previously sincere praise, "Wu Xun," who have self-criticism, playing with your mouth that confused.There, then one of the four-man, President Xia Yan people of Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong's spokesman Zhou, Secretary of the great genius Hu ... the duality of the literati, they got the best interpretation of this doomed their lifelong success, ponder, fortune and misfortune.


In view of this, Mao Zedong that can not treat lightly you how old intellectuals said to others, it put me where Mao Zedong? I am with Chen, Li Dazhao trouble with the Communist movement, when you also wear pants, how so bragging? Mao Zedong's Yan'an he thought the traditional way, it can be said that Mao Spring and Autumn Annals, which is applied successfully for rectification, with Ke Qingshi words, is to many intellectuals in the ass to play. Especially the older intellectuals, Mao Zedong, the greatest shrewdness that they also constitute a threat to themselves the most, if not removed, no end of trouble. .


It so happened. Are restrictive of Mao Zedong to consider relying on old ' FN, Shandong University, brat students Lee Greek Lanling, and hopes to the dream of Red mansions were expert Bo. They are caused by the book "art news", critical study of Yu only from abstract art, there is no class view. Mao Zedong never ceased immediately instructed the article writing team, organizational pingbo critique. That study, Bo is the class struggle in the literary field, imperialist ideology of enslavement and retro reactionary Alliance. They dare to neglect Hanlin editing, in October 1954, convened by the Chinese Writers Association more than 60 classical literature expert, held a "Dream" seminar. The beginning, the host announced the intention of Mao Zedong, the original elite want to Visible, turn the same criticism by Yu, Mao's words injustice thus started, the attention and use of the older generation of young people to suppress to prevent the so-called careerists usurp the powers of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong's strategy has become another significant feature. Li Xifan and Lan Ling, and thus be promoted, after being transferred to a newspaper art department.Example, from this, the country's young people have come to his mind, Chairman Mao called me doing, eventually became the main force of the cultural revolution Red Storm.


Ulterior motives. Criticism of the Yu Pingbo also be just the thread, Yu Xue thought what the root cause? Nature is the pioneer figure Hu a Dream. Hu is a weighty scholars have only doctorate in more than 30, learning amazing. Mao Zedong in Beijing in 1920 when the library staff do, they listened to Dr. Hu's talks. Hu great learning, great cultural style, especially his philosophy of pragmatism Dewey set for Mao affecting. The Pragmatism became his life guide to action.Now the leaders of the student, he certainly understand the subtlety of the teacher, also know the depth of Dr. Hu held attitude, since they are all practical oriented, I Mao Zedong shouldn't you hesitate anymore. Furthermore, you are fully able to understand Mr. Hu, student behavior, surpasses them. Pingbo out afterwards, Hu felt a bit surprised, not to the depths of thought, but he saw. It quickly became, in his nationwide, with great fanfare a comprehensive criticism of Hu master of philosophy, political thought, history and literary ideas, his supreme power and position, and he borrowed from Marxism-Leninism weapons and hit the crap out of Master Wu, I do not know Han Qin Ye Yeah, what evening, evening. .


Hu Shi's fall was Mao Zedong to the monkeys, which means that all the old knowledge points value has ended, but their tragic fate has started. Since no value, then rolled aside, don't say you Hu, life long, you wait and see. Shortly afterwards, urbane and laugh their Mao Zedong, shadowed Nghe editor-in-Chief Feng Xue, said that he maintained old authority, irresistible forces nouvelles. In fact, by Lee Greek where they book art timekeeping, Feng xuefeng spirit scholars of conscience, not ignored. Li Xifan their articles published in other publications, has aroused the attention of Mao Zedong master strategy, being the case, Feng Xuefeng also blame the. Although Feng Xuefeng was party newspaper editor, is editor of The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Mao Zedong and Lu Xun even though he was the "matchmaker", are forced to public review, and was labeled a rightist, expelled from the party back to her parents. Feng Xuefeng also became the victim of pragmatism, he does not know his whole purpose of Mao Zedong, is wanted by the reuse of the elite within the party know that you optimistic, and Feng Xuefeng Mao Zedong in my eyes, but the hell it is you that how to do it, it should be an idea. .


Brainwashing in Exchange project, methodical plan of Mao Zedong. "The room", should not only be political and social structure changes, should also include all the Chinese people's souls. Mao Zedong want all belong to this country, from soul to themselves, thus, anti-imperialist and anti-revisionist, prevent the usurpation of power grab those he easy-to-back pocket. When he saw Bo, Hu and Feng xuefeng their mess, he was convinced that their capability to conquer all of the people. Of course, he most wants to conquer the object that is the idea of culture. He was aware of this indisputable fact, the rise and fall of history, regime change, are the result of thought. In order to consolidate its monolithic, he will not allow intellectuals have thought, even if you have ideas, do not let you open nonsense, or tell you to steal sheep. .


The following is the Hu's turn. Hu Feng but that well-known leftist writer Lu Xun literature was one of his "National Revolutionary War literature" slogan, and his editing and authoring for the Communist Party of the cause of the war made outstanding contribution to the influence and cultivate a large number of young talented writers, such as AI, ardor, NIE Gan, and so on, creating a new era in the arts. The so-called freshmen with infinite vitality, nature daring to challenge to the old traditions. Including the LU Xun, the new generation of writers, are evil in human blood. They had contempt for almost all of the authority, the pursuit of democracy and freedom of the strong tendency of the human spirit of their work, destroy the momentum of dry pull Coincidentally, in the entire history of Chinese literature, are considered very valuable, very attractive cultural property. However, their value, with the use of one-off, depreciated value, or nothing worth.Little innocents abroad are restless minds, Mao Zedong, tolerate the Hu force treason? by then, they made a slogan or front, what would it won't let me go Mao?, Mao Zedong's well-placed to Hu Feng and its partners in critical articles and their critique of all articles verbatim, meticulous made a very good comment, at the same time to show his ' forced to act. As a result, the people of the Hu was jailed for police to arrest, subject to its being infringed by up to 78 people, Crown its name "Hu Feng reactionary clique". Feng from Xiangxiaoyuyun wronged and 25 springs and autumns, and even did not live up to the day of vindication, but a gnawing regret for life. Historians often talk that strange ah, old people and the world articles are insignificant in the eyes of Mao Zedong, why only that favored Lu Xun? In fact, is wrong, if Lu Xun lived to the New China, I bet he is the most tragic fate of the literati. Using the dead to show their state, it can be said that the logic of pragmatism deeds, for the purpose not just to choose the form of Mao Zedong is, what is the fuss about it? . .


From 1951 to 1955, Mao Zedong in the arts and the three large-scale rectification critique, though many cultural people confused, "for" Mao Zedong, what exactly to happiness, but he did understand unequivocally told people, what is called Mao Zedong. Moving from the old Republic community knowledge elites, mostly under the hair's silent scrupulous. Can't write something, you don't know what to write, people's inherent inspiration temperament, not to mention what personal dignity and value orientation. Mao was indeed the Archbishop of family culture and home world of the feudal model, with a new legal form to continue. From the New Culture Movement began, cry and struggle for decades, Chinese intellectuals Despite the slogans, led by the old culture, but did not shake the rock solid in the East ***. If the only person to blame Mao Zedong, is clearly biased words, Chinese history and culture of authoritarianism theory, I theory and the weakness of human nature, ought to be the crux of the tragedy.Why the ancients said: up to "article hate life?" familiar with Chinese history will know that the "favours" a tiger, not faithful to the Lord, even if not necessarily suffering of the tragic, but also life. Even if you are faithful to the Lord, but you can never be higher than him, or you have killed. Shang dynasty of the warring States period than dry, Qu Yuan, Tang dynasty, Song dynasty general Yue Fei Chen zi'ang and numerous loyal friends, we can say that they are blind to the family of man, but more because of their outstanding talent and persecution. Smarter, such as Zhuang Zi, Ruan by Su Shi, snowster and Banqiao of generation, is always focussed on landscapes, Fanglangxinghai go, although it seems clear, no one knows the pain of heart. Culture *** child under the school official who, no matter how clever guise you, but you can only be hidden, high aspirations Ye Hao, Xuanhujishi worth mentioning, must be concealed from the master, before Paul illustrious career in officialdom, a safe life . Tang Feng Dao like that, he served five towards the prime minister, called tumbler is a typical representative of such person, the secret no more than two: First, always smiling, and second, save the Queen wise comes up.The politician masters move inspired generations of bureaucratic disciples, that is, that there is only one person is always right, that's your masters. In addition, the duality of intellectuals, double-sided personality and the weakness of human nature, but also from an objective led to the formation of the theocratic culture. Since 1950, the vast majority do not have their own independent personality, independent thought, books today, tomorrow, I echoed those trick bandwagon. As literary theorist Zhou Yang is the most obvious example, he was helping the whole of the whole of Mao Zedong, and others, until the old sense of shame on the occasion of the death of their only mediocre. Moreover, for a handout dependent arising, but also more intellectual falsely telling lies, using the hands of the media, Mao Zedong made a lot of unrealistic praise, artificially overstating the image of Mao Zedong , deification of his charm. And even the emergence of the National District from the central to provincial, even to the neighborhood streets, there are special praise of Mao's cultural body, forming a large ode team. Such a culture, like intellectuals, like people, not what God created them? . .


If Mao Zedong in the 1940s by three military campaign, where he won the State power; then, in the three major arts after the founding of the campaign, as he entered the altars. However, altars, only the lonely, blossom Brown, j and litter, writers have long been scraping. Even missing children, also have to have his "invitation file instructions about gay talk, to find a solution to the" just dare to write. May be that this time, Soviet literature and art have begun to have changed a lot of work had been prohibited by Stalin, re-issued in various places, lose no time in looking for Zhou Yang Liu, Liu Boyu talk against the gross interference in literature and art should have freedom of speech, let everyone speak. All line of Mao Zedong to Stalin, in view of changes in Soviet literature, but also the meeting agreed, to overcome the impasse art, way of promoting variety.Zhou Enlai soon as he did, issued a few views of intellectuals, said after the founding of the people, not intellectuals have trust and conditions, and that is part of the working class the intellectuals. However, within the meaning of the intellectuals of Zhou Enlai, mainly refers to technology professionals, and does not cover art. Only I do not know the depth of Lu, Zhou, wind is rain, more than once during the meeting that you want to give authors the freedom to break and artistic dogma. They know where Mao Zedong, in essence, is the offensive two-hundred policy, party and government cadres, he said, to deputy secretary of the cadres and party members over nine out of ten do not like the principle of two-hundred, do not agree with the People's Daily Double Hundred Policy the Soviet Union also opposes. Although he was in May 1956 "On the Ten Major Relationships" said two-hundred policy is necessary, but not to Hu them to contend. He is questionable. .


At this point, has long wanted to overthrow of Mao Ze-Dong Liu Shaoqi, worry not found an excuse to start, simply let them give it. His idea of the former Soviet Union, Khrushchev was aware of, he said later in his memoirs, Mao Zedong's flowers is a blindingly obvious, it encouraged the public performance of their own intellectuals, so that he will be those that are not pure flower and threw it into the trash. USA Dulles, also had the same doubts, 1957 in June press questions, he replied in the contend Mao really is the beginning of liberalism or attractive in, we can't tell. Experts doubt, not without reason, after the fact proves, Mao's Hundred Flowers is the art of cleaning work after the three campaigns. In his view, those hidden in the depths of "bourgeois elements", "the spokesman of imperialism", who attempted to seize the but the generation of the conspirators, still need to destroy, and the best way is to let them in the Hundred Flowers Campaign in self-exposure. .


Sure enough, 1957 spring literary and passionately, reform, liulv pink. Such as: Liu of the bridges on the site, the Organization new Wang Meng to young people, the LU Wenfu alley, she and Tang in the depths of the cliff ", the theme is the bureaucratic, acupuncture and banished the ills of good works. Mao Zedong and even encourage, recommend people start essay sections, he likes to read essays, after his abdication, could be an essay writer, long-term syndication. Leaders love reading essays, is definitely a liberal masters, people's daily, the Chief Editor dengtuo immediately opening essay rubric, and personally wrote the abandoned deadhead politics. In literary theory, has also been a breakthrough than the previous, such as Liu Shaotang "My views on the current cultural problems", corresponded with this tide of "Literature is the study" the Palestinian people "on compassionate grounds", a time, intellectuals are more happy and feeling like a storm. .


From 1957 March to early April of this period, Mao Zedong in various meeting repeatedly called on everyone's needs, no matter how much you spend, despite the drop. Now also put enough, we do not, do not be afraid of Stalin, and how to avoid poisonous? in the works of demons, to let them out, why worry? do not get me wrong, let it out is not an advocate for it, I want to destroy it, destroy the way is there to make it. ....


Thus, the Hundred Flowers campaign exposed the true face. Versed in art of war of Mao Zedong, with the snake out of its hole, the plan to lure the enemy deep in preparation for all the anti-Party and anti-socialist elements caught. In mid-April the same year, the Chinese Communists under Mao Zedong's instructions, issued a "rectification campaign on the instructions," on May 15, Mao wrote, "things are changing from" The paper was issued as a confidential document within the party committees at all levels, national rectification began, art Apocalyptic world. Mao Zedong's not without fear that the recent right wing is very rampant, what support the party and the government? All is fake, remember not to believe.Both the Democratic Party, education, the arts, media, technology, business and industry. In order to consolidate his own power, Mao Zedong was anybody do not believe that maybe he believe that deliberately say not to believe, for his comprehensive wiping out the work. On the other hand, he's after the founding of a number of initiatives and campaigns to really make a lot of insight in the great disappointment, they are under pressure, verbal support certainly less. Even so, as a country leaders, should reflect on his words and deeds are being cut, how can you get people's dissatisfaction with attitude? 16 may, Mao Zedong's famous "5. 16 notice ", explicitly at all levels of party newspapers to" lure the enemy deep ", they will not fight back. He deliberately entice people published their own views, then he stuck them buzzword. Think of what he said, "the masses have sharp eyes," "all you know, without reserve. Speaker of innocence, their fates warning," like the macro theory, leaves the reader feeling funny. .


Rectification movement, Mao single-handedly and manipulation, rapidly expanded, fancy wrappings called, "the door" rectification "," call for help to correct the Communist Party of friends outside. Needless to say, this is the cream of Mao Zedong's "three major battles" strategy of continued, after he had been hit by objects, from the party and the cultural elite in the nationwide intelligentsia and management, he tried to rally the masses of customers, to understand his really implemented their own policies and their strange bedfellows.


However, another embarrassment for Mao Zedong is to help the Communist Party rectification movement, in fact, the embarrassment caused by the Communist Party, the people of the local officials of the violations, acts of corruption in local government, has caused a lot of people on the views of the Chinese Communist regime, previous Although corrupt bureaucrats Chin-San Liu and Zhang Zishan was suppressed, but not under the supervision of the institutional corruption, are still emerging, fish people. For example, a Shanghai University, because people outside the party system, there is no real power, and party Vice-President is to monopolize all powers. A vice president going out, actually put up notices saying: I go out during the course of duties by the principal caretaker.To joke. So, what corrupt dictatorship will not produce? Wuhan broke out of the first massive student *** movement, showered, Kai-day crash their unanimous protest against some local officials. Another door in the event of rectification, some of the communist cadres, listening to the complaints of the masses, shame shame. They bow to the accusers tears, "the representative of the party" to admit their mistakes. At this point, the student in Beijing and Shanghai, many people have begun to walk out of school and started an aversion to this massive *** is imminent.


The student movement was born out of Mao Zedong, the students will not be too concerned about the trouble-making, of course, he mistakenly believes that someone is behind the children. He did not think about it, because of his privileged cadres, resulting in a new corruption and contradictions, but that they lack the spirit of organization and discipline, which he found for his full rectification of the arguments. With Mao Zedong's growing hatred of intellectuals, his firm to "remove all Hairen Chong" of the faith, not let them endanger the red regime. June 1957, Mao Zedong re-repair a double hundred government policy, added the six standards, the six "help."After that, intellectuals are divided into two classes of the proletariat and propertied class, and use to re-evaluate all intellectuals. In fact, in his eyes, there is only one class of intellectuals, it should be completely clear. From 1957 June through September, hongsen held an enlarged meeting of the party, up to 27 times, is the largest national literary criticism, this recently, Ding, Chen qixia and Feng xuefeng et al., Mao Zedong to great Royal eight main object. But the so-called people's writers, wave, foam flying, Ding they cursed shit. Considerate of Zhou Enlai, while the fate of scholars sympathetic heart, but go along with all the speakers and said that without the former double hundred principle, there is no contention and lit today. Rightist not carried out well in literature and art, we must take positive action, but also thin to carry out rectification. This pressure is critical to the evil will, Zhou Enlai is actually contending with the lit, what is so baffling. .


Mao Zedong's Communist Party officials on allegiance and support contributed to Mao Zedong's wild and unruly. In early 1957, Mao Zedong's southern tour, cadres meeting, he made the offensive of the bourgeoisie rightists beat back "speech, the intellectuals scarcely value, like the old days of long-term and servant girls. And stressed that education and the arts of idealism, the worst of their ideology, class and tendencies. Mao Zedong as you speak, the aggressive tone, the contempt, and that you wish to reset the intellectuals to embarrass, really incredible. September 6, in Hubei Province prefectural party committee meeting, he said the military strategic vision, not short-term transformation of intellectual things, but long-term arduous task. That intellectual bragging, Yat Ming put up furious attack on the party, and made Tianhundian. Who is the state Gaode Tianhundian not to say, but Mao's words have clearly seen that the people he is opposed to airing the. To Oct. 13, he was on the Supreme State Conference, continue to oppose the principle of double hundred. Said a hundred flowers blossom, is put a hundred schools contend, is the Ming. Up with Ming, is the literary and academic, can not be involved in politics.The right to involve political, some large magnification. Here, he simply dictates, provided that they do not interfere with my command of Mao's regime and, how do you give. According to his theory of literature and art, literature and art for political service, to reacted in a realistic and masses of emotions, then, and now no arts interfere in politics, literature and how politics?.


That can not justify such a truth, that is the mentality of this kind of overweening, disaster, the country's intellectuals began to hit the Pro. In the spring of 1957, all literature and art have been praised Mao Zedong, who were playing for the summer right, so that they regret late. If Liu's and Wang Meng, Liu Shaotang, Deng Youmei, Liu Sha, who became an instant fall into the abyss. Soon, Quanguowenlian Association was appointed right, there is as many as 87, while in other areas of the country was labeled a rightist, as much as 300 000 people were, they were brutally tortured as an enemy.If we say that Nirvana Phoenix can be recycled in the anti-rightist purgatory, the intellectuals, but beyond redemption. Since then, no abuse of intellectuals, jumping, until he retires, poison, hanged, water, slashing, wall, no statistics.


Tragedy is twofold. Intellectuals can rely on the power lost, and lost the intellectual power. Intellectuals feel cheated, many of them not only led to negative after the sinking, the hypocrisy and servility, but also led to a crisis of national faith, culture, moral decline and collapse. As a vulnerable group of ethnic Chinese intellectuals, in addition to knowledge and enthusiasm, the rest nothing. Their nature, creativity, the ideology of Mao Zedong to consolidate political power movement, gradually wiped out, many people became him Gansha just do it without thinking of the robot.Is this the Mao Zedong's early years in pursuit of change the pattern of people mass? but one thing is certain: rectification master Mao Zedong has conquered the country's intellectuals, his mood is very pleasant. September 1957, Mao Zedong to visit China's Ambassador to the Soviet Union, since the founding of Eugene said, I do not have a happy day. Better now, and we beat back the offensive of the bourgeoisie rightists, a new weather throughout the country. "No matter what," Mao Zedong was in the mood to build his romantic poetry. Before and after this period, he risked his study with the renowned scholars in Kwong Sang of poem. Chu brought play Hangzhou, Shanghai and other scenic areas, and historians Zhou Gucheng Tangulunjin. Large Markup ancient poetry, such as Li Sao, Han, Han Yu, Fan, Jin Ping Mei and other famous Famous. The mood of the time, also handwritten chapter, gave Jiang Qing and other trusted circulation. Or, paternity Zhang Zhizhong south inspection, all the way to talk about Neo. Anti-Rightist Campaign, Mao Zedong became the only Chinese culture, readers, scholars and authors, as only he can relate. He lingered in the morning twilight, thinking, lonely heart seems to dialogue with the ancient sages, but who do not know, he muttered to say what. .


The center of the typhoon, and are often short and quiet.


National intellectual white flag of surrender, and the red flag of Mao Zedong Thought in sharp contrast, indeed, stand out of the state. For the lonely, Mao Dao Shi does not matter, because he knew Sage, not the others can match, let alone the truth is often in the hands of a few.He worries that the purge of intellectuals themselves, inevitably brings cultural fault lines and pale, if you do not have their own management culture around the world who helped, for ourselves, but less worthy on Chinese culture and the title of the Marxist-Leninist peer? then, those who are looking to own the "conspiracy", if this difficult fight against yourself, then your business for many years the family business is off. Still getting aggressive campaign of Mao Zedong, the God of Mao Zedong, with its big body and status, decided to "run qiongkou", be sure to "clarify the miles. "He's a new round of military strategy, in light, flashing. He was confident that it will be China's raging fire burn naturally. At this time of Mao Zedong, really laugh at the emperor, because he would use violence, unified China. While he himself, not only put down with violence the world, but also about the soul of all Chinese. So, he later said foreign friends, the emperor of dollars? I am also more than the emperor Qin Shi Huang. The emperor no joke, there is good to have. .


Understand the mentality of Mao Zedong, after the anti-rightist movement would understand the proletarian literature in the great leap forward, then it is boundless and deciduous leaves, 1 light bloom near Xie. Text case in the history of China, and now has reached the peak period, who dare to Peter miles wala hitter? but there is no culture of ethnic minority is ignorance of this opinion, l. ancient miserly Mao Zedong, advocate David rural roadway ballads, in his words, known as the Socialist People's songs. People who love Ah sing songs, of course, young people, young people are evil, rebel is first-rate experts. Their energy can not only promote the great leap forward, you can restrict the older generation. Inspired by Mao Zedong, after the Second Session of the Eighth Party Congress, the literary giant is still being used in Beijing to discuss the issue of the so-called literary communism, Mao Zedong and Zhou Yang literary voice is definitely something new at the time, praised the Great Leap Forward, the factory history, revolutionary history and other art forms.In September 1958, China Federation held an enlarged meeting of the Bureau to further advocate: "everyone can write poetry, everyone can draw, everybody sings," enslavement of writers Italian still less than that demanded a "a County, a Mei Guo Moruo," it now seems that is not to laugh? at that time, the hitter's home Qin zhaoyang, wrote an article on socialist realism, think of the great leap forward-folk songs, does not reflect the reality of socialism. Mao Zedong said, it's true you can't write poetry, rather than revolutionary romanticism, there would be no economic leap forward. Qin writer for publishing this article, was eventually kicked right the ranks of guilt for life, because fear Mao writers involved in the real reality. Perhaps it is greed, self-righteous, Mao Zedong, actually in the May 1960 national conference three text on behalf of the collected folk songs in the solution is to send each of the three sheets of paper, write your songs. Really could not write, then find someone else to write.In order to pursue the common empty compliment, Mao Zedong in this specification's Conference say such things, it is a bit poor attitude? but in response to the call of the leader of the fashion, the literary world greats and party committees, to collect folk songs as a great thing to do, no one dares to neglect. As a result, not only the so-called "me", "Wang and Li Xiang Xiang of formalism, even unanimously of the red flag of Mao Zedong's ballad", also criticized it too much moisture, no poetic at all, young and old folk songs have ever read. Although Mao Zedong, for some needs, Kejia said, "Poetry should of course be mainly poetry," but he has hated them bones, and a friend said, no matter what poetry, for his 200 Ocean do not bother looking. In fact, Mao Zedong, while vigorously promoting folk poetry, but revel in his poetry among the Chu and Han, Shi taste delight of the doctor's life. When the "Red Flag" and other revolutionary masterpiece, was the time when the paper turned a blind eye, Mao had to admit, he's the folk music movement, his failed socialist literature and art.As for why he may have failed to seriously ponder, for the absolute authority of him speaking, but is better.


This, a little literary training of Zhou Enlai, in May 1965 at the National Congress of Literary and finally could not help but point out that the Great Leap Forward leftist literary Xianghua too, should adhere to walking on two legs. But Mao's face without any expression, therefore, the general provincial propaganda department not to convey the spirit of weeks. Not his intention, who would free hand ah. Sure enough, shortly thereafter the Lushan meeting, Mao anti-revisionist, anti-human nature, against humanity and art thought of as a future theme of socialist literature and art.Needless to say, this topic is still maintained to theme of Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai's discontent, but ultimately lead to Mao Zedong did not want to let him after the death of Zhou Enlai's helm. July 1960, the national culture and majestic, yes-man Zhou Yang on behalf of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong, confirmed and maintenance of 1958 to literary inclinations, as the great leap forward of literary and artistic works on power. Mao Zedong's words, tone and Chou en-Lai said, to completely break the minority on the art of monopoly, but forgot, in literature and art on the person exactly what Mao himself. The face of such arrogant Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai in June 1961 of the literary forum, generous attempts right and proper that the political place of culture, no culture has become, what spectacle? February 1962, Zhou Enlai, meeting in Beijing, said the playwright, literary work, shortcomings and errors, the error is derived from the general line work. And repeatedly stressed that the majority of intellectuals, intellectuals, the working people. At that time, the central ideology of the people in charge Lu Dingyi, in order to curry favor with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, he does not agree with the view. He will report to the post-Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong once again remained silent before.At this time of Mao Zedong, very aware of their own cultural policies and economic policies have been on the brink of failure, and Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and they were great market. If they are not uniform, as soon as possible, there will be a sideway. Mao Zedong's silence, on the eve of a volcanic eruption, the early cult of Mao Zedong Sundasheng, in brewing can plan and comparable with the Golden Monkey havoc in heaven, he wanted to become a world of extreme. His early experience of blue ocean, and now they have lost civilization.


August 1962, dare dare think of Mao Zedong, the central work in the Beidaihe meeting presided over, first time introduced the concept of class struggle literary topic. September, Mao Zedong 10 Plenary Session of the Eighth, but also the first time to every year, every class struggle, month, to be "class struggle." And instructed Kang Sheng order critical novel, "Liu Chih-tan," a book, it is a reflection of class struggle in the literary and art circles, suggested that "use of novel anti-Party is a great invention," the well-known theory. He played that counter-revolution to overthrow our government, there was always first create the public opinion, so art is a barometer of politics.In fact, as early as October 1960, Mao Zedong in Hangzhou liuzhuang villa on the Soviet economy issues, just consider how fundamentally control politics in China. To accompany him reading scholar Chen Boda ilk, to remind the Mao Zedong, Zhou column guozhi book describes the history so that we can draw on. This is a young student of Mao Zedong's books, he read the, there is the story of the struggle at home and abroad, especially in many of the top stories covered political opponents. Quick thinking of Mao Zedong, immediately think of a series of dynamic abroad, such as: double hundred against his Soviet policy, mocking his Great Leap Forward and the communes, in the Sino-Indian border conflict in the declaration of independence, the ideological debate with him , unilaterally tore up the new defense technology agreement, Khrushchev visited the United States and so on. Mao Zedong believed that Dulles peaceful evolution strategy is global, and if this influence spread to the mainland, would not have to replace my second Khrushchev, Mao Zedong? Prevention of "peaceful evolution", anti-imperialist revisionism, to the concept of class struggle, already formed in the mind of Mao Zedong.Precisely, these concepts can be found in the textbooks of the Marxist-Leninist theory, and the Chinese Communist Party, Marxism-Leninism was they had to serve as a model for the extreme. The concept of class struggle in order to let the hearts of the people, Mao Zedong poems of the past few years, more and anti-revisionist anti-imperialist. For example, the November 1961 and Guo Moruo, cheers "today, only the margin of the demon sundasheng fog once more." At the same time, Mao indicates major newspapers, a number of published articles, and exorcise demons over a certain period, a lot of variety of newspapers and periodicals. Other ghosts, and perhaps justify, Mao Zedong that "the amount of atmospheric universe of people," great philosopher, great military strategist, and politician, the great poet of ghosts, is baffling. .


Since 1962, Mao Zedong in the hands of "class struggle" sword, severed, skelter, invincible. Taking class struggle as the key link in the principle, moral model of Lei Feng came, carried out the socialist education movement in the national, kings and princes and Romances were off the stage, the modern Peking Opera, "Modern Peking Opera" and the music and dance epic "East Red "speech over the river north and south, those in power taking the capitalist road of the revolution was as a key target, the hero Chen Yonggui Dazhai promotion to central officials, the writings of Mao Zedong surging wave of momentum ... ..., all of this, actually just for a primitive purpose, that establish the absolute authority of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong down all competitors, so that people who never the capital of capital, so that people who want to be Mao Zedong revised thoroughly transform。 In fact, this is the result of Mao Zedong thought and logic, it is his nature with the inevitable end. From the beginning of the founding of the people in 1965, his resentment, intellectuals of his antipathy, VIP party on his hypocrisy, has let him into an unprecedented loneliness and pain. Arrogate caused by acute social contradictions, have led to the political crisis in China, Mao Zedong, the solution is only one, that is, to confusion and chaos, chaos, to achieve. "Four Pan Tengyun water raging, wind and thunder roaring Continental shock", after Mao Zedong's Long March exercise, re-wear a grass green military uniform, to his millions of bold warriors, and hundreds of millions of subjects Patent order to start a new long march. He wants to search through the steep peak unlimited scenery? Havoc in Heaven, or want to learn the Golden Monkey, this world completely broken, then re-create, to realize his Chuishou Datong and rule of ancient dream? Domination of paranoia generated by the fear caused by imagination, without the reins of the Ma Mao Zedong, in the absence of any constraints of the Kingdom, the wanton bolted, behind him is a tired nation has been completely tamed. .


Unprecedented cultural revolution, and finally in Mao Zedong's horn, the helmsman in sail once again put his national introduces endless misery. Blood and groan, good shiver with evil ugly together the Red Nirvana, suddenly. We have no courage to repeat that shocked the world human tragedy, when the era of spring to the ruins of gunpowder, Mao left a bunch of mystery, but still looming, floating in the sky in the new century. If we can decipher these mysteries, perhaps we can more clearly see his true and full of life environment, and his embarrassment and confusion, his gains and losses and troubles, will allow future generations Kuiranchangtan and suddenly sentiment. .


Historians generally believed that the tragedy of the cultural revolution of the "gang of Mao Zedong to manipulate and use. This view is one-sided, and historical facts to defeat, and it is irresponsible.


Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, no accident, as noted above, influenced by traditional Chinese culture, so that his saints as role models to the world their own. This constitutes an exclusive and absolute confidence in him, when the concept of democracy and freedom of thought with his impetuous king of conflict, his absolute authority, thus bringing the absolute destruction. Can be said that the anti-rightist is a prelude to the Cultural Revolution, and the sublimation of the Cultural Revolution is anti-rightist movement. .


In 1964, the so-called socialist education movement, their social background is quite complex. First is the failure of Mao Zedong's general line, so that, if the people. This was followed by disillusionment of Stalin and Central pain of senators, indicative of the RNI of Mao Zedong. In order to continue on from the ideas, people, people of control in Mao Zedong's command, he only has to use his trick, this is education, but his education was actually a synonym for rectification. In that time, the country's intellectuals have been surrendered to him unconditionally, no one then do not say half a word, and clear the Communist Party patriarch, the formation of pressure on him, Mao Zedong became the final task. .


Chinese Communist party veteran Group is a complex combinations, to Peng Dehuai, represented by the farmers in the field marshal faction, as represented by the literati Liu Shaoqi, leader of the faction. In Mao Zedong's opinion, not much culture level of farmers in the field marshal are easier to deal with, feel free to use several fresh Marxist-Leninist Word, you can let them Volt first. Most let Mao Zedong's headache is the ideology of the civil service. In particular, Liu Shaoqi, not least since the founding of Mao Zedong on the spot, if not his own murder, it is difficult to secure a position of power. But not so easy to deal with Liu Shaoqi, Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi know hearts of the people in the party and enjoy high prestige, and where better than their own. Thus, mobilizing the masses overthrow Liu Shaoqi, Mao Zedong became the best choice. He used the phenomenon of the Soviet defeat, taking advantage of people afraid to eat two times the psychological suffering, as Liu Shaoqi carefully chipped, and not enough to make him turn over the offense forever hat, this is "Chinese Khrushchev", "go capitalist roaders. " .


In 1964, social movements, honest work kind of Liu Shaoqi and personally commanded the struggle against capitalist establishment, limited to Mao Zedong's dominant political management mode, it goes without saying that the outcome of the struggle against the gains zhimaguan. Masters of Mao Zedong to the rectification of "protecting a handful to defeat a large", began to protest, but Liu Shaoqi also kept in the dark. Exactly at this point, and Mao Zedong's have the same mentality of Lin Biao and Mao Zedong's support for his gratitude brought the Luo Ruiqing, throw the literary and artistic work of six principles that he "has no off-" slogan to please today's masters. Lin Biao's slogan became the prelude to his like-minded with Mao Zedong, has become the sins of his wealth and status, and Overture. Madame Mao Jiang Qing, the Chinese Communist regime took over in order to achieve the purpose of the future, but also to "Xing-free off capital" as a guide, started to clear the remaining 30's art and literary culture that is still close to senior cadres of Mao Zedong, like the tree in the cultural field from their performance and image. Her "revolutionary opera" this onto the stage, loud and clear in the high-pitched singing, the remaining cultural elites are dead, and even the heart of Mao Zedong to Zhou Yang a thought theorist, are not being spared, he also tasted unjustly aggrieved indignation. .


Mao Zedong and the main idea with Lin Biao, Jiang Qing was used against the Chinese Communists. When the victim of general Peng Dehuai aroused discontent after the party cadres, if there is no military support, is unlikely. He has worked for Chiang said that Stalin had just died, Khrushchev's corpse, we have prepared the Khrushchev, I put a broken, let alone allowing you? they will make trouble, now the revolution. In Mao Zedong's compliance, Jiang Qing Yao wenyuan, politicians took advantage of a critique of the Hai Guan articles. Mao also with Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, Chen Boda, Zhang, Yao Wen-yuan on many occasions, confidential briefings critical "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office," the author of Wu Han, told them, "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" is the product of right-wing to reverse the verdict, some people want to overturn Peng. If you turn that calculated, would be tantamount to denying the three red flags, they will let Khrushchev came to power. You have lots of ventilation to each other and not screwing up so badly.As a result, the critical article open Yao wenyuan, national intellectuals are the comments, and criticism of the opposition, Hai Guan, first mayor of Beijing, Peng Zhen, in his own powers, the withholding of the Beijing newspaper article from Yao wenyuan, which angered the Mao Zedong and Peng Zhen Jiang Qing, accused of engaging an independent Kingdom, should not put my lack of Mao Zedong. He reigns sarcasm, I do not believe, Beijing became their world, he wants to get his own Kingdom, we compete. Mao ordered the national newspapers and reproduced the article, and Yao wenyuan praised Yao wenyuan have Lu Xun's strength of character, he is better really musical child, to the left. Yao is also the face that you are the main force of the Cultural Revolution, I want to hear your opinion. When Peng Zhen door to discussing the time of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong said that to protect our historian, Jiang Qing's views represent her own. Meanwhile, his home has become a "wife of a coward afraid of Gauss," he said encouraged Jiang Qing, Lin Biao, Peng Zhen agree with your opinion on, you have so much in common. Bent on taking over the regime of Jiang Qing in the future, take the hint that the ideological struggle, if there is no guarantee of the gun, it is difficult to succeed. Madame Mao appreciate the vision, and even a piece of his mind went.Thus, the mutual utilization has reached the perfect level. Madame Mao took advantage and the powers of a common group of desire, for his opposition to consolidate power, a powerful military and political group, Jiang Qing and others the using of Mao Zedong's absolute authority, for the purpose of your life, and the ultimate winner in Mao seems to only be him and his wife. The so-called "gang of four", essentially not only four people in the whole of the cultural revolution, on the highest command of the organs, including Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing, Kosei, Chen Boda, Zhang chunqiao, Wang hongwen, Wang Li, Guan, Xie Fu, Qi Bin Yu, and so on. But, strictly speaking, control the Cultural Revolution movement, the real work, the final say the number of just two people, this is the Mao Zedong and his wife. .


With the support of Lin Biao and Mao Zedong and she no longer has any compunction, everything goes according to his will, carry forward the further development. At the eighth session of the Communist Party, Mao Zedong was finally bazhongquanhui only Peng Dehuai, took his anger, the Defense Minister's throne gave Lin Biao. This means that to Peng Dehuai-led military attache to gain from this become Mao sent time, and will perish. At the same time, Wu's lost the perpetrator, to a large number of party members, such as the historiographers dengtuo, Liao Mosha, culture, and from then on no market. "Xing No eliminate capital" of the result is the rapid development of model operas Ms. Jiang, the Chinese revolutionary pride waves. The main task of the CPC art is trusted by Mao Ke Qingshi the program work for thirteen years since the founding of applaud. The Mao Zedong Italy gone too far enough, in his arrangement, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao has brewed a "seminar on the military art" in the summary, the Lin Biao and Mao Zedong Thought, presented to the commander of all, Mao Zedong's instructions is the highest instruction the highest for the implementation of Mao's instructions, ordered by the slogan under the sea of fire have to do so.This Liu Shaoqi, Peng Zhen, a civilian who is a clear implication, Mao is the absolute truth, the deadline is approaching, you just wait and see. When Liu Shaoqi busy helping out during the cultural revolution, Mao Zedong, political campaigns, Peng Zhen, seized the students right and made to be broken when she was covert laugh, she laughed and Liu Shaoqi, do not understand the revolution he. May 1966, at an enlarged meeting of the CPC Political Bureau, Peng Zhen was an attack on Lin Biao and yelled, and you are trying to introduce Peng dream coup, like murder, you think I do not know? Secretary of Defense and the crowd face the wrath of criticism, Peng Zhen nice low almost dazzled his head, ending his historic mission. Bing your rapidly, Lin Biao Wu Faxian instructed to write another expose Liu Shaoqi, Liu Shaoqi into the judgment seat, and soon sent troops crushed the rebellion in Wuhan millions of bold warriors, also proposed defend to the death of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's call ... ... the extraordinary skill, as much as his old command Pingxingguan war, Mao Zedong saw this hi heart.He knew that the use of Lin Biao can break the political opponents of the skull and its network and, more importantly, Lin Biao presence, creating a false impression that the whole Communist elder people, the people's army of Lin Biao, rather he Mao Zedong. When the Communist Party of the senators present fall, Mao Zedong thought to launch attack Liu Shaoqi when the time came, he drafted the proletarian cultural revolution's decision ", immediately and in Dalian-hour on-call to Lin Biao he hurried back to Beijing. Mao Zedong said: you back to Beijing, I'm shooting dead water bombing the TAM. Lin Biao back saying, OK, you're shooting, I shot. Proud of the laughter, the phone ends merged into a powerful resonance. No wonder the recognition of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing said that Vice Chairman Lin support of the Cultural Revolution have the guarantee of victory. Lin also curries favor with that gun of course, to protect your pen. Lin Biao, of course know that military power actually rests in the hands of Mao Zedong, the party commands the gun principle, since the 60's, the daily work of the Central Military Commission must report to him. Where the appointment and removal of officers, political and ideological work rules, are Mao Zedong's final say. In order to achieve his last great power, Mao Zedong and Lin Biao had touted his wife.But he was very conscious of its own but it is in the hands of Mao Zedong's piece, so many people all fear I am afraid dashuai, life of a person, this is Mao Zedong. Mrs Jiang, let him understand his Supreme Commander's dream, will certainly to be nankeyimeng. Thus he deal with Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing he always appeared seemingly, restless, he excuse to rest and recuperate, cautious, not let Mao Zedong and his State of mind; on the other hand it has secretly expanded their sphere of influence, and sees his wife Jiang which imagines. Lin Biao's words and attitude, of course, escape the eye of Mao Zedong, Lin Biao's role in order to fully utilize the potential of the CPC in April 1969 at nine, calm atmosphere of Mao Zedong, Lin Biao, deputy commander of Imperial, the only successor, and included in the nine new constitution. For gratitude, Lin turned to Mao's rivals to launch a more violent siege, with the downfall of Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai and others, are also included in the combat ranks.While at the same time, Lin Biao and symbolism of infighting, and he's arrogant, smug, said his "national ideological and revolutionary is the first Vice Chairman of the forest", led by Mao Zedong in advance on the Lin Biao. Mao Zedong to not accept the "genius" is called by using Yao wenyuan criticism of Lin Biao Zhang chunqiao, wrong thinking, and accused him of unauthorized publication "Lin, Vice President of a command of the army entered the" mobilization readiness, cocky. This is also a very good, just like the Emperor Zhao Kuangyin "generals", Mao Zedong's few words, let the Lin Biao. With nine during the proposed set of President of Lin Biao was Mao Zedong against, Lin Biao understand that the end he drew on. Lin would like to take special action when signs were detected after Mao Zedong, Lin Biao flight becomes the only way out. We can say that Lin Biao throughout the tools and victims of Mao Zedong, but history shows that the causal logic, Lin Biao's flight is on Mao Zedong is a fatal blow. Although the surface blow of defeat at the hands of Mao Zedong, but his open revolt, but led to the end of an era.It is no wonder that Zhou Enlai in the know this crying, Tao afterwards, he is not a deploring the Lin Biao, but he's crying, it can be said that an era's funeral. Lin Biao had to HKSAR, his opponent was too strong. In fact, there are a lot of Lin Biao lamented? when Liu Shao-Qi beaten inside the greatest capitalist, Mao Zedong, but with a kind smile, the mechanical materialism, incremented to Liu Shaoqi, who told him to take a good look at their own wrong. Mao Zedong, reminiscent of the Musketeers in sophisticated opponent after beaming to the opponent to appreciate their own swords. In the Communist powers region, who are not afraid of great teachers?.


Kang Sheng, Mao Zedong and Jiang Qing's matchmaker, who is known as "revolutionaries experts," said the Central Cultural Revolution Group consultant, he helped overthrow Mao Zedong, the number of righteous people, now uncounted. Chen Boda, Zhang, Small Group, and Wang, Yao and his ilk, but also the number of selfish for the family on Mao Zedong did, it is an astronomical figure. They invariably use the tools of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, have been another constraint, which shattered after each break. The Cultural Revolution Group and all the party people know the real movement is strong Jiang Qing.From criticism of the Hai Guan, ferret, to overthrow Liu and occupying, Shanghai and seize the storm, ultimately defeated Lin Biao, who want to get in the cultural revolution, is Mrs. Jiang. Jiang Qing, almost all people hate being, but all of them. February 1967, Tan Zhen Lin, Chen Yi, Ye Jianying, Xu xiangqian, Communist elder havoc Cathedral, open and Wai Yan Jiang Qing, condemned the cultural revolution was the KMT done, said Jiang Qing Wu Zetian is contemporary. Not only does not admit of Mao Zedong, angrily said that the Church to make the cultural revolution huairen is against me, and wanted the absolute denial of the cultural revolution. They have to go to the trouble, is that failure of the Cultural Revolution, Lin Biao, on my back rebel Jinggangshan. Jiang Qing is the Empress Wu said it is raising Jiang Qing, and unfortunately did not Empress Wu Jiang that the two erupted. Use the words of Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing was Mao turn iron into steel, overtly or covertly, training her to be a few. Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong, ultimately, is appreciated, and that she was talented, courageous, though not explicit in her succession, but the actual behavior of all the people that can take over only the Jiang Qing. Since Lin Biao, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping are not eligible to affairs of state in charge, then, in addition to Ms. Jiang has also whom? This is self-evident.The Mao Zedong's awkward, she feels, the growing world of mind, seriously affecting the Mao Zedong's reputation and planning. At that time, both inside and outside the Party agreed that Mao's wife powers higher than all but Mao did not want to fall to condone wife he's reputation, so in many public places, there is more to Jiang Qing. At the same time, when it was not satisfied with the Mao Zedong's practices and accused Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong often excused, not representative Zedong says Jiang Qing. Only when the couple get along, when Mao Zedong with his wife to talk about the historical allusions, with Jiang Qing, the ancient strategy inspired by the hope that she go to success. Even so, Jiang continues to prevail, what people do not indifference, and in particular the convening of nine, she even said in public, some people call me Empress Wu, thank you opposeth and exalteth. But I let them know that Empress Wu was not my goal, I want more than a hundred times Empress Wu. She said this tone, and Mao Zedong said that they are better than Emperor Qin Shi Huang is also a kind, or privileges of this malignancy is assaulted by the same, showing that the Maoist covert support for Iraq.In order to prevent her accomplice Zhang chunqiao, Chen Boda and struggle for power, Yao wenyuan they equally to Mao Ze-Dong Jiang Qing and the spleen to suppress them, Zhang chunqiao hate her hated and not say, Chen Boda several times is going to be her forced to commit suicide, they had to come on Yao wenyuan who call out of desperation. When Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping's older and Lin Biao was Mao Zedong settle, she has been using Chen Boda manipulated the 5. .16 organizations trying to beat the final eradication of Zhou Enlai, the opponent. While under the pressure of Mao Zedong Zhou Enlai, and Liu and Deng line draw the line, although he and Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong before the Cited Well Well, while outside the storm worries within the Chinese Communist regime, people need to maintain such comprehensive Zhou situation; but in the eyes of Mao Zedong Zhou Enlai, only "eight masons", is a peacemaker, he has opinions but is good at covering up the profound gentleman. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, of course, do not want to take over political power, not let him down he was only out of consideration to reconcile contradictions.When she had, she said that Mao Zedong lessons you can learn half of Zhou Enlai, change, and then you don't offend people everywhere, I will also operate on you, don't blame me sing "farewell to my Concubine". He also gave her inspiration she said that the Central Government for Premier, your hand for too long is not good, you know? you so do not unite people, I died later you do? from Mao Zedong these words, it is not difficult to make people feel that the hair on his back and deplores feelings. He had unconsciously feel that she will eventually man, if you have the right to give her, she will become the target of public criticism, Hospice. If the left points to the surviving Communist Party patriarch, then their actions will meet with their liquidation and no. Before his death, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai insisted against Deng Xiaoping's successor, still in the country for weeks and carry out Deng's "counter rightist overturn the Wind" campaign. Said: "What the three directives as the key link? Class struggle is the key link, the rest are at the end!" Mao's paranoid and dictatorial, and finally blew up in April 1976 Tiananmen revolt, many people reach 500,000. Although he ordered put down the outrage, but he was a scapegoat for the Gang of Four wrecking trend of the times, and his fame has eclipsed this point.In desperation, Mao's selected Hua Guofeng this blind man, according to his mind, he might think that one good turn deserves another, Hua Guofeng for Thanksgiving, and no culture and subtlety, and its result will listen to her schedule. Whether it is done properly, even if he has a lot to his dilemma, he simply survive. With his avocation of Chiang, with his eye on Red Mountain and the extreme right of deeply attached to a no longer have the class struggle and revisionism of the world.


Master the strategy of Mao Zedong, to a lifetime of effort, and completed the amazing feat of creation and destruction. He did a brief to the Chinese people brought joy and hope, but he ultimately did not go beyond the constraints of traditional culture, but also not exceed the limitations of human weakness, but a new king in his culture, and deny their pursuit of the early years, to live up to the support his comrades and the people. He directed the scenes while lip historical farce, so that people do not understand politics, indulging in politics and allows people who do not understand politics and political life. NPC to talk about culture, not culture, Er Shi educated people become deaf mute.At the same time, he developed a dominate the rule of law, ignoring the democratic and human rights culture and official standard culture, if you don't know this culture, society, you no longer have the common values, they will become lies and hypocrisy, greed and corruption. And so-called democracy, also will become a minority population in the foam within the words and the window, false, and null. That is crazy and narrow-minded nationalism, do not speak any justification for violence, mercenary national mentality and only lead independent culture. Utah is terrible, after years of brainwashing, many Chinese people have never regains his soul, everyone has a sense of original sin, all consider themselves born guilty, in order to survive always accept criticism and criticism of others, and everyone political slogans about the wisdom and creativity of the nation also will be dispirited. .


It can be said that this down with countless boxing masters elite, the final defeat of his own.

【Lessons of success or failure of anti-government forces in the G 1】 G Lun Heng D anti-government forces to seize power production road Reflection Series Introduction:. .


Century, certainly not but try 20 century Chinese G d opposition on the most sensitive to one of the Chinese people, but also to the G in opposition with the greatest potential hazard from the grand illusion is one of the Chinese people. It's not just because back in China before the birth of G-D,-sattva also unknown, try to start producing social ZY, G ZY, but also because a majority of Chinese military and political contemporaries smell, try the traditional national culture on zhuxia new era of Chinese society in such a situation and problem solving is more for the heart.


【Lessons of success or failure of anti-government forces in the G 1】 income Lun Heng Yan's China trade in the occasion of the presentation on behalf of, some of Yan's opinion is in the insurgency that is formed before the war. Qualified readers, can be combined with handed down Yan's other works read in conjunction with income and efficiency. .


Impressions of the white paper on the United States — in the Standing Committee of the Union against aggression of speech (August 10, 1949, the Republic of China).


Yen Hsi-shan. .


U.s. China policy white paper * 1, is the United States has diplomatic relations with China has now, especially in the last five years, the total of Sino-US relations. China criticized a lot, on mystery of evolution Jardat also euphemistic top N-Yi Hui embedded Park paddle XING Zhuo Zheng な disaster relief SI cave loop over industry-Flex-liang and frightens the SC win line-stop aphid private hut Soviet aggression against China, li, no longer subject to spoofing, cited for relief on the criticisms of the Chinese Government's mistakes and not enough, "reviews" to associate AIA of Yin Wang!.


White Paper, the United States has repeatedly referred to the work of the aid to China is invalid, said sorry. This is a moral in terms of aid, so I do not want to be in aid effectiveness, on rebuttal, only willing to sincerely acknowledge the error has passed. However, the error caused by the reasons, we and our allies with different views; friends to see us the wrong reasons, no more than that is corruption, corruption, low energy, and we will be humble, honest, and according to by this criticism. However, we should note that the 1911 Revolution and the Northern Expedition led by the National D, is the National D-led war.The former we overthrew the thousands of years of authoritarian and feudal warlords; the latter, with the support of our individual war six years, has consumed the majority of forces in Japan, to the allies to ready prepared; and yet keeping Southwest, Northwest's vast land. On the start of the war the army G, but some people, but the war was finished, and the number of numbered but attacking China's tenth Japanese weapons--soil gun tupao nor far and Japanese. Why we cannot resist not anti-G? I would like to give the following explanation:.


First, the United States as part of mistaken identity in each G is a "political D", does not recognize the G is a "disorder D". D is to take voting by government to power, based on public opinion; disorder D is to take violent seizure of power, is a defeat for the bet on. Consequent production G D D surface shape to take on the political engagement with the world, deep down in China to implement the policy of arbitrary D, the violent seizure of power. Combined with G producing the world revolution, D D, the publicity has the absolute advantage.Almost all countries in the world are G d, villages are d G d, Congress has G d, cities are G d publicity spots and newspaper and magazine. G-D's propaganda, not a message, it is critical that the conspiracy, and inflammatory. And that is not entirely in newspapers, magazines, but rather focus on letters and oral transmission, and on the ground floor; it is more powerful officials report a report directly into the heart of a country's Government, has had thousands of newspapers and magazines. G D can be produced propaganda advantages not only for China, other countries in the world is also an advantage. D because the other countries are domestic D, countries with different interests, a country's promotion, he may not respond to the country; G is an international production D D, D producing countries claim the same G, G with interest, a State G products D propaganda, the world D G products are multi-faceted response. And is a conspiracy, incitement, propaganda and revolutionary way, just to deceive the world, do not choose means of light and shade. Also in addition to the general thinking of the world's left-leaning, strikes expand, schools, factories fueled propaganda in G, so he could fully diffuse into the true false。 In particular, China in the world of advertising effectiveness, and G in China's propaganda more advantages, more easy to deceive * 2. So deceptive publicity in G: the first phase, so that part of the world recognition in G-land improvement and ZY, fuzzy, relax in the G's development in China. The second stage, making the world more believe in G and the Soviet Union did not occur, but efforts in China's internal improvement, thus bringing the world to know G again, relax on the lookout in G; at the same time has been reduced by the Chinese Government's anti-G's concerns. The third stage, some people believe the world may become Tito Mao Zedong, but do not know is the secret to confuse G, deliberately misleading, or world peace by Chi Wang a hope, but so blurred understanding of the world once , let the world in a period of G against another. More than three times the deduction, you can say just slacking off on China's anti-G, but also shaken the morale of China, China's people depressed air, gradually changed from the weariness and anti-war, anti-war and become the owners. - This is our first Chinese Government to the defeat of reason. .


Second, we are the industry behind, subject to national economic aggression, the world has "colony", the industry developed his unemployment social panic disorders, move to the US time colonial countries because workers are economic aggression, workers ' remuneration and one-tenth of the aggressor State Labor compensation. Because of the way down two evil will not be able to curb: one is the heart of the injustices, the thought of anguish and, therefore, left-leaning ideology; one is a worker living in difficult circumstances, led to strikes. So both lines for the purpose of destroying the reality, so our government to curb the evil of these two reasons, had to take to the water stop-gap approach, Ji map disinfection of their potential, to maintain social order, they form a contrarian; and G D but to fuel production methods, encourage the flame, stirring ideological struggle, to expand the strike wave reached its objective of overthrowing the reality, thus causing G D homeopathic products. 1 along a reverse, the difficulty is self-evident. - This is our second Chinese Government to the defeat of reason. .


Third, China is an agricultural country, more than two thousand years ago, had been made, the land of mine are returned with the right to belong to the people, farming, who raised a family of eight. From private land, the tenancy gunong meets the harvest also pet family, landlords and the unearned, enjoy. This is the heart of uneven, authoritarian era people ride in a democratic age need people's participation in politics, vote, and the people that made this injustice. US Government to solve the problem of land, is based on information bought the land, and rents. Land bought by a fashion difficult to achieve, 25 rent reduction, but the ease of exploitation, can not do to exploit; and G D production called "follow me to the kind of tenant farm laborers of all the land is one single tenant," two thousand years, tenant farm laborers the pain, G D production and distribution can be confiscated two perverse and violent means to solve in one fell swoop and. However, the practice of such forfeiture, are easy to create chaos for the government is difficult, so the government comfort law-abiding tenant farm laborers, such as the wind against the current; G D productivity create disorder called tenant farm laborers, such as the water flows downwind. How difficult it is easy? Not wait for discernment. - This is our third Chinese Government to the defeat of reason. .


Fourth, we are a national, full protection of the population; D G is in chaos, try clearing the people. G do not need people in housing need people and he made with the G. He took that is the truth, he needs something, of course, he'll do whatever. He needs money to the rich, landlords, and do what he made of funds; he will need to do someone else lives of the poor in the naval battle of tools. So his money to the rich, the landlord, the number of confiscated; confiscation, and given to the poor, to appreciate. More on the top to ruthless fashion, killing the rich, the landlord to terror, fear of the poor. Rich, although landlords hate G D production times; poor grateful to fear G D G production capacity D is a hundred times. Unsolicited Chinese history did not make a mess not Shafujipin; G D this Shafujipin production method of producing D to G who hate all killed, gratitude and fear G D G production capacity of people to leave for D He asked to die. We are States, can not produce G D of this, the rich hate the times; of course they can not appreciate the poor times, afraid of a hundred times. So grateful for the poor D G products given to his land, housing, better than grateful for the State to protect him and help him find work, make him live in peace; afraid G D production in the massacre, but also better than the fear of state law.Certainly not the most poor people are grateful, but G-D G d leadership for control of the poor, but they have to be so grateful G d, G-D willing. 这些人有多少？按G产D占领区之人口约有两万万，在G产D占领区，有的省份平均四人一户，有的省份平均五人一户；即以平均五人一户，两万万人也应平均四千万户；按G产D规定的第一期先清算百分之卅，四千万户中，即要清算一千二百万户；以此被清算的一千二百万户的财产，收买一千二百万穷人，且这些穷人都是选的有控制能力的豪霸；按华北华中十八岁至四十七岁之兵役年龄壮丁，占总人口的四分之一强，两万万人中兵役年龄壮丁即应有五千万人；G产D以收买了的一千二百万人，一人控制三人，即可把五千万壮丁全控制了；控制了五千万壮丁之後，其余都是老弱妇孺，也等於把两万万人全控制了。 It was grateful to the people of the G-D is one of the few, the control after it is equal to the majority. This is the Super G in history, made out of the world beyond. — For we the Chinese Government by reason of the fourth.


Fifth, we must abide by the laws of the government, such as requisitions, recruitment, taxation must be passed by the Legislative Yuan; deal with people of all criminal matters, must be based on the laws 【Note 3】; G D production is intended to overthrow the existing one regime, the destruction of modern society, the law does not matter. Therefore, D G produced the property is forfeited to the people, the production is to win things, food is to impose two-thirds of the people stopped long bamboo Huan Huang Yi Qin Page hire Nightmare cut   threatened species  Hu  shortage of pure Tui patellar thickening disaster guides R Luan Pu Yi Mou  owed an apology cable industry flounder Hu Chu D made a mess fiscal capacity is 10 and 100.So people in the army, we must act and compulsory implementation; and G d you get red of terror, the discouragement of early, it is not enforced, the soldier is killed on their family, the result is a parent to his son, his wife persuaded her husband, brother told his brother, quickly, and forces said: "go, anyway, would die in battle, and don't come back." Dead on the battlefield is a person dead, back then the whole family. It can be said that the G d is the property of the people, for the financial lives of the people, not taking into account the severest without money, do not worry no soldiers; and the introduction of the so-called people sea battle, to human flesh for guns. Therefore, in operations on, G D products such as downhill driving, I like the uphill road, the same load, the ease of a world of difference. - This is our Chinese Government to the defeat the fifth reason. .


Sixth, China five thousand years of dictatorship, near began learning democracy, of course, difficult to hit the road; in addition to friends who warmly encouraged to tighten supervision because of our democracy, local, etc into a bit of a surprise to the democracy, the people's interests and the interests of the State addressed each of the sources reduces the political function of the command. Thus to suppress the request, request stop G with grain, conscription, taxation. We have two ancient Chinese saying: "the people's livelihood, no master is a mess." There is a main g, G; no non-a non-member is its main is that non-. Monarch of the times, can not decide which indiscriminately Jun; democratic age, people can not make decisions is also chaotic. The beginning of chaos, is a non-confusing. Non-confusion, and political performance is reduced. G D is centralized production dictatorship, the people made a lot of evil because of course, but strong political domination, creating chaos on the efficiency is also a lot of income. Therefore, G Zeng Yi 70 million people in the region to address hundreds of thousands soldiers clothing, food, entry rates; we Zeyi vast land, a large number of people to solve our troops, clothing, food, entry rates, when the flu is still not enough . This does not mean there can G D capacity, we incompetence, is different from each other's political goals; we are happy democracy, create chaos in G is the centralization of power.G no laws, in public opinion and public opinion, like a Mustang, let him run, where drinking water there, there, where to eat grass. We have the State abide by national laws, and shall comply with public opinion and public opinion, not in line with the current laws, we had to go, doesn't the Communists of public opinion, we have to comply with, applicable to the Communists in public opinion, we have to respect equal a belt head, foot, cycle in barriers in front of the horse, even where there is water cannot drink, front grass to eat. Why 70 million in G can solve the thousands of soldiers, rates of food and clothing items? Because he can make people all gave him a two-thirds of income, assuming them off, he has his take on the rich, the poor pay money to live, side to convince the terrorist side of the ways to make people feel: Take one-third of Second, by the point home, hungry, do not show two-thirds of the whole family was murder; certainly prefer to take it out to hungry-for-life.Why we are taking a big land, many people, the US forces, clothing, food, and drew in the US? transition to democracy, the Foundation can consolidate and friends on our assistance for freedom and democracy, encouraging, for urge, I want to get on the road, but it is too fast, so that most people misunderstand the democracy and freedom. But because of democracy in the Democratic side, free feeling inevitably partial to help themselves. Feelings of democracy, the burden is lighter better relief, the more the better, the town did not want to burden the County, the County does not want to burden on the province, the province does not want to burden on countries. She likes the free, orderly and their inconvenience, that distort the free and not orderly; keep time with their inconvenience, that distort the free and not punctual; freedom of speech, just to insult G D production, destruction, the collapse of the credibility of our government a good opportunity to blur the line up and down inside and outside our awareness, to reduce our political prestige and political performance. But I is not said that democracy is not good, freedom is not good, is that leaps of democracy, democracy on the trade performance of Ganqingzuoyong, can reduce the political effectiveness; distortion free, easy to help yourself as an excuse to undermine the social order.And democracy, freedom, peace, happiness to; centralization, dictatorship, in aggression, war. Today in g is centralized, dictatorship, we attack he doesn't peace, happiness, but he did believe that are suitable for aggression, war. Peace, happiness and solid as a basic human hope, but is ignored and the aggressors. Resist aggression and call for peace, happiness, is we need, but you do not need in G. We intend to ask for peace, happiness to sit in the G, our preparedness, gave psychological G attack in the us. – This is our Chinese Government-induced abortion in the first six reasons.


Seventh, G D production in order to call for world revolution to do, by democratic countries, unemployment, widespread social panic spread like a disease, stripping force of the colonial war, the imposition of economic aggression, endless war, the re-make the world revolution, dictatorship of the proletariat slogan. Also in the capital of exploitation of workers and highly developed, the middle D to G in order to encourage workers to move closer to a good chance D G products. Therefore, the success of his attempt to world revolution, encouraged by the cadres to go to the slogan of exploitation, called quasi-proletariat of the proletariat and working people; such encouragement and the call is a dynamic, aggressive, and can use up the spirit of the Master power.We are standing on the Government's position on a life of comfort ' to call people to live and work; such comfort and call static, defensive, not one of the highest spiritual power. Is it G d cadres to attempt to overcome hunger; our cadres who are affected. — This gives us the Chinese Government by reason of the seventh.


Eighth, create chaos and prevent disorder, the difficulty of a world of difference. Create chaos in the G condition with ZY, organized, background, further exploitation of workers by capital inequality, and unemployment, the gap of social panic, Colonial, kind of colony and state of aggression by economic hardship the people life, and the psychological indignation. Its making chaos, as if the water flows downwind trend; prevent disorder who are equal to the difficulty of wind against the current. Ease of the poor, therefore, all holders of all in G, then made into the chaos of the assets; in government, and then become a liability and prevent disorder. Government obligation to protect the village, and necessary.The Government should protect the rural villages are obligations; that is, land, people, if not to protect the village, there is no land, people, it is necessary. As a result of Government is the universal protection of the country, destroying villages in G is assault each. So the Government to protect the country's armed forces is the delivery of arms in G, supplemental manpower convoys; but does not protect the countryside, no land, people, and on the obligations and necessary, as it became a big, huge debt. While the G in occupies a tube village, the village is a village in the harvest, the day of harvest; and tube village in addition to the seven outside can destroy our harvest grown G forces. Village to the Government of the worst, as in the G treasures. Re weedy sheath School Ho Yi Qin Ji fresh severance spring    B  └  chessboard  Department of flexible side sword gray city's becoming sincerely deceive Platypleura kaempferi core of the sheath with scarless  oblique that most of the  apology tour of the terrifying quiet training Na playing  Su   ridge 艹 sheath school  mother He Qiang  significantly less total control  T Posthumous Li City, the refuge of the rich and the whole drive back Hongo, all movable and immovable property, all left to the G; flight of the rich, at least an average of 1000 yuan per person, possible to one million, one-thousand dollars, he left behind hundreds of thousands of people back, you can harvest a million, using a thousand dollars, leaving hundreds of thousands of people back, there are billions of harvest.Now in G major city has been accounted for, leaving back no less than five million people, he made five billion to $ 50 billion in assets, may be worth dozens of national State aid assistance. This is his big riches on chaos, ten years of military use. In addition, the urban poor labourers, he took on the slogan of unemployment relief, flooding of a soldier is at least 2 million combatants, he made a mess of large assets. This can be said that the rural, urban, the Government would take a great debt, is a fatal failure; G in occupies a great harvest, is a successful great virtue. This is the status of the Government's failure was caused, in G obtained by making arbitrary smooth, this is not the problem can be incompetent. This difficulty does not only control over rural, urban, and nature, all military, political, economic, propaganda, secrecy, just a few. - This is our eighth Chinese Government to the defeat of reason. .


More than eight-induced abortion of, or the environment, or history, or economy system gap. We certainly do not seek to protect our people, but not of the, Zang should not neglecting environmental, historical and economic difficulties in the US, enabling us to fail. Our own today's understanding, awareness, and solid matter; friends on aggression in G by force in the world of ambition, making out on a variety of factors, and Super G in the world history of graffiti awareness approaches are particularly important. If knows this, China, may become a world totalitarian State other than the country of the same wrong. G.


In G we have aimed at the eight reasons for induced abortion, the principles of this come from behind to create chaos in China in the history of the whole approach taken by the Soviet Union's methods adopted, taken together, for the present posture, strategic, tactical, to produce a set of uniform history now super, super strategy that gives the world, strategy, tactics. Can be said to take on the conditions of his people, organizational conditions, economic conditions, conditions of purchase and terror, with the majority of the land is made, many of the people, and is taking the production and living conditions of people under control, resulting in his eschews the universality of the armed people. Output of this strategy that gives him "to overturn the water" strategy.More to his control of people, hid his enemy's eyes and ears, the sound of his eyes and ears, the introduction of its "dark" to blow "," to eat small "tactics. To his tactics, completed his strategies; to his strategy, completed his political discussion by his political discussion, he is to meet the deficit in the extended policy. Not only become G d against our policy, but also as an atomic bomb G d..


Using the above D G We produce the Chinese government's eight causes of failure of the first reason, you can transfer the world on his goal, relaxing against him. Using the sixth reason, can make the implementation of our weak political bandits, his policies created a strong disorder. Using the seventh reason, you can call the attempt to manage the world careerist interest groups to strengthen his power. Using the eighth reason, in the country and city, unlimited access to manpower, material, expanded his assets created chaos.Use the second, third, the economic exploitation of aggression and the landlord, two reasons to agro-industrial interests, difficulty for farm workers, people, such as organization and mud with water, the lure of solidarity to the poor. Use the fourth, fifth, for two reasons, he could not subject to legal restrictions, ruthless killers, such as brick with fire, it can be scary to unite the solidification of the poor. So the people organize themselves, and then up behind the iron curtain. Produced the world know G D there is the Iron Curtain, but how he the Iron Curtain in what some people may know, some people have long bamboo advantage of loopholes in the private Suan R Huai vermiculite   cards Laughingthrush  Hu  fade pretty  Valley instantaneous Huan private Suan K  cards Laughingthrush  restore  mantle  Qiaorehouzhui straw zai line and  Fenhouquxin ⒄ Luhuanghuilao  letter   meet unexpectedly worry now panic  Huan  idle ∨   meet unexpectedly Qu Huan  lift letter  Du   meet unexpectedly threshold ∨  roundworm Yue Du Yan Song ruin meet unexpectedly gingival scaling  J Falcon Investment  uh Blind Xiang D of production capacity can not work, that is not life; and G after the production line of interest D, G D training products to teach say , say, not to say that is not what to say.So his enemies to his region, such as deaf, blind, or even to enter his village to his love; he kept his three 500 miles away, there is a night to know his enemies. So the formation of his military a maximum favorable conditions. He therefore has two words: "the battle is not unknown, not sure of winning battle; it is necessary to play, that is clear and safe. If we take the initiative, he is very aware of our advantages, he dominated, he evaded. Our past three years, before and after the G forces to fight the size of thousands of battle, in addition to outside Battle of Xu Bang, G forces and we did not play a decisive battle; very obvious, such as the Zhangjiakou and Yan'an, G forces if a decisive battle with me, I will they could be wiped. But the G forces active, almost no one we do not lose. - This is the result of his Dominican dark. .


So we say G-D up behind the iron curtain, completed his strategic, tactical and combat conditions, is cause a mud flat, it is a good car, it is the bigger the horsepower in deeper, larger losses. G-D of this strategy, our troops more strong, more profound, more polite.


We can not but observe observe surface line, keep lines can not but observe point, can not say no to; results of the size of several hundred points all go fail, it is because we deal with the strategy that gives D G products, strategies, tactics is not enough to take on the car is equal to crossing into the sea 100 Shen 100, into the sea in 1000 Shen 1000. If demand in the crossing transformation tool, still followed by car crossing into the sea 10 000, will sink units, and eventually the economic plan. Some responsible positions we not retreated so divided and conquered by G forces; does not know that one had retreated to strongholds, that is, without political power.In the Government's position, no regime that no land, no people, no food, no means, the end will fail against scolding.


In addition, we can not avoid the disadvantage is more one of the most things that we state our position is to protect the people. In particular, people in the region the enemy staggered, due to harassment by the military for protection G, to the kindliness, love, can not send troops to. However, many soldiers we send, G army deployed more soldiers to resolve our; we send the Bing, G Army transferred a small number of soldiers to solve our. He often stressed the soldiers on the number of counties, to solve our troops to protect the people of a county; tune on the dozens of county soldiers, to solve our troops to protect the people a few counties. We defend the place, for the purpose of protecting the people, of course, the enemy can not come to me to go, and go light on the abandoned people.The protection of the population has become one of our main reasons for failure; the protection of the population of units for G d supplements the bullet, complements the clothing, complements the laborers! finally we became the official surface cannot be so line, line and point guard is also due to the loss of their difficulties. This is not our strength, is the aforementioned eight failed as a result of the failure of political discussion. It can be said that this is a total failure caused by reasons; it is also due to our environment, history, economic system, causing G d winning a total of crystallization.


We are China's difficulties in China G D production, the difficulties of the Soviet Union with the countries is the same; although different degrees of severity, but the difficulty is the same proportion. If all countries in the secret, all-round service by their capacity D G reported theft of the Soviet Union, and even the secret of the atomic bomb, the survival of their relationship, and D can also produce its own G theft reported in the USSR. On the other hand, the Soviet government's secret, difficult for countries to know that the secret of the Soviet civil, action under the Iron Curtain, has little knowledge of foreign persons. Comparison of the two secret levels, we can not say one to one to one hundred ten suppression, which extended to the military when a comparison, the proportion is the same.But we are not saying China "ambition", not to the dilemma, does not anticipate this predicament, nor will it prevent this dilemma.


I am not defending China, I explain the truth, so that the world Yiwuzaiwu, which can not be saved. As Secretary of State Acheson said of the aid to China has passed an invalid, before the words I, we referred to all of its personnel not to dispute the errors on; but I think even if valid, should be attributed to our fundamental American understanding of both the G unclear, resulting in ineffective assistance. If you change the understanding of a certain effective assistance. - I passed the so-called failure of our understanding of difference is with friends. .


A few months ago it was reported in Shanghai, the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bouro Mun said: "China and G d formed a coalition Government, 100 G d in occupies one of the other 99 D estimate, as controlled by the G-D." This is most knowledgeable about the awareness of the G-D. This assumes that in the three years prior to the disaster relief leng hui 1. on.


I recently saw the New York Daily News, but the U.S. will publish in the near future another white paper, admitted in Western Europe, Turkey and Greece, of the efforts of the failures. Some people said that this report is the reported D G products, we do not know what he was referring to the failure. Assuming he said that the Chinese wish to use a car crossing the U.S. on aid to China, vehicular, and finally failed, the Chinese aid is not enough to blame the United States, the United States not qualified to blame China for assistance, then the White Paper.That is the United States assistance in Western Europe, Turkey and Greece, is still a car across the sea, Western Europe, Turkey, USA and Greece, the last published the white paper will also recognize its assistance to fail. If the paper is this understanding, we are unable to acknowledge their worries of words.


In short, the recipients should abandon the concept of the vehicle crossing into the concept of a ship crossing the sea, at least, have to become a boat crossing the concept; assistance to people who should not be in the car crossing the void of effective assistance into aid Ferry crossing, the aid must effectively become another aid boat crossing, not The ineffective. .


Now that we have a clear understanding of the true face of G-D, and has decided to actively change the political, strategic, tactical, and it intends to have a plan. We are convinced that the change has been misunderstood, has failed, determine a G new policy set on the anti-G can be very large.


In addition, Secretary of State Acheson's report concluded, the warning in G: If you accept the instructions of the Soviet empire ZY ambitious attempt to invade China's neighbors, the United States and other United Nations Member States will be considered to result in a violation of the principles of the UN Charter, and threat to world peace and security situation. We suggest that this is still not deviate from the past considered "state of war is civil war G" view. D G produced by the proletarian revolution is the proletarian subversion of the national government for the purpose of the country.Today's expansion in G, it's Secretary of State to recognize the Soviet Union was orchestrated, yes; but the Soviet Union had not been formally assigned Division soldiers. Now countries in Southeast Asia expansion of G d is orchestrated, in G is true facts; but in the presence of a G nor even a regiment. Create chaos in G is instigated by the Soviet Union, and if you can't recognize as Soviet Soviet aggression; outside the country is today South-East Asian countries G d G making random is instigated, will not be recognized as in countries outside of the G to the Chinese aggression. So it's Secretary Ahmed such warning, on the South-East Asian countries to continue motivating G G d Chek in Southeast Asian countries, is not the will of the . Quasi-proletariat of the proletariat and working functions, not willing to exploitation of workers and the industrial revolution, can not be reconciled by the fear of unemployment, and the colony, kind of colony of the working people not willing to live through the economic oppression of aggression, is equal to the needs of adult men and women Marriage can not be suppressed. Third World workers to overthrow the international agitation of the rule of the world, men and women are equal to marriage, but the media only! Communization of Southeast Asia in the G instigated, is equivalent to the Soviet Union instigated communization of China, can not stop! To stop the system to find ways to be in the marriage; can not stop to get married on the way out.The Vietnamese, the French occupied but a few of the points, and the distance between lines, points, lines outside the land, people, most of all for more G, Vietnam's future, near future can be seen.


Finally, we would like to declare to the U.S. government two:. .


First, if the recognition of international production ZY G is aggressive, where G-D war, is an international war. Where is AI's Secretary of State for its recognition in the G create chaos is instigated by the Soviet Union, China today war, not the Chinese civil war, but rather the world against aggression. Where States against aggression, we reverse the aggression of the skirmish interested consistent relationship should have sympathy for that.


Second, the aggression of the country with industry and the aircraft was the only weapon, G D production is the land and the Iron Curtain in the general organization of the people of his way to meet material. Communization China, Southeast Asia and India will communization; turning other South-East Asia and India, while more than half the Earth's land, more than two thirds of people are income producing international hand G evening would like to further anti-G, real uncertainty! . .


We are not saying that certain requirements of American aid, is that our struggle is the international campaign against the Sentinel of the war of aggression. States against aggression in getting on our understanding, compassion, all depends on knowledge of G-D and correctness.


If the United States by the White Paper as a document ending the Sino-US friendship, the failure of our course steadily, to a tremendous blow to our spirit, which the White Paper on China, have hit where it hurts. I think the U.S. should not be adding insult to injury meaning the end of the friendly Sino-US relations; we hope that the White Paper is not passed the fruits of China-US friendship, but since the Sino-US anti-G of G with the result. .


This section of the speech, there is a previous relationship with the United States Ambassador to the United States Ambassador Clarke and the Guangzhou Shi Tektronix Vice-Consul of conversation. This two-part conversation, in G of the conspiracy and aggression in the world and the iron curtain in a more detailed description of the scenario, the can benefit today I speak of is not enough for a short time, to be recorded in the back:.


Clark talks with U.S. envoy excerpt. .


G G d recognized in any country other than the production, are his enemy. He was cheating on his enemies to his righteousness; and his enemies with his truth. Because of his goals in the world of aggression, all invasions, the Commission was his enemy, he told him to invade enemy spoofing, cooperation is, of course, the we should. A political D so that he violated his goal is not possible, it is not expected. As for why he should be establishment of the Iron Curtain? I have his two papers in Shanxi, was clearly the reason he wants to build the Iron Curtain, is the target of aggression in the world, under the jurisdiction of the people need him he is absolutely consistent with his not only within the region who do not oppose and not a neutral person, a very sympathetic person can do depends, must be living, production, and his political power, the final victory for his side to grasp. His country, therefore people are linked together middle peasants clearing rich peasants, middle peasants, one way or another small-scale clearing, settlement one way or another poor small farmers, and finally liquidation poor.We got his first file is in liquidation, rich, Middle peasant farmers, after indicating liquidation peasant. As a result of poor farmers in the local cadres liquidation are opposed, the objection is clearing on the other hand, why, what, and what practices. He's directed liquidation statement of need and on the other hand, the practice. This indicates that communications is a mission staff hold over and above the county level secret circulation, read by communicating the staff holding back. Its content is: "our revolutionary goal is to liberate the world. This difficult task is how! We have liberated China, can be aroused British, American and other coalition forces to attack ZY empire, we were soldiers must be connected with people and materials back retreat, the enemy of all I do not know, and we retreated a considerable distance, after breaking their Road, trapped them to death, so that we can deal with Empire ZY attack. By that time our people in, not only not a reactionary person, not a neutral person who is not sympathetic to our reliable, must be a personal power that can not leave our lives, to fight with us before they can not leak our true feelings.If you do not liquidate peasant, peasant can own life, to the Empire ZY attack such a poor peasant, will, at least it is neutral. On the other hand, we must settle in order to ensure our final victory. As for the liquidation of poor peasants, instead of saying, practices, simply stated: People's Liberation Army is fighting for the people, not on the front of the people, should the burden of public grain; first he wanted to this year's grain tax, if you want him there, to ask him to recover to last year, to the last year, he still has to chase him to the year before: the quest he can not live, and side relief he the one hand, distribution of production to him, so his production, life and power of our links in the 1, he can always fight with us in the end. " Also inspired by one of his cadres and the instructions are not afraid of an atomic bomb named.It says that the United Kingdom and the United States has an atomic bomb ZY Empire, we must have an atomic bomb, the bomb against the enemy. Enemy of the atomic bomb; we are the military against the atomic bomb is political. The British and American Empire ZY on our attack is to control industrial zone, the bombardment of big cities; we put the Eastern continent's vast land and the people of Nunavut on force and we became split between became an atomic bomb, lang makes enemies of the atomic bomb would be deep-fried, cannot. This is the practice of anti-atomic bomb, that is: we have the anti-atomic bomb, that is not afraid of the British and American Empire ZY atomic bomb. Furthermore, we now have atomic bombs, in turn, we get the atomic bomb, bombing of the British and American Empire ZY large cities, the destruction of his industrial zone, Britain, the United States is not anti-atomic organization, they will fall into a helpless. We are not afraid of the Third World War, we meet the third anti-war. " .


We have these two files, so you can understand the idea of G were pipped at the post. He had this way of thinking and practice is to complete his aggression on destination in the world of his justice and truth. But this way of thinking and practices, not only does not allow foreign journalists and clear, it cannot make the non-Communist who know the area. Or you'll lose the role of his people, he approached the area of expansion. From this we can know that G-D therefore it is necessary to establish the cause of the iron curtain. (Yu).


Recently, KMT Chairman Lien Chan and People First Party Chairman James Soong's historic trip to mainland China, so that they become the current cross-strait and the world media to focus on the landscape character. But do not forget, this wonderful drama behind the general director, Chief Planner - Party General Secretary Hu Jintao.If you are not in the "Hu Jintao anti-secession law" introduced before the new train full of goodwill and, if not he made a great decision and behind-the-scenes deploy command, how could even, song in such a short period of time to wait to have the "login"? mainland dare Grand ultra-high specification so popular? security sector would let people warmly welcomed the publication of dew? mainland media dare so completely liberalized full truthfully tracking reports? although Hu prepare only twice, but the whole of this drama are clearly in his carefully staged under control.


Savor the whole process, there are many memorable ponder things. Hu Jintao as the great strategist, and politician, very leisurely, if the set command, has started showing off their skills. But this is just the beginning, or just a prelude. We have reason to look forward to more exciting process, its meaning, scope, Ying Xiang is not restricted to improving cross-strait relations, and secure to solve the Taiwan issue, its China's entire economy, the sustainable and stable development of China's political reform, the Chinese nation's peaceful rise in the 21st century, can lead to extremely rich people's imagination. .


Hu Jintao, the previous impression extremely low profile, or even a bit mediocre. It was followed by his co-workers had said, it seems that he did not play Daren, lack of courage and determination. It now appears that this impression is obviously true "big." How can one experience the noble ones Low-key restraint may only be the Tao of subtle light, not to much publicity, I am afraid it is not today's seat. But since he formally served as General Secretary, one of a series of events. Since he took office made two important slogans, called "scientific development" and one called "harmonious society", are extremely accurate and have a sense of proportion in view of the current reality of China's social development issues, with the dial is heading, correct the bias of strategic significance. "Maintain the advanced nature" campaign, the form looks like in the past the party's previous "rectification" of the class of similar, but not the same substance and meaning: one prominent anti-corruption content (non-anti-corruption did not, and indeed to great efforts to counter a); Second, emphasis on "advanced" problem, that is, "with the times."Discussion of "keeping", necessarily involves how to follow the further reform and development, including the reform of the political system. Of course, there are also consolidated the entire party awareness, establish authoritative significance. This is essential. This appears to be back to the old system of doing things, but how is not a great strategist back before retreating, into the military?.


Hu seems to not only military strategy, but more importantly, there is a benevolent heart, consistent with the ancient Confucian could maintain the standard, you see he learned that "SARS" epidemic, he has a "gripping" the pain, time to reverse the epidemic was hiding layers situation; he sent Yang Liwei into space, will be tears; his "new Three People's Principles", fully in line with the Confucian thought of the people; he handle the Taiwan issue, all efforts are in fact in order to avoid war (which some people still do not know why Taiwan can not read?) "Israel is not loud, not long summer to reform," which two words of our ancestors, with Hu Jintao, who is really in now just right. .


China's political reform, that seems not difficult, but in this system, as long as your mind will understand that it's not easy to do so,! system, concept, quality, interest considerations, these relationships are complex, and a whole body, not good cause major social upheaval, nobody. Eastern Europe's democratic transformations, of Taiwan's democracy in practice, there are many worthwhile lessons learned. Moreover, China is so big countries, the mutation of reform of the risks and costs, any responsible politicians are afraid to take lightly.


Yu Yi that China's political and democratic reform can only go a gradual improvement of the road to "democracy soft landing." The so-called "democratic soft landing" is in maintaining economic development and social stability under the conditions of the unified arrangements of the most senior leadership, the progressive implementation, from the grassroots to the top, from detail to whole, a smooth transition to a fully democratic society. .


Democracy this stuff, is actually a "luxurious luxury", poor countries simply can't afford to play. Then the poor one, to invest so much human resources engaged in elections, referendum for competition, consumption of resources of the community for a long time on the long democratic process waste of energy and time limited, but increasingly, poorer. Democracy this stuff, actually, was a "high art", you don't have the insight, the elegant would not be enjoying, not good but rather self-defeating, tiger into a dog, democracy, the observance of the democracy, fool the public. Democracy is not serious reasons, only considered the majority's decision, if in a certain range that the education level of most people, the level of awareness is limited, this is possible within the scope of democracy to everyone onto the wrong and even dangerous position. .


China's current levels of economic development, ideological level, is to achieve the degree of democratic politics? stupid idea thought: comparison of near the level of economic development and ideological level short. Ideas on what to do when the level of non-compliance, education. Who education? To educate the Communist Party itself? This of course is a way, in fact, the world now, whether that country has democratic elections, the Communist Party control of the media will have a detailed report, which is in education; the Communist Party is now encouraging the government to court, to encourage individuals to fight for their rights according to law, the planning organization grass-roots democratic elections, which are a kind of preparation and education to democracy. Of course, that was not enough, the efficiency is still relatively slow, we still need external force to push.Moreover, in the spirit of democracy and the Communist Party the previous information and practices there are discrepancies, the Communist Party of their own to do this kind of education, sometimes in theory and practice of the paradoxical situation. So you want to help, to please the "foreign aid".


Please who do "foreign aid", please Americans do? Must not, even if the Chinese engaged in democracy, is Chinese Democracy, Chinese-style democracy, according to the characteristics of Chinese culture, construction of China's democratic system. The old United States, is saying we can only talk of democracy in the United Nations can not allow him to guide our democracy. We Americans can learn from the democratic experience, but he must not meddle with us out.Many in the Western powers to force carrying democratic and small result in fact very miserable, economy, culture is also broken inheritance remained hidden political unrest, because that was hard to render to you impose their "democratic" model does not satisfy him culture would not be in keeping with the current situation, where the majority of people, turned out to be a democracy.


Americans can not please, then engage in political democracy in China who do, please, "foreign aid"? Only please the KMT, to invite Taiwan Chinese. Yu Yi that the KMT, People First Party have landed, in fact, invited President Hu Jintao's "democratic foreign aid." They are Chinese, so that they will even express different political views on the mainland, and even to participate in mainland politics, and will not be considered as interference in China's internal affairs. They had some practice in the context of Chinese culture, the experience of democracy, tasted the ups and downs of democracy, the experience is very valuable. To do so, domestic opposition to democratic change is not good against conservatives.How do you oppose? national unity issue is not more important to peaceful reunification, how can not and Taiwan political differences. Hu Jintao has already said, as long as you acknowledge the "one", everything can be discussed, including of course the issue of Chinese political democracy. Hu Jintao this is really a very imaginative, non-bold vision of how the foresight out this brilliant!.


You see, freedom of the press, the people spontaneously, multi-party competition, a pluralistic and inclusive, this series of core values of democracy, Lien and Soong landed in the past few days suddenly the look solemnly staged in mainland China full set, which educate the public subtle decision Hu Jintao will not expect, I am afraid this is what he wants results. Lien activity related to the reports, I am afraid to open the first of its kind the Chinese press, and the specific details, newspaper tabloids have different emphases, can not see with one voice.He gave a lecture at Peking University, on liberalism, democracy in Taiwan, Central TV 1 set, 4 suites and 9 sets of actually live, some universities also provide video on-demand afterwards. While on Taiwan's Chen Shui-bian's say, Lee Teng-hui, continental newspapers have reported. People like me have managed to gather the views of different approaches to different sources, crank, from Taiwan media gathered valuable information, but also have not mainland media has published. Lien Chan's visit and the people around spontaneous activities, all take their natural course, playing "the families of the Kuomintang group" banner can be, you can play the KMT emblem, which is simply unimaginable in the past. Since it is called "the Chinese Nationalist Party," which is a Chinese political party, that is, apart from the Communist Party of China now, actually there is another party, its President and CCP General Secretary can be equal, rival, but not necessarily the so-called " utter sincerity ", but only seek common ground, win-win cooperation.What concept? walked him then he came back again any time Chen Shui-bian also may step in its heel shoes, their differences and the Communist Party. Before the general public on the Mainland and Taiwan internal political situation and clear up to now, Taiwan's political will to the people at low down, what could be better of multiculturalism, party politics of the Visual education?, not only to people on Taiwan are amazed, astonished the world, but also on the Mainland, many people feel suddenly.


However, he said suddenly, not suddenly, to borrow the words of Lien Chan, is there behind the foundation of historical trends and public opinion. But only with the bold vision of the wise man can see exactly this trend; only with people, the overall interests of the nation's benevolent intention to observe this public opinion; only not selfish, sincerity, the public spirit of the brave, dared to make a resolute decision to seize this trend.Hu Jintao is set up to admire the courage of GML! he from Jiang Zemin took the helm of the CMC President fully before few months on the 15th, is this extraordinary excellence collection, really impressive eyes startled look! We have every reason to look forward to when he was in charge of the period, China will have a marked and significant political progress! very likely democratic reforms in the social stability for smooth "soft landing", avoid others areas of instability and chaos phase, go on a their own unique way, and the possibility of using a latecomer, lessons are lessons from building more mature and rational comprehensive user-friendly democracy! . .

All enemies support we firmly opposed.


Those who adhere to the enemy, we firmly reject. .


Those who oppose certain D is against the people.


Any hostile to a certain doctrine is hostile to the state. .


Those who criticize the Government, which is to overthrow the regime.


Those who vent on the social discontent that is inciting riots. .


Those who hold high the banner of freedom and democracy, it is a deliberate "peaceful development".


Any DC power with that pace, tone is inconsistent, it will be all down. .


What we have and do the things that were consistent with national conditions.


Any initiatives in Western countries, there are great limitations and hypocrisy. .


Those who achieved little success when a system is superior.


All material is dark and all incidents are local or grass-roots push blame on the individual. .


Whatever their own representatives, is the most advanced and most numerous.


All the world's most perfect words, to be collecting to own program. .


What's great is described in the file are realistic.


Where there is real dirty, are borrowed from ZC class. .


All the ugly history, are completely buried away.


Those who honor the past, always on the sun, the sun's rays are also said to light it. .


All other references to human rights, are not aware of our country.


Any war in the West, have only one purpose hegemony. .


Whatever the political system of capitalism, is typical of money politics.


Where all of our system are the people call the shots in the system. .


All our war or self-defence, or help a certain resistance, is a justice.


Where we speak in the international arena, both on behalf of the Third World countries. .


Those who praised the national history is always great.


People of all playing signs are always written industrious and courageous. .


Where a decision is the eternal truth.


All a little bit of his shortcomings and said we should squatting behind bars. .


Those who can do what is good comrades.


Any criticism of the very good comrades are good, good for him. .


Where the greatest leaders of the speech is "major speech".


Any time a long report by the middle of the total number applause. .


All television coverage of the meeting, not a warm atmosphere.


All cameras are focused on the head, that there is no dignified expression. .


All under pressure to change, are certain people or certain D vision.


All reforms are successful. .


Whenever disaster strikes, in praise of heroic deeds.


All closed on public anger too, always have to kill a chicken to the worms look. .


# Charge date established political parties name.


Ma Ying-jeou of the Chinese Kuomintang 1894.11.24 1. .


2 Chinese youth party 1923.12.02 simply KEC.


3 China Democratic Socialist Party, Iraq 1932.04.16 step Lun. .


4 auxiliary labour 1987.11.01 NG.


5 towards the Chinese Democratic Party 1988.08.14 Shen Jiang. .


6 Chinese democracy and Justice Party 1987.12.25 Zhang on the 15th.


7 Republican Party of China Wang Ying-Qun 1988.03.09. .


8 China United Party 1989.02.12 Wang.


9 Chinese New Socialist Party 1947.11.12 Chen Jianfu. .


10 Chinese people's Party 1987.11.21 Wang-springs.


11 Chinese and party 1894.04.05 Zheng Xianglin. .


12 China United Party 1988.03.09 what Mao-song.


13 unified the Democratic Party 1988.03.02 car bombers. .


14 China loyalty party 1989.03.26 Dr..


15 Labor Party 1989.03.29 Luomei Wen. .


16 Democratic Progressive Party 1986.09.28 Su Tseng-Chang.


17 China Youth Party 1989.02.26 Yung-Ching Lai. .


18 Chinese Veterans United Party 1988.11.12 Mr. Huang.


19 youth party 1923.12.02 Kai Xiong. .


20 loyalty 1989.03.29 c.c. Huang.


21 China Democratic Youth Party 1953.03.21 Bing furnace. .


22 China Iron Guard party 1989.03.24 fee quarter credits.


23 China's Unity Party 1989.05.21 Wu Zhiyi. .


24 Chinese Liberal Democrat 1987.08.02 Jian-.


25 China's Baath Party 1989.05.30 aqua regia village. .


26 China Datong party lianxing 1989.05.20 River.


27 China's national security party 1989.06.28 Chenhan Long. .


28 China 1989.06.04 Zhang Wen-peace party.


29, the China Democratic Renewal Party 1987.09.13 high Teruo. .


30 democratic Liberal Party 1989.01.01 Albert.


31 Democratic Action Party 1981.03.01 Ming-Long Wang. .


32. China democratic constitutional party 1989.07.15 Chen first.


33 China's Datong Chen Hengsheng Democratic Party 1988.10.10. .


34 China Hong ying Chen Feng 1989.07.20 Patriotic Party before.


35 Grand party 1989.01.07 Lei Yu-chi. .


36 China Ziqiang party 1989.07.07 Chen-fu.


1923.12.02 Yan Nanchang China, China Youth Party 37. .


38 Chinese Orthodox Party 1989.08.25 Feng Yue.


39 Chinese Xie Tian Tian Democratic Unionist Party 1989.09.26. .


40 Chinese national party 1989.10.30 ye Yong.


41 Zhuangzheng Dong China Insurance Party 1989.12.16. .


42 peasant party 1989.02.03 Zhang Xian.


43 Advocating Justice 1989.02.13 grade in China. .


44 Chinese people party 1989.02.03 Li Ming.


45 Human Rights in China to promote the party 1989.10.10 Han Wei days. .


46 China home party 1990.03.31 k. Lu.


47 of the original Democratic Party 1990.03.18 Iraqi sweep Lu knife. .


48 zhongxing party 1990.04.05 xitang Lee.


49 China and China in the gold-rich Indian Party 1990.04.16. .


50 Democratic Republican 1990.05.05 Mandarin Yang.


51 people own line of party 1990.05.08 Zheng Chunlin. .


52 Chinese national wealth party 1990.05.08 Zhang Pei River.


53 China's Datong Chen Socialist Party 1990.05.11 hair days. .


54 can vote the party 1990.07.12 Wu.


55 China Youth Democratic Party 1990.08.06 Chen Xiuxiong. .


56 truth 1990.09.18 Xiao Zhihong party.


57 China's Datong Zhang Naiqiang United Party 1990.10.07. .


58 Chinese variety of British rich ore was Kay 1990.09.05 party.


59 Journal of the Social Democratic Party 1990.11.18 Ju. .


60 new China Democracy Party 1990.12.25 penghua Fu.


61 Huang Handong China Free Socialist Party 1991.01.13. .


62 Chinese Chen Rui 1991.05.11 independence party.


63 China National Welfare Party 1991.07.28 Zhai Ocean. .


64 the Chinese women's Party 1991.08.15 u..


WU Gui-65 Chinese women, such as the Democratic Party 1991.08.18. .


66 national Democratic Alliance of non-parties 1991.10.16 leaf constitutional revision.


67 China's People's Action Party 1991.09.28 Maxie Lu. .


68 Chinese labour party 1991.10.25 suyu column.


69 National Labour Party 1992.05.01 Zuo Jing Qiu. .


70 Chinese ethnic justice party 1992.06.21 hongjian Chan. ..


71 Republican 1992.09.06 Chinese Wu regeneration. .


72 Green Party in the of huaan 1992.09.19 Wang Chung-3.


73 Han-Qing Qian Civic Party 1993.03.07. .


74 new party 1993.08.22 Yu.


75 Youth Union Progressive Party 1994.08.09 Kenai Hao. .


76 Chinese State party 1995.07.17-T'ai.


77 people in the town of Unity Party 1995.09.18 fall of the Soviet Union. .


78-advanced party 1996.01.01 entrance examinations.


79 Green Party 1996.01.25 Cooked Meat. .


80 national Democratic Party 1996.04.04 Kine.


81 Natural Law Party 1996.09.22 Chen Rongshun. .


82 since the founding of the party 1996.10.06 Ho Man feels.


83 Hua Party 1997.05.18 International Business Negotiation. .


84 social reform Party 1997.07.19 Xu Yun de.


85 Democratic Union 1998.06.24 Xu Cheng Kun. .


86 new State line 1998.09.18 Pang 100 Hin.


87 Taiwan Democratic Party 1998.12.20 LIN Yu-yin. .


88 China day confederates 1999.04.18 Lu Bao Yao.


89 Zhongshan Party 1999.11.12 Lvxue Wei. .


90 PFP 2000.03.31 Soong.


91 Republic of China Democratic Party 2000.03.12 Lin Xiong. .


92 greater China unified front 2000.07.07 Wang Chao-increase.


93 new China to promote party unity 2000.08.13 Chenming Xiong. .


94 broom line party 2000.12.12 specimens.


Taiwan Solidarity Union 2001.08.12 95 Su Chin-chiang. .


Ethnic unity Alliance 96 2001.08.17 in Taiwan.


97 Wadge Taiwan 2001.09.21 help my party. .


98 China Taiwan zhigong party 2002.04.21 Wang rising.


99 Fumin variables of the party 2002.05.04. .


100 Chinese call people in your party 2003.03.29 Kyong brothers.


101 Taiwan, Hsieh was a Democratic Labour Party 2003.04.27. .


102-Yun Yang Palm party loyalty towards 2003.07.27.


103 World Peace Party 2004.03.13 Lin Jingsong. .


104 workers teach Union 2004.03.21 forest Qiao feng.


105 People's Progressive Party 2004.04.03 Chen states rights. .


106 no party unity Alliance 2004.06.15 Chang.


107 dignity of the party 2004.06.20. .


108 free party 2004. Republic of China.


109, large defense alliance 2004.10.25 Linzheng Jie of China. .


110 Protection League 2004.08.01 Yang Xu-Dong in addition to 128 of the war in 1918 and 1933 wall-Yu Guan, rehe, great wall three battles, since 1937 July to 8 August 1945, the ROC government forces launched during large-scale battle 22 times, an important battle of seven times, small battles at once. Army were killed, wounded, missing a siyijiu saneryi. Air force killed four people and destroying machine saneryi 2468 driving. Naval losses. One died a heroic death in battle of the KMT generals that reached more than a hundred; for the first time the Chinese Communists in 1985 and who publicly acknowledged, there are 85; for the Chinese Communist historians Chang Yang who, in 198 six years has reached 115. .


From 1929 to 1933, graduated from Central Academy of approximately 25 000 officers, 000 at the expense of full-blown war in the first four months. In previous large-scale battles and soldiers of the Kuomintang in Xiangshan as whole company customs battle, the whole camp, the whole mission and died, not uncommon. According to a nine year after China historians, war in 1937, the "officers and men of the KMT and wounded thousands per hour, the major divisions complement the severest of up to four or five times, the original junior officers and soldiers of the casualties of up to two-thirds of the deaths and injuries, brigades, to more than half." The heroic sacrifice in the nation and the nations of the world history of foreign aggression against the enemy of their cases rarely. Shanghai Five warehouse Eight Hundred Heroes "China will not die," the heroic voice shook the world. "Over the years that the Chinese are poor and vulnerable to intimidation of the British fighting people who are frightened in their brave and fierce and persistence of the. Shimo Lai Major-General said: 'He has never seen more than China, more death squads last defense Zhabei for the heroic things! '. " .


3 October 1937, from the North to the enemy to jinpu rising resistance in Texas defenders hard copies shipped qichang Brigade, caught in the Japanese, and Shanhai pass defenders, the showdown, the whole city for his country. In the same month, more than 40 000 in the regiment of Shanxi xinkou wars, Hao Meng-lin Liu Qi division commanders and generals martyred.


March 1938, in the southern section of Jinpu County southward to intercept and attack enemy Battle Teng County, the army commander Wang Ming Zhang defenders, General issued a "decision to Si Pin to report to the State" after the last message that was broken after the street fighting in the city, and chief of staff, General Zhao Bin, Zou Shaomeng general also died. In the same year in spring, the most intense hours of Taierzhuang World War, the Second Army Commander Sun Lianzhong of the teachers said Chi Feng City, "the soldiers was over, you are to fill in! You filled in, I will come to fill in!", Then the mental enough.Feng yuxiang later praised the campaign said: "... to think that Japanese people Zhang zizhong General Army then listen to the commands, so brave ... the Japanese army frak. ”。.


May 1939, in the battle with the date, although "our well-combat troops, no fully complement the already broken, the lack of flat trajectory guns and other weapons, on the impact of the tanks could not resist, but fortunately still Sheng morale. soldiers, according to trench clinging, that flesh and blood and fighting the enemy with tanks, officers and men of the brave actually climb on top of the enemy's tanks, grenade throwing to the car, fighting the heroic courage and sacrifice, pens Nanjin out. " .


In May 1940, in Burgundy to battle though I most of the Japanese forces surrounded by Xiang-Dong plain area, destroying the very popular, but because the enemy a breakthrough, Commander-in-Chief of the eighth army generals "Li Zhi Zhong Fong collection rate 74 teachers in Chase of the enemy flee south mill (16) in the vicinity of pumpkin shop with the enemy, the enemy's battle to step three, four thousand ride with more than 20 Cannon door to counterattack, fierce, and the start of our army, enemy surrounded by large, close to me, at the headquarters of the Commander in Chief with the enemy's selfless determination, pro rate headquarters officer and special final bitter, because playing the best Commander in Chief of the solitary, but in being an officer of the martyred, and spies the Dutchbat Commander following fellow martyred, survival, much like the" . Chiang Kai-shek that Zhang Zhizhong martyred, the text personally Article crying. .


In March 1941, during the second battle on high in the face of the enemy in and regiments of XXXIII, 34 divisions have a Department and 20 all mixed Brigade's strong strength, I wujun Wang and enemy coast battle with the enemy, 14, Highland way throughout the passing, kills the enemy. I'm the King of the officers at the expense of more than ten thousand people. The same year, Zhejiang and Jiangxi campaign in April, I pass by the Force Commander, haimen city, Jiang Ying armies fight Japanese pirates, and many soldiers martyred together.


Early January 1942, in the Third Battle of Changsha, I fighting with the enemy into battle everywhere in the whole. 10th army, division chief Huangzhong General in his "three war Changsha" diary Hutchison said: ... ... all day long in the fierce battle, LIU Yang doors are from North street street fighting, fight new army road four times; the division to seize Chen Jiashan sacrifice of over a hundred. 16:00 fire, the smoke mortal; in particular, had itself near the North Road; field no birds, no pedestrian city; This is the intense days, is also a decisive battle on, who the winner will be able to keep CD in.In the last five minutes, Supreme Commander power: "... the enemy troops, and I cut the rear focus forward adversaries around the words, the tenth army, who is able to embrace and survival in Changsha, will be able to destroy the enemy, to obtain. "Electricity there are seven" I am the tenth army, "what a great earthquake, morale. Martyred by day, and wounded two, I have not been robbed of inch ....


November 1943, at the Battle of Changde, when the Japanese on January 16th Division men remorselessly all troops laid siege to Changde, the The campaign despite more than 10,000 engineers I fight to the death with the enemy Shi Yuri, and by the 9th Theater 4 a military Fuyuan and won, but the Hall, three teachers and heroic sacrifice, the 57th Division suffered a 90 percent or more casualties, 15,000 officers and men, the survivors, only 300 people. .


In the summer of 1944, when the Japanese army to open up the Mainland transit award in association with the Southeast Division soldiers committed three road, Changsha over Hengyang perimeter KMT in Guild Wars with the enemy more than once. 10 KMT over Hengyang City, British soldiers in the reinforcements could not be supported within the spent grain, not following the bomb, the soldier's Hong Kong film, defending the hardships of 48 days, until injuries, position no no drop '.


In the same year the spring months, the Chinese Expeditionary Force and stationed in India and Myanmar to the north of the Yunnan-Burma border offensive battle, its climb mountains, force a crossing Nu strong enemy positions stack grams Longling, Teng Heng, destroy the hard fighting Wanting , and "through the mountains, along the supplies do not continue to be subject to hunger is not a beggar description." In this regard, Wu, head of the United States praised the staff liaison, said: "The Chinese armed forces and fighting spirit of tolerance of hardship the brave, are rare in the world." China famous magazine "contemporary"'s lengthy history of documentary literature "China Expeditionary Army" article, about the hard and heroic were full of description and praise。 A personally observed April 1944 Western Yunnan province nujiang battle of Americans, but also in the description of the Chinese army's spirit of bravely writes: "in a class a class on the enemy stronghold of suicidal charge ... most of the casualties are produced in an attempt to overshoot or more accurately, climbed over the machine gun fire nets of blockade. As a pure display of courage, the attack is the heroic and moving ... ... some of the enemy platoon leader was killed in the bullet hole from a distance of 12 meters, some good company commander, battalion commander died in the fighting personally led or injury ... ... "Stilwell then commented:" If you get good training, equipment and leadership, the Chinese army and no country can match the brave armed forces. . ".


It is true that the Chinese military is precisely because this is only passionately temperament make us weak motherland in the enemy in front of his fearless sacrifice and the cupola of heroics, conquer enemy's invasion and the terrible invasion for a long time.


It should be mentioned that in the war, the National Revolutionary Army ─ ─ "the Kuomintang army," 52 female Master gunner Tang Guilin, its disguised as a man, on behalf of the brother in the army, repeated construction of the moving stories of military exploits, was reputation Republic of China in the Great Patriotic War, "Mulan." And in 1948 she died in the Battle of Taiyuan established in another repeatedly exploits the female body should show Joe gunmen had been regarded as the National Revolutionary Army with pride. .


It must be pointed out that in the eight-year war, unless it can be said that the Chinese Communists, no matter where the Central army, armed forces or of the old original warlords subordinates, and even the army has repeatedly made over the rebel's "rebel", they resist great spirit inspirited by the vast majority are anti-Japanese heroes and anti-Japanese hero's army. "Most people's impression of the war, said that China's military progress; in fact, the more progress, our army during the war of the oven, melting into the national army, the army, becoming a modern military exercise. This is the most basic of national unity. ”。.


Third, the ROC government, uphold the leadership of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's war record. .


The KMT army in the war of the long-lasting years, their heroic sacrifice of fighting, said it is difficult to do all of the ink. However, as is the unstoppable, brave sacrifice, 14 years for eight years war, especially before the war full of repeated setbacks enemy elite, award-winning defeated the enemy attacks.


In 1937 after the Battle of Shanghai, as mentioned earlier, not only the province of the Japanese Army announced "the Shanghai war, our casualties reached 40,000," As China and historian said: It (the Battle of Shanghai) for the three months, making the Yangtze River downstream migration of plant and materials have the time, so that "a new international image." Second, it allows the Japanese in China, not arbitrary action. Japanese troops deployed two and a half from the North Division to reinforce Shanghai operations, resulting in the Chinese army in the north of the favorable situation, in particular with the preparation time to Shanxi. 59. .


In October, the Japanese sieges to resolve North, divided by a Ministry to wutaishan, wants to direct next Taiyuan. Wei was protected by the latest Lup prevailing command, commanding the Fourteenth Army four and a half north of Taiyuan normal Asteria to concentrate ... the Japanese that 50 000 troops to attack the Central breakthrough method xinkou. For the time being, the Chiang Kai-shek had three-guardian Lup etc: "look what the war, one that". Wei is left, Center, right, three Corps, to near the front as the axis xinkou, rendezvous with Japanese wars, jinjun famous xinkou battle for starters. The battle for destroying the forty thousand of our army, resulting in the most advantageous in North China battles of the war. As mentioned earlier, I Haomeng Lin commander, Jia-Qi Liu teacher was served heroic sacrifice. .


In March 1938, first taierzhuang wars by me Ponchielli Byung-Hoon army in the city of defending the linyi city, Shandong province, reportedly after General Zhang zizhong, two armies rushed to expulsion, such as the wind storm. Enemy of the regiment was not itagaki not fled to retreat. Pang, Zhang two Nai Heli ran a day and night, so that the enemy to begin a retreat into the 90 's, some County. The enemy left along the body, particularly instruments ammunition losses. Is a service for destroying the total occlusion of the arteries and veins of the North and South of the Japanese, the Japanese-Pu cable block along Longhai railway and along the Yangtze River in fast attack I Wuhan, a remarkable achievement.


The beginning of Battle of Wuhan in May the same year, As mentioned above, although the enemy assembled 12 divisions, with the Marine Corps and four attack aircraft and 500 hours of Wuhan, but, April, Chiang Kai-shek government ministries in defense of Wuhan long meeting, repeatedly asked the senior general services "determined to hold mortal and soldiers in distress ... ... ... ... although with the life and death, earth shattering, this rather further shift." And the development of "the defense of Wuhan, Take toughness, regardless of capture maneuvers may apply to take the initiative to the stand position, and must not lose the situation" (Chiang Kai-shek diaries) of strategic decision-making. Is served, the enemy fierce battle over more than five months, annihilating 200 000.As soon as the Japanese army in the forced landing, Wuhan and Guangzhou Railway has lost the meaning of the defense, military decision only renounced Wuhan. However, Wuhan battle but to block enemy westward, the consumption of enemy troops strength, ready to rear traffic, transport necessary weapons, Southeast and Central migration I concentrated my industry resources in Southeast Southwest provinces, for the construction of the Southwest, to adhere to the lasting war lays an important foundation.


1939 North of the spring offensive that "nearly five million people consume the enemy." Counterattack in the year, including southern Shanxi, northern Henan counterattack, counterattack in Hubei, Jiangxi North counterattack of the "April offensive", a total of nine million people destroy the enemy. This year the battle with the date, our military is not only offensive to win Zaoyang recovery, and with the stalemate in with the enemy, between dates, so that enemy "dead left with five thousand horses numerous instruments." .


In September of the first battle in Changsha, "an overview of the service, the enemy, by half-load with the Navy, as many as ten in an attempt to enemy chieftain Nishio, Osaka's take on the occasion of the captured Changsha, parading, puppet regime and to establish Chang is unexpectedly large failures, injuries and more than 30 000 people".


In the same year in November to January 1940 the Battle of South Guangxi, the enemy although drawn from the fifth division of Shandong, coordination with the Taiwan tour group, and by Fleet Bank landed the cover of the Qinzhou Bay, along the northbound committed Yong Chin , depression Yongning, though I was the Department of Guilin-line business Pai Chung-hsi to 150,000 troops counter-attack by Chiang Kai-shek that Du Yuming the Fifth Army mechanized and 100 war planes counterattack. Repeated with the Japanese army engage in fierce battle in the Kunlun Pass, arduous. On the 18th army that captured the Kunlun and nine ponds, the 19th captured a large peak of Au, beyond capturing five, six, seven ponds.20 by the Japanese army reinforcements anti depression peaks depression, Kunlun gateway, Kowloon Tong I assault to counter-attack, yongning road, died December 31 rizak Kunlun, January 4 to Kerr Kowloon Tong, leading Japanese Fifth divisions have a fierce battle, its 12 casualties brigades, loss of a regiment. Day, the complex occupies yongning attempted to rob the broken China Southwest international transit purpose, did not reach.


May 1940 the date should battle, from fighting the Japanese in the failure of the East-hsiang. That time, the enemy was south of Henan, Hubei and the reinforcement of six divisions, focused on Xinyang, with the county, Zhongxiang three regions of Nanyang and Xiangyang of the attack. That time, the military aspects of an addition to the side against the side with the dates turn into Tanghe River, another stick Tongbaishan, Dahongshan outside, large forces are on the outside line of the enemy moving left and the right to be the big enemy Xiang-Dong Department of troops in the plain area surrounded, and annihilated 45,000 people have been gun 60, Ma 2000, car 70, car 400. .


The same year on high battle March, in the face of the enemy in an attempt to combat the 33, 34, two regiments and 20 mixed Brigade total strength, I law breaking British corps is the first road on the enemy, Anyi County to two divisions in the West and the Japanese. Then, to focus on both sides of the Japanese attack heightens, folded his arms, and then in the middle of the Japanese battleship, jujian by enemy casualties, or more than 15 000. Japanese teachers of dahe is fortunate to have fled for their lives, but because of the shame hate in Nanchang and attempted suicide.


September 1941 the second Battle of Changsha, the mobilization of 13 thousand people while the Japanese invasion of Changsha in three columns, I garrison is successive to the Japanese to consume, and after another by the Pingjiang, Liuyang, Zhuzhou, Yiyang and so to surround and stormed the Japanese invasion of Changsha, causing the Japanese retreat northward, then Xian Wei army chasing chasing and beyond, on the 5th through the Miluo River, on the 8th through the new river wall, residual Japanese thereupon Linxiang , Yueyang side Jicuan, bringing victory to the end of the second Battle of Changsha. .


1941-1942 by the end of the beginning of the third battle of Changsha, Japan as a constrain the KMT in supplying the Allied in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and attempted to open up the Han, Pacific railway air threat, something of a three and a half in more than 70 Changsha siege and beginning on January 1, 1942 to pounce on. Our military not only on schedule buckled on, he Yuelu Mountain artillery bombardment of enemy timely, fierce battle on the 4th, to the enemy to hit, I then submitted 10 army troops, from all sides to implement the total counterattack, the Japanese must then posterior, morale of the dejected, unable to struggle with heavy casualties, are on the 4th night breakthrough North channeling its Jitiao of Hubei Province and reinforcements, will again be our military check, several military destruction. Is served the Japanese army killed more than 56,900 for the Pearl Harbor incident, the Chinese army in the first offensive battle, the Allies in the Pacific war is a series of failures in the initial victory of the first open records.The times commented that: "the Coalition on December 7, the only decisive victory of arms of Changsha victory." The London Daily Telegraph especially said: "this far eastern Yin fog clouds in the sky, the clouds of Changsha did shine. ”。.


January 1942, I coordinated the British Expeditionary Force in Burma fighting the Japanese army fell on the same old, defeated the Japanese in Yenangyaung, because the British solution of the crisis, deep-Bo alliance countries have high praise. In April, the Allied bombing of the Japanese experience in the local community, in order to cover up the failure of people's minds is assembled thousands of troops, launched an offensive in eastern Zhejiang. To invade the Japanese army in successive order to hit, is to turn into the enemy's rear. Once the entire line, Zhejiang and Jiangxi were trapped opponent, stand in August to conduct full range of military counter-offensive, taking the strategy of the Japanese cut, then continuously regained ground, the enemy is retreating in panic."Taking the battle to the enemy, as many as ten original wing covers me around the East Coast to disguise their defeat and weaken the threat of the local community, over to loss failure yizhang, plans were I completely crushed. This uses the forces of the enemy and up to ten units of force dries up, a patchwork of cases can be inferred that its crash is not far away. ”。.


May 1943, Japanese troops entangled 110 000 invaded the Western Hubei Three Gorges, Chongqing, attempting to knock the West Portal, I am the last of the yield force in order to post on the British and American operations. I am Ministry of the Sixth Sun Lianzhong theater about 11 troops, then successive resistance, and the special award at the Chiang Kai-Shek Pai defenders in the warrant, the command stick to annihilate pirate fortress, the garrison is a side Shihpai contraction, side to lure the enemy, once the enemy had fresh Yang Guan, Meng committed when the fortress, that tenacious fight back, to the enemy to hit, the Japanese offensive frustrated, crumble. Our military establishment to be Zhuijian day and night.From mid-June, with the exception of ouchikou occupies a place were all restore original state, is dead, wounded enemy battle of thirty thousand people.


In the same year in November, in the Hubei Province in the defeat of the Japanese battle for the truncated military Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan contact between the master of all the resources of Dongting Lake, occupy the gate I northwestern Hunan Changde, I counter-offensive to break the preparations, tangle 100 000 troops from the beginning of November 2, in the first 16 divisions invaded Changde, becoming the third Division Taoyuan, 68th Mountain Division Jinde, the 40th Division invaded Hanson. Fierce fight for our military, the Japanese can not succeed, then transfer the West complex attack, depression, Shek Mun, Pei County, Taoyuan trend path, the left wing captured from security Hanshou Township, Changde siege.I Yu z colleges and more than ten days of heavy fighting, and Kai to aid the ninth theater four army recaptured changde on December 8. The sixth theater also go through the ministries, has recovered the offensive, anxiang, peixian Nan County, the battle of nourishing, public security, etc. The end of December, to make complex pre-war situation.


Early in 1944, the Chinese Expeditionary Force and stationed in India in the Yunnan-Burma border, the northern Burma to counterattack, the Japanese wipe out the two divisions, two divisions of the Japanese hit. In the same year the spring months, I opened up the Indian roads, beginning with the Indian Army commanders stationed in the new rate Cheng Tung States Army, Army in northern Burma six new, more mountains, onslaught of new Ocean, and the Japanese war in Taibai home. March 5, Ke Meng off, then Kemeng arch, Myitkyina, launched an offensive in Western Yunnan coordinate operations in the Indian Army. Meanwhile, the commander of the expeditionary force command of five military force a crossing Wei Lihuang also the Nu River, launched an offensive in Western Yunnan, coordinate operations in the Indian Army, the Japanese firm base stack grams Longling, Teng Heng, destroy Wanding.-On January 27, 1945, the army and I spread in Western forces friends, completely open up the mountain-Indian Highway, in collaboration with the Allied forces recaptured the Burma North.


In 1945, the Japanese want to ensure that the level for the southern Chinese traffic, destroy my Air Force Base in South West Henan conspiracy, my fifth theater in the theater and the first battle with the Japanese several times, after the successive elimination of the Japanese, another third-party counter-offensive, the South has recovered Chang, Xiangyang, Fan Yang, counter-old mouth, only defeated by the advancing Japanese army in Northern Hubei, but also in the West Gorge, check around the south of Henan long Lishui Town, Japanese westward. Combat 72 days (March 21-May 31), shoot the enemy 15,760 people.After the Japanese forces, Hunan, Guangxi to consolidate the Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong Han Road blocked traffic, and to prevent the counterattack, but to prepare the whole County, Dongan, Shaoyang, gathering some troops around Xiangtan, in early April 1945 by soldiers invade West Road. My fourth front Department at Wu Wang gang, jiangkou, new technology area to the enemy to resolutely resist the Japanese, and contusions. xuefeng mountains The tenth army, who long Division in the vicinity of yiyang ningxiang, halt the Japanese advance by Xiangtan, check his/her actions. The third front Tang enbo Division turnover huangxian pass off attacks on the Japanese side on the back, and on May 8 that I air force support under the pincers, surrounded by the Japanese army, be annihilated, respectively. .


Battle of the defeat by the Western Japanese, then devastated. Is, the allied forces have captured Iwo Ryukyu Islands, Japan's native Japanese form of emergency, is Chiang Kai-shek ordered the southeast of the battlefield began to counterattack. Zhang Fakui second Army out of all yang Mountains, winning Yongning; A General of the Third Army to take a straight along LIU Yi Road, Liuzhou, Guangxi Guangzhou main road along the mountain ridge Raiders of Guilin City, Vietnam, Japanese Wangfengpimi. Our military is on May 27 grams Yongning, followed by recovery of Liuzhou, Guilin various city, to recover lost seven hundred kilometers south-east. Not a few months later, the Japanese finally surrendered unconditionally, China has finally overcome its aggression.By the Government of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang and the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek to insist, as long as 14 years of arduous great war, became our nation's history and the pride of the history of the world. Preface to the cited in this chapter, American historian easy laoyi "fair", it is fundamentally uncovered those "down and pushing" the lie, so deeply that there is a "world", the history of the public will eventually "on this day.


2019 is now at a comprehensive history of reflection in the Chinese mainland scholars finally boldly said: "Chiang Kai-shek from start to finish to adhere to war, the majority of patriotic officers and men is the Kuomintang blood war, fought to the Japanese invasion with great consumption, until fight for the victory of war against foreign aggressors ... ... in the national war on the battlefield, the performance of the Kuomintang officers and men of the flesh, is respectable and the ... ... in the history of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression, little precedent for ... ... " . .


Historical fact is that not only consistently adhere to the Chiang Kai-shek of the war, but also from the leadership at tenaciously. He is always at the forefront with justifiable, the final retreat of bravery to body-line or even a number of occasions the danger is the story of the enemy, have led to today's Chinese people gankaiwanduan. In 1993, by the China people's Liberation Army, National Defense University Press published a KMT-Panax, and in China, published by other research works, the Kuomintang had on him as a hero of the great spirit and bravery, be a very bold and praise.


After the war all the scholars and historians will not, but never mind that, in China, will be "the KMT's resistance against Japanese aggression as a heroic epic to be praised for" days, not only has arrived , and in recent years, mainland China, more and more widely and more deeply praise the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek and his troops insist the heroic resistance of the writings and works of large numbers of people on the mainland have long history of China's lead in-depth reflection, and pushing it into the entire history of the Republic of China re-recognize and re-identify the higher stage. .


However, sad is that had long heroic soldiers of the war, while the KMT was killed in a one of the survivors and the vast majority of the wounded, it was in 1949 and later became a new Chinese history of "counter-revolutionary". They, or ever, or sentenced, detention, prison, detention, or a charge, which is managed in the home be forced labour, and Yam and sons "shall stand forever." Play foreign wars of the KMT is the counter-revolutionary dark age of unprecedented growth, their eternal injustic was never anywhere can tell.


Zhang Zhizhong - army commander, Gen. 33. .


Linge-army 29 Vice Commander 29th Army.


Zhao Dengyu - 132 Division of the Army General. .


Huangmei-Army Brigade Commander in 264.


Cai Bingyan - Lieutenant 201 Brigade. .


Chang Yu-Army Deputy Commander Lt. 12 Brigade.


Leung Kam Tong - Army Major General 230 Brigade. .


Jiang Yu-Ching-Army Brigade Commander in 196.


Yang Jie - Army First Brigade, Deputy Brigade Commander, Major General. .


Hao dream-army who is 9.


Wallace - 54 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Cheng ting Zhen-Army Brigade Commander 5 will be independent.


Qin Lin - Lieutenant 511 Brigade. .


Pang Han ching-Army Brigade Commander in 501.


Crown Waste Management - Army Major General 270 Brigade. .


Liu Mei Sheng-army Major-General and head of 510.


Wu Keren - Army Commander Lieutenant General 67. .


Wu-Army Brigade Commander major general 174.


Gao Air - Air Force Commander Major General expulsion. .


Mr. Kwok Cheung-Army Deputy Division Chief in the 172.


Rao Guohua - 145 Division of the Army General. .


Xiaoshan order-Army Deputy Commander of the military police.


Chu Chi - Army Major General 262 Brigade. .


By song-Army Brigade Commander in 264.


Rao Zhongying - 156 Division Chief of Staff Major General. .


Rear Admiral Yi Anwar-259 Brigade Commander of the army.


Li Lan Chi - 112 division deputy commander Army Major General. .


Non-major of the army of Stubbs 160 ' Chief of staff.


Chapter Cho - Lieutenant 251 Brigade. .


Liuzhen East-Army 5 Theater Commander of the second road on the guerrilla.


Wang Ming Zhang - 122 Division of the Army General. .


Van Ting-army Major General Yubei don't move the Group Commander of the fifth station.


Huai-- 359 Regiment of the Army Major General. .


Five major general Liu GUI-army Cavalry Division 6 (grab Jiang field command).


Chen Chung Book - Lieutenant 542 Brigade. .


Understand their first major-341-Army Brigade Commander.


Zhou Yuan - 173 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Lee PIL fan-Army Division will be 23, Qidong-major of the Army Chief of staff of 23 universities.


Major General Yang monkeys 360 regiment. .


Feng anbang-army who is 42.


Fan built first - the guerrilla commander of the six districts of Shandong Province (famous for building the first elderly). .


Xuji chapter-Army Brigade Commander major general 205.


Guo-Liang - Army Military Training Department will monitor baggage heavily. .


Zhang Xu-army Vice Chief of the theater.


Wang Yu 9 - 79 Army Staff Major General Director. .


Daniel Chan Kwong-on-army who is 39.


Tang poly 5 - Army Commander Major General Northeast guerrilla. .


Ma Yan-Army Lieutenant Commander of the fourth way guerrilla in Jiangsu Province (the rest of the Department, Deputy Commander of the meter by Yuting joined the army, led by).


Ding Bing right - 197 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Cheng-army who will be no. 2.


Chung Yi - 173 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Yan Ting Kau-army Major General Deputy Commander of the guerrilla 22 column.


Zhang Ya-Yun - New 15 Division Major General 44 Regiment. .


Jiang Zhi-Ying-army garrison commander major general Zhejiang Taizhou.


Xie Yuan - Army regiment, Major General 524 (Eight Hundred Heroes of Commander). .


Wang Chun-Army Division will be a 27.


Liang Xixian - New Army 27 division deputy commander, Major General. .


Chen Qi, major General of the Army Chief of staff of the new 27 '.


Tang Huai source - the military commander, Gen. 3. .


Inch of odd-Army Division will be 12.


Chen column - Army Major General Rusu 4 column Anhui border guerrilla commander. .


Kim Sung-India-17 major-General of the army chiefs.


Shizuo Heng - 70 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Biography of Xiang lysine-Army Deputy Division Chief in the 190.


Zhu Jitsuo - New 3rd division deputy commander Army Major General. .


Li Han ching-Army Commander of an Infantry Division will be 57.


Wu Shimin - Army Commander Lieutenant General 98. .


Zhu shiqin-army in suspense series 30 Division.


Dai Anlan - 200 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Rear Admiral Wangfengshan-Army Division 45 temporary series.


Hu Yibin - 96 division deputy commander Army Major General. .


Zhou Fu-army will russu theater directors.


Zhang Zhi rafter - 113 Division Chief of Staff Major General. .


Peng Shi-army in suspense series 5 Division.


Xu Guozhang - 150 Division of the Army Lieutenant General. .


Sun Jin-army will prepare 10 Division.


Lu Guangwei - 8 division deputy commander Army Major General Cavalry. .


Li Yu-Army Commander-in-Chief of army group 36.


Wang Jianyue - 8 division deputy commander Army Major General. .


Wang Jia-army who is 79.


Kan-dimensional Yong - 131 Division Commander Lieutenant Zhan Lu Meng - 31 Army Chief of Staff Major General. .


Chen Ji-hwan-Army Chief of staff of the defence command in Guilin.


Shi Wei Fu - appeasing the Office of Guangxi Army senior staff officer, Major General (he was captured alive after being stabbed in Japanese, I do not know how to face him Lee light gray). .


Qi Xue Kai-Army Deputy Division Chief in the 38.


There are also: Zhang Shuzhen, Watson Fong, Pang Taifeng, Wuguo Zhang, Zhao Bin, Fang Shuhong, Mao Dai Jun, Fu Zhonggui, Lei Zhong, Chen Qing, Hu Wenchen, Linying Can, Lu Shangxiu, Wang Ziheng, Hanbing Chen, Yuan employed, Zhang King, wearing civil rights, Liu Yan, Zhang Qing Shu, High Road, first, Jiang Chun-Yan, Chen Shaotang, Zhouding Ming, Zhang Jingnan, Hu Xu called on other than 200. .


In addition to the entire war war 128 in 1932 and 1933 wall — Yu Guan, rehe, great wall three battles, since 1937 July to 8 August 1945, the ROC government forces launched during large-scale battle 22 times, important battles, small battles 1117 28931 times. Army were killed, wounded, missing 3211419. Air Force Memorial 4321, destroying machine 2468 driving. Navy depleted.